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Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824
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Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824.

Dec 27, 2015

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Page 1: Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824.

Chapter 12

The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism

1812-1824

Page 2: Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824.

American Strategy

• Lack of military, old generals= no national unity– 3 prong attack on Canada

• 1813 naval battle more successful

• “Old Ironsides”

• Oliver Hazzard Perry

• Brits attack via Lake Champlain= Thomas Macdonough

Page 3: Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824.

Constitution and Guerrière, 1812The Guerrière was heavily outweighed and outgunned, yet its British captain eagerly—and foolishly—sought combat. His ship was destroyed. Historian Henry Adams later concluded that this duel “raised the United States in one half hour to the rank of a first-class Power in the world.” The buckler on the sword from the USS Constitution commemorates the famous battle. Today the Constitution, berthed in Boston harbor, remains the oldest actively commissioned ship in the U.S. Navy.

Page 4: Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824.

British Strategy

• 3 prong attack- Chesapeake landing, burned DC– Fort McHenry (Francis Scott Key)– Attack on New Orleans– Defender of New Orleans= Andrew

Jackson= national hero– Treaty of Ghent already signed!= restored

honor and nationalism

Page 5: Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824.
Page 6: Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824.

The Treaty of Ghent

• Tsar Alexander I wanted a peace treaty (British ally)

• American envoys 1814

• British demands stalemate

• Victory on Champlain+ war weary British= compromise

• Treaty of Ghent= armistice

• “not 1 inch of territory ceded or lost”

Page 7: Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824.

The Hartford Convention

• New England Federalists– Separate peace or secession

• Hartford Convention: list of grievances

• Announced demands as victory of New Orleans/ Treaty of Ghent announced

Page 8: Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824.

Second War for Independence

• Unimportant internationally, important in US– Military strength– Disapproved of sectionalism– Indian policy– American manufacturing– Canadian nationalism: who controls Great

Lakes?– Isolationism

Page 9: Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824.

Nationalist Pride, ca. 1820Nationalist sentiments swelled in the wake of the War of 1812, as Americans defined their country’s very identity with reference to its antimonarchical origins.

Page 10: Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824.

The American System

• British dumping Tariff of 1816– Mostly for protection

• Henry Clay and the American System– Banking system– Tariff– Roads/canals network

• Madison vetoed states responsibility

• New England opposed

Page 11: Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824.

Henry Clay (1777–1852)This painting hangs in the corridors of the House of Representatives, where Clay worked as a glamorous, eloquent, and ambitious congressman for many years. Best known for promoting his nationalistic “American System” of protective tariffs for eastern manufactures and federally financed canals and highways to benefit the West, Clay is surrounded here by symbols of flourishing agriculture and burgeoning industries in the new nation.

Page 12: Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824.

Monroe and Era of Good Feelings

• Election of 1816 end of Federalists

• Monroe= old and new generations in government

• Era of Good Feelings

• Problems below the surface

Page 13: Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824.

Slavery

• Missouri (slave state) 1819

• Tallmadge Amendment fear in South

• Disturb political balance (Senate divided between slave and free)

• House of Representatives dominated by wealthy, populous North

Page 14: Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824.

Missouri Compromise

• Missouri and Maine– No more slavery in Louisiana Territory

north of 36° 30’– Maintain peace for 15 years– Jefferson: “we have a wolf by the ears and

we can neither hold him nor safely let him go.”

• Monroe reelected 1820

Page 15: Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824.

The Missouri Compromise and Slavery, 1820–1821

Page 16: Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824.

John Marshall

• McCullough vs. Maryland 1819– Implied vs. enumerated powers– Federalism

• Cohens vs. Virginia 1821– US Supreme Court can review state

supreme courts

• Gibbons vs. Ogden 1824– Commerce clause

Page 17: Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824.

John Marshall

• Fletcher vs. Peck 1810 property rights

• Dartmouth College vs. Woodward 1819– contracts

Page 18: Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824.

Florida

• Andrew Jackson and 1st Seminole War

• Entry into Florida

• Monroe’s Cabinet alarmed

• Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and the Adams-Onis Treaty 1819– $5 million– Western boundary set at 42°

Page 19: Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824.

U.S.-British Boundary Settlement, 1818

Page 20: Chapter 12 The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824.

The Monroe Doctrine

• Monroe Doctrine 1823– No European interference in Western

Hemisphere– US wouldn’t interfere in European affairs– Spheres of influence– British navy backing up doctrine– US worried about ourselves– Not a law, a statement used and discarded

as needed