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Chapter 11 The Project Team
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Chapter 11 The Project Team. 222 Learning Objectives The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources.

Dec 31, 2015

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Page 1: Chapter 11 The Project Team. 222 Learning Objectives The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources.

Chapter 11The Project Team

Page 2: Chapter 11 The Project Team. 222 Learning Objectives The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources.

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Learning Objectives

The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources of conflict and approaches to handling

conflict Problem solving Effective time management

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Real World Example Vignette: How to Pick a Project Team Teams need a balanced mix of technical skills, soft skills, and

personalities Keep the team as small as possible- Easier to manage, each member has a

well-defined role, and communication is easier Find team members who have positive attitudes and behaviors- Teams

with members that have a positive outlook, a good work ethic, and respect for others will be more successful

A diverse team can increase the chance for project success- People who have diverse attitudes and decision-making styles can make a high risk project more successful by covering every angle

Familiarity allows the team to be productive- A team that has worked well together before already know each other’s work styles and preferences

Page 4: Chapter 11 The Project Team. 222 Learning Objectives The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources.

Real World Example Vignette: The Collaborative Team A good project team consists of a small number of people with

complementary skills and work styles Once the team is assembled, the project manager must convert them into a

working team Understand the phases of team development Use the following suggested team exercises to prevent conflicts:

Clearly state the purpose for the team at the beginning of the project and repeatedly until it has been completed

Each team member should get to know each other’s strengths and weakness Team members should create standards of behavior

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Page 5: Chapter 11 The Project Team. 222 Learning Objectives The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources.

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Recommendations for Project Managers

Show respect and consideration for all employees, Make sure individuals understand their

responsibilities and the performance standards, Establish good communication, Establish clear individual and group goals, Properly reward teamwork, and Demonstrate loyalty to the team.

Page 6: Chapter 11 The Project Team. 222 Learning Objectives The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources.

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Project Team Development and Effectiveness In many projects, people who have never

worked together are assigned to the same project team.

Personal relationships take time to develop.

Teams evolve through various stages of development.

Page 7: Chapter 11 The Project Team. 222 Learning Objectives The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources.

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Stages of Team Development and Growth

Forming Storming Norming Performing

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Forming First stage in team development. Involves the transition from individual to team. Individuals get acquainted. Members generally have positive expectations. Little work is actually accomplished.

Page 9: Chapter 11 The Project Team. 222 Learning Objectives The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources.

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Forming (Cont.)

Project manager must provided direction and structure.

Individuals do a lot of questioning:What is our purpose? Who are the other team

members? What are they like?

Project constraints must be stated.

Page 10: Chapter 11 The Project Team. 222 Learning Objectives The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources.

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Storming Second stage in team development. Members start to work on their assigned tasks. Members begin to test the limits and flexibility of

the project manager. Conflict and tension increase. Motivation and morale are low.

Page 11: Chapter 11 The Project Team. 222 Learning Objectives The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources.

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Storming (Cont.) Members express their individuality not team

allegiance. Project managers should:

Be somewhat directive.Not become defensive or take issues personally.Provide an understanding and supportive

environment.

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Norming Third stage of team development. Relationships become settled. Interpersonal conflicts have been

resolved. Cohesion begins to develop. Project manager minimizes directiveness. Work performance accelerates and

productivity increases.

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Performing Final stage of team development. Team is highly committed and eager to

achieve the project objective. Level of work performance is high. Communication is open. Members collaborate and help each other.

Page 14: Chapter 11 The Project Team. 222 Learning Objectives The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources.

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Performing (Cont.)

The project manager:Fully delegates responsibility and

authority.Concentrates on project performance.Acts as a mentor.

Page 15: Chapter 11 The Project Team. 222 Learning Objectives The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources.

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Page 16: Chapter 11 The Project Team. 222 Learning Objectives The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources.

Why is it so hard for us to get along? Why do we have to work at this

stuff? Why don’t we all agree with the

same approach? Or answer? Or even on what the problem is in the first place?

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Page 17: Chapter 11 The Project Team. 222 Learning Objectives The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources.

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The Effective Project Team Characteristics of effective project teams:

a clear understanding of the project objective clear expectations of each person’s role and

responsibilities a results orientation a high degree of cooperation and collaboration

Page 18: Chapter 11 The Project Team. 222 Learning Objectives The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources.

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Barriers to Team Effectiveness Unclear Goals Unclear Definition of Roles and

Responsibilities Lack of Project Structure Lack of Commitment Poor Communication Poor Leadership Turnover of Project Team Members Dysfunctional Behavior

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Characteristics of Effective Team Members

Plan, control, and feel accountable for their individual work efforts.

