2 - 1 Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005 The Foundat ion of Econ omics Employment and Efficie ncy Unemploymen t, Growth, and the Fut ure Economic Sy stems The Circula r Flow Mode l Key Terms Previo us Slide Next Slid e End End Show Show The Economizi ng Problem 2 C H A P T E R
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2 - 1Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
The Economizing
Problem2C H A P T E R
2 - 2Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
THE FOUNDATION OF ECONOMICS
SOCIETY HAS VIRTUALLYUNLIMITED WANTS...
2 - 3Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
BUT LIMITED OR SCARCEPRODUCTIVE RESOURCES!
SOCIETY HAS VIRTUALLYUNLIMITED WANTS...
THE FOUNDATION OF ECONOMICS
2 - 4Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
GOODS & SERVICES PROVIDE...
UTILITY
2 - 5Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
LUXURIES
GOODS & SERVICES PROVIDE...
UTILITY
2 - 6Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
LUXURIES vs. NECESSITIES
GOODS & SERVICES PROVIDE...
UTILITY
2 - 7Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
PROPERTY RESOURCES
LAND
SCARCE RESOURCESECONOMIC RESOURCES
2 - 8Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
PROPERTY RESOURCES
LAND
CAPITAL
SCARCE RESOURCESECONOMIC RESOURCES
2 - 9Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
PROPERTY RESOURCES
LAND
CAPITAL
SCARCE RESOURCESECONOMIC RESOURCES
Notes...
INVESTMENT
FINANCIALCAPITAL
REALCAPITAL
2 - 10Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
PROPERTY RESOURCES
LAND
CAPITAL
HUMAN RESOURCES
SCARCE RESOURCESECONOMIC RESOURCES
2 - 11Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
PROPERTY RESOURCES
LAND
CAPITAL
HUMAN RESOURCES
LABOR
SCARCE RESOURCESECONOMIC RESOURCES
2 - 12Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
PROPERTY RESOURCES
LAND
CAPITAL
HUMAN RESOURCES
LABOR
ENTREPRENEURIAL ABILITY
SCARCE RESOURCESECONOMIC RESOURCES
Also knownas the
InputFactors ofProduction
2 - 13Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
ENTREPRENEURIAL ABILITY
Takes The InitiativeMakes Strategic Business Decisions Innovator
The Risk Bearer
2 - 14Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
RESOURCE PAYMENTS
RENTALINCOME
INTERESTINCOME
WAGESPROFIT &
LOSS
PROPERTY RESOURCES
LAND
CAPITAL
HUMAN RESOURCES
LABOR
ENTREPRENEUR
2 - 15Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
Productive Efficiency
Full Employment
Full Production
Allocative Efficiency
ECONOMICS & EFFICIENCY
2 - 16Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
Assumes...Full Employment
and ProductiveEfficiency
Fixed ResourcesFixed TechnologyTwo Goods
for example...
2 - 17Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
Assumes...Full Employment
and ProductiveEfficiency
Fixed ResourcesFixed TechnologyTwo Goods
for example...
PIZZA
A Consumer Good
2 - 18Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
Two Goods
Fixed ResourcesFixed Technology
Assumes...Full Employment
and ProductiveEfficiency
PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
for example...
Robots
A Capital Good
2 - 19Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
Using all of our resources, to get some pizza, we must give
up some robots!for example...
What if we could only produce ...10,000 Robots
