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Title Endocrine system Nervous system Immune system Signal transduction systems in multicellular organisms CHAPTER 15 Endocrine System 1.Endocrine glands 2.Hypothalamus and pituitary gland 3.Thyroid and parathyroid glands 4.Adrenal glands 5.Pancreas 6.Other endocrine glands 7.Homeostasis
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CHAPTER 15...CHAPTER 15 Endocrine System 1.Endocrine glands 2.Hypothalamus and pituitary gland 3.Thyroid and parathyroid glands 4.Adrenal glands 5.Pancreas 6.Other endocrine glands

Jun 12, 2020

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Page 1: CHAPTER 15...CHAPTER 15 Endocrine System 1.Endocrine glands 2.Hypothalamus and pituitary gland 3.Thyroid and parathyroid glands 4.Adrenal glands 5.Pancreas 6.Other endocrine glands

Title

Endocrine system

Nervous system

Immune system

Signal transduction

systems in multicellular

organisms

CHAPTER 15 Endocrine System

1.Endocrine glands

2.Hypothalamus and pituitary gland

3.Thyroid and parathyroid glands

4.Adrenal glands

5.Pancreas

6.Other endocrine glands

7.Homeostasis

Page 2: CHAPTER 15...CHAPTER 15 Endocrine System 1.Endocrine glands 2.Hypothalamus and pituitary gland 3.Thyroid and parathyroid glands 4.Adrenal glands 5.Pancreas 6.Other endocrine glands

pancreas

arteriole

liver insulin

liver cell

b. Reception of insulin, a hormone

a. Reception of a neurotransmitter

axon of

nerve fiber

neurotransmitters

axon terminal

vesicle

Fig. 15.1 The action of neurotransmitter differs from that of a hormone. 15.1 Endocrine glands

Common points:

Different points:

structural transmitter method speed

components substances

Nervous system neurons neurotransmitters axons & synapses rapid

Endocrine system

( )

( ) (

)

( ) ( )

Page 3: CHAPTER 15...CHAPTER 15 Endocrine System 1.Endocrine glands 2.Hypothalamus and pituitary gland 3.Thyroid and parathyroid glands 4.Adrenal glands 5.Pancreas 6.Other endocrine glands

Fig. 15.2 The endocrine system ( )

Hypothalamus

Pituitary Gland

Posterior pituitary

Anterior pituitary

Thyroid

Adrenal Gland

Adrenal cortex

Parathyroids

Thymus

Pancreas

Gonads

Testes

Ovaries

ovary (female)

testis

(male)

parathyroid glands

(posterior surface of thyroid)

視床下部

下垂体(前葉、後葉)

甲状腺

副腎

副腎皮質

副甲状腺

胸腺

膵臓

性腺(精巣、卵巣)

Page 4: CHAPTER 15...CHAPTER 15 Endocrine System 1.Endocrine glands 2.Hypothalamus and pituitary gland 3.Thyroid and parathyroid glands 4.Adrenal glands 5.Pancreas 6.Other endocrine glands

Table 15.1

松果体

Page 5: CHAPTER 15...CHAPTER 15 Endocrine System 1.Endocrine glands 2.Hypothalamus and pituitary gland 3.Thyroid and parathyroid glands 4.Adrenal glands 5.Pancreas 6.Other endocrine glands

Hypothalamus Hypothalamic hormone-producing cells posterior pituitary

hormone-

producing cells*

ACTH

producing cells

TSH

producing cells

Aderenal

cortex Thyroid

Pituitary

Lower

endocrine

systems

TRH

cortisol T3,T4

GH

producing cells

PRL

producing cells

Liver Mammary

gland

(PRF)

PIH

IGF-1

LH/FSH

producing cells

Gonads

sex hormones

ADH OT

Hypothalamus-pituitary-peripheral endocrine system

Releasing:

Inhibiting:

#not included in

posterior pituitary

hormones

CRH

Whole body

GHRH GHIH

(Somatostatin)

GnRH

(=LHRH)

whole body whole body sex organ etc bone etc

Page 6: CHAPTER 15...CHAPTER 15 Endocrine System 1.Endocrine glands 2.Hypothalamus and pituitary gland 3.Thyroid and parathyroid glands 4.Adrenal glands 5.Pancreas 6.Other endocrine glands

Exocrine versus Endocrine (p334)

Duct(s)

膵内分泌

( )

Page 7: CHAPTER 15...CHAPTER 15 Endocrine System 1.Endocrine glands 2.Hypothalamus and pituitary gland 3.Thyroid and parathyroid glands 4.Adrenal glands 5.Pancreas 6.Other endocrine glands

Fig. 15.7 Negative feedback mechanism in the endocrine system.

hypothalamus

anterior pituitary

target gland

target gland hormone

(hormone 3)

Thyroxine, triiodothyronine

feedback

inhibits

release of

hormone 2

TSH

feedback

inhibits

release of

hormone 1

TRH

stimulating hormone

(hormone 2)

TSH

releasing hormone

(hormone 1)

TRH

Negative feedback (p335)

Page 8: CHAPTER 15...CHAPTER 15 Endocrine System 1.Endocrine glands 2.Hypothalamus and pituitary gland 3.Thyroid and parathyroid glands 4.Adrenal glands 5.Pancreas 6.Other endocrine glands

Fig. 15.3 Hormones target specific cells. nontarget cell

receptors

capillary

hormone

target cells

Receptors (p336)

Page 9: CHAPTER 15...CHAPTER 15 Endocrine System 1.Endocrine glands 2.Hypothalamus and pituitary gland 3.Thyroid and parathyroid glands 4.Adrenal glands 5.Pancreas 6.Other endocrine glands

Fig. 15.3 Hormones target specific cells.

capillary

Androgen insensitivity (p336)

androgen

Page 10: CHAPTER 15...CHAPTER 15 Endocrine System 1.Endocrine glands 2.Hypothalamus and pituitary gland 3.Thyroid and parathyroid glands 4.Adrenal glands 5.Pancreas 6.Other endocrine glands

e.g., prostaglandins and growth factors.

Prostaglandins are produced, but not carried elsewhere in

the bloodstream.

Local hormones (p336)

Page 11: CHAPTER 15...CHAPTER 15 Endocrine System 1.Endocrine glands 2.Hypothalamus and pituitary gland 3.Thyroid and parathyroid glands 4.Adrenal glands 5.Pancreas 6.Other endocrine glands

アドレナリン

アルドステロン

インスリン

The Action of Hormones (p337)

Peptide hormones

ペプチドホルモン

Steroid hormones

ステロイドホルモン

Amino acid-derived hormones

アミノ酸誘導体ホルモン

Page 12: CHAPTER 15...CHAPTER 15 Endocrine System 1.Endocrine glands 2.Hypothalamus and pituitary gland 3.Thyroid and parathyroid glands 4.Adrenal glands 5.Pancreas 6.Other endocrine glands

Fig. 15.4 Action of a peptide hormone. capillary

receptor protein

3. cAM P activates an enzyme cascade.

glycogen

1. Hormone binds to a

receptor in the plasma

membrane.

2. Binding leads to

activation of an

enzyme that changes

ATP to cyclic AMP.

cAMP (second messenger)

plasma

membrane

ATP

glucose

(leaves cell

and goes

to blood)

4. Many molecules of

glycogen are broken

down to glucose,

which enters the

bloodstream.

peptide hormone

(first messenger)

activated

enzyme

Page 13: CHAPTER 15...CHAPTER 15 Endocrine System 1.Endocrine glands 2.Hypothalamus and pituitary gland 3.Thyroid and parathyroid glands 4.Adrenal glands 5.Pancreas 6.Other endocrine glands

Fig. 15.5 Action of a steroid hormone and amino acid-derived hormones.

DN A

ribosome

protein

cytoplasm

1. Hormone diffuses

through plasma

membrane because

it is lipid soluble.

2. Hormone binds

to receptor inside

nucleus.

steroid

hormone

receptor

protein

mRNA

mRNA 3. Hormone-receptor

complex activates

gene and synthesis

of a specific mRNA

molecule follows.

4. mRNA moves to

ribosomes, and protein

synthesis occurs.

nucleus