CHAPTER 14 PERSONAL CARE & HEALTHY BEHAVIORS. LESSON 1 – HEALTHY SKIN, HAIR AND NAILS Facts about skin: Largest organ of the body Produces perspiration.

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LESSON 1 – HEALTHY SKIN, HAIR AND NAILS

Facts about skin:

• Largest organ of the body

• Produces perspiration to help keep body cool

• Main organ of the integumentary system

• Physical barrier between the outside world and internal organs

• 1st line of defense against pathogens entering the body

Structure and Function of the Skin

• Skin has 2 main layers

1. Epidermis – the outer, thinner layer of skin (living and dead cells)

2. Dermis – thicker layer under the epidermis (connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves

LESSON 1 - CONTINUED

3. Melanin – a pigment that gives the skin, hair, and iris of the eye their color

• People with fair skin are at risk for skin damage from UV radiation

4. Sebaceous glands – structures within the skin that produce an oily secretion called sebum

• Main purpose of sebum is to keep the skin from drying out

5. Sweat glands – structures within the dermis that secrete perspiration through ducts to pores on the skin’s surface

• Why do we sweat?

Healthy Skin

• Wash your face every morning and evening with mild soap and water

• Daily bathing helps remove and slow the growth of the bacteria that causes body odor

LESSON 1 - CONTINUED

Skin and the Sun

• When skin is exposed to UV rays, melanin production is increased

List 2 ways to avoid sunburns:

a) Wear sunscreen

b) Wear protective clothing

Body Piercing and Tattooing

What are you at risk of contracting?

c) Hepatitis B

d) Hepatitis C

e) HIV

Skin Problems

• Acne – pores become clogged, bacteria thrives in the trapped oil, most common among teens

LESSON 1 - CONTINUED

• Warts – are caused by a virus

a) Usually non – cancerous

b) Can be acquired through contact with infected skin

• Vitiligo – a condition in which patches of skin have lost all pigment

• Boils – form when hair follicles become infected with bacteria

• Moles – spots that contain extra melanin, most moles are harmless

6. Melanoma – the most serious form of skin cancer

7. Hair follicle – a structure that surrounds the root of a hair

8. Dandruff – a condition that can occur if the scalp becomes too dry

LESSON 1 - CONTINUED

CHAPTER 14 – LESSON 2

Caring for the Teeth and Mouth

1. Periodontium – the area immediately around the teeth

• Good dental health includes:

a) Regular dental visits

b) Floss properly

c) Eat a well balanced diet including foods that contain phosphorus, calcium, and vitamin C

The tooth is made of 3 parts:

• Crown

• Neck

• Root

2. Pulp – tissue that contains the blood vessels and nerves of a tooth

3. Plaque – a sticky colorless film that acts on sugar to form acids that destroy tooth enamel and irritate gums

• Tooth decay occurs when the bacteria in plaque produces acids that destroy tooth enamel

LESSON 2 - CONTINUED

Problems of the Teeth and Mouth

• Halitosis (bad breath) – can be caused by eating certain food, poor oral hygiene, smoking, bacteria on tongue, decayed teeth, or gum disease

4. Peridontal disease – an inflammation of the peridontal structures (caused by bacteria) – gum disease

5. Tartar – hard crust-like substance formed when plaque hardens

• Malocclusion – (bad bite) sometimes corrected by wearing braces

• Oral cancer (cancer of the mouth) , bad breath, and receding gums are all side effects of tobacco use.

LESSON 2 - CONTINUED

LESSON 3 – EYE CARE

• One of the main functions of the eye is to gather light

1. Lacrimal gland – gland that secretes tears into ducts that empty into the eyes

Tears

• Keep the surface of the eyeball moist

• Keep eyeball clear of foreign particles

• Consists of water, salts, and mucus.

• To help protect the eye against infection

Parts of the eye:

2. Sclera – the tough white part of the eye

3. Cornea – a transparent tissue that bends and focuses light before it enters the lens

4. Choroid – a thin structure that lines the inside of the sclera

LESSON 3 - CONTINUED

• The iris is the colored portion of the eye that contains the pupil

• The pupil is the hole through which light reaches the inner eye

5. Retina – light sensitive membrane on which images are cast by the cornea (light sensitive cells made of rods and cones)

6. Vitreous humor – a cavity filled with gelatin like substance that helps the eyeball stay firm

• The lens curves when it focuses on objects that are near

List 4 healthy behaviors that will help keep your eyes healthy

• Follow a well balanced diet – Vitamin A

• Protect your eyes

• Have regular eye exams

• Rest your eyes regularly

LESSON 3 - CONTINUED

Eye Problems:

• Myopia – (nearsightedness) a person cannot see distant objects clearly

• Hyperopia – (farsightedness) near objects appear blurry

• Astigmatism – the eye cannot focus properly

• Strabismus – eyes appear off center, or turned inward or outward

• All of these problems are correctable

Diseases of the Eye

• Detached retina – warning signs include blurred vision or seeing bright flashes of light

• Glaucoma – abnormally high pressure inside the eye, can lead to irreversible damage

• Cataracts – your clear lens (of the eye) becomes cloudy and images appear foggy or blurry – old lens can be removed and replaced with a new artificial lens

• Macular degeneration – when cells of the macula begin to malfunction, leading cause of vision loss for people over 60, no cure and limited treatment

LESSON 3 - CONTINUED

• Sty – an inflamed swelling condition of a sebaceous gland near the eyelash

• Conjunctivitis (pinkeye) – inflammation of the conjunctiva, a thin membrane that covers the sclera lining of the eyelids

• Cones – allow humans to see in color

LESSON 4 – EARS AND HEARING PROTECTION• The ear has 3 main sections

The Outer Ear:

• The visible part of the ear called the auricle

• The auricle helps channel sound waves into the

1. External auditory canal – a passageway about 1 inch long that leads to the remaining portion of the outer ear, the eardrum

• Lined with tiny hairs and glands that produce wax to protect the ear from dust and foreign objects

• Eardrum (tympanic membrane) a thin membrane that acts as a barrier between the outer and middle ear

The Middle Ear:

• Directly behind the eardrum

2. Auditory ossicles – 3 small bones that connect the eardrum to the inner ear (smallest bones in the body)

LESSON 4 - CONTINUED

• Connected to the throat by the eustachian tube

• Tube allows pressure to be equalized on either side of the eardrum when you swallow or yawn

The Inner Ear:

3. Labyrinth – network of curved or spiral passages with 3 main parts

a) Cochlea – area of hearing in the inner ear

b) vestibule – where balanced is controlled

c) Semicircular canals – also where balance is controlled

Healthy Behaviors for Healthy Ears

• Clean them regularly

• Protect the outer ear from injury and extreme cold

• Wear protective gear when playing sports

• Keep foreign objects out of the ear

LESSON 4 - CONTINUED

• See a health care professional if an ear infection is suspected

• Regular hearing tests

• Avoid loud noises (can lead to):

a) Temporary hearing loss

b) Deafness (permanent hearing loss)

Problems of the Ear

Hearing loss can be divided into 2 categories:

• Conductive hearing loss (sound waves are not passed from the outer ear to the inner ear) most common in children due to a build up of fluid

• Sensorineural hearing loss (results from damage to the cochlea, auditory nerve, or the brain)

4. tinnitus – a condition in which a ringing, buzzing, whistling, roaring, hissing, or other sounds is heard in the ear in the absences of external sound

• Natural aging

• Certain health conditions (high blood pressure)

• Over exposure to loud noises

LESSON 4 - CONTINUED

Protect Your Ears

• Lower the volume of the noise

• Wear ear plugs

• Limit the length of time you are exposed to loud noise