Have high expectations. Are self-directed and follow through on

assignments. Take pride in doing quality work. Participate and communicate. Are problem identifiers and problem

solvers.

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Effective Team Members (Cont.) Put the success of the project above

personal gain. It has been said that there is no I in TEAM

—there are no individual winners or losers.

Page 21: Chapter 11 The Project Team. 222 Learning Objectives The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources.

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Team Building

Team building is an ongoing process. It is the responsibility of the project manager and

the project team. Socialization among team members supports team

building. The project team can initiate social events to

celebrate project events.

Page 22: Chapter 11 The Project Team. 222 Learning Objectives The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources.

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Team Meetings

The team can periodically call team meetings. The purpose is to discuss questions such as:

How are we working as a team? What barriers are impeding teamwork?What can we do to overcome these barriers? What can we do to improve teamwork?

Only team-related issues should be discussed

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Conflict on Projects You might think conflict is bad and should be

avoided. Conflict is inevitable and can be beneficial. Differences of opinion are natural and must be

expected. It provides many opportunities for growth.

Page 24: Chapter 11 The Project Team. 222 Learning Objectives The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources.

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Sources of Conflict

Work Scope Resources Assignments Schedule Cost Priorities Organizational Issues Personal Differences

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Handling Conflict Conflict should be handled by those

involved. Handled properly, conflict can be

beneficial. Conflict stimulates discussion. Conflict can foster creativity. Conflict can help team building.

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Approaches to Handling Conflict Avoiding or Withdrawing Competing or Forcing Accommodating or Smoothing

Value placed on relationship Compromising

Find intermediate position Collaborating, Confronting or

Problem Solving

Page 27: Chapter 11 The Project Team. 222 Learning Objectives The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources.

Ethical Behavior Ethical behavior is necessary within a

project organization, and in project business relationships with customers, suppliers, and subcontractors.

Customers and suppliers want to do business with people they can trust. Project manager and team members must

communicate information to the customer Withholding or falsifying information is

unacceptable 27

Page 28: Chapter 11 The Project Team. 222 Learning Objectives The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources.

Ethical Behavior (Cont.) A project may present many opportunities for

unethical behavior or misconduct It is the project manager’s responsibility to set the

tone and expectations and to exemplify ethical behavior

To help prevent wrongdoing, organizations must: Have a policy on ethical behavior Conduct training sessions on ethical behavior

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Page 29: Chapter 11 The Project Team. 222 Learning Objectives The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources.

Ethical Behavior (Cont.) Project members should bring possible ethical

situations to the attention of the project manager. A non-threatening reporting process is essential

If wrongdoing is reported, the project organization must thoroughly investigate the allegations for the facts versus hearsay to determine if any disciplinary action should be taken

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Page 30: Chapter 11 The Project Team. 222 Learning Objectives The development and growth of teams Characteristics of effective project teams Team building Sources.

Ethical Behavior (Cont.) Ethical behavior is everyone’s responsibility.

Team members must feel accountable for their actions Personal integrity is essential

Use Peer pressure when team members engage in questionable behavior Do not agree with, or condone such behavior

Key principles to guide ethical behavior: Treat others the way you want to be treated Don’t do anything you wouldn’t want your family, friends,

neighbors or co-workers to read about in the newspaper or hear on the news

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Nine-Step Approach to Problem Solving Develop a problem statement. Identify potential causes of the problem. Gather data and verify the likely causes. Identify possible solutions. Evaluate the alternative solutions. Determine the best solution. Revise the project plan. Implement the solution. Determine if the problem has been solved.

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Brainstorming Used in problem solving in which all

members contribute spontaneous ideas. A way to generate a lot of ideas and have

fun. The quantity of ideas is more important

than the quality of ideas. Members should be encouraged to come

up with novel ideas.

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Brainstorming: The Process The team sits around a table, with a

facilitator at a flip chart to record ideas. Each member states an idea in turn. Some people will come up with ideas that

build on ideas previously mentioned. This process continues until no one can

come up with any more ideas or the time limit is up.

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Brainstorming: Two Rules No immediate discussion of ideas No judgmental comments

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Time Management Some suggestions for effectively

managing your time:At the end of each week, identify several goals for

the following week. At the end of each day, make a to-do list. Read the daily to-do list each day. Control interruptions. Learn to say no.Make effective use of waiting time.

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Time Management (cont.) More suggestions:

Try to handle paperwork only once.Reward yourself at the end of the week if you

accomplished all your goals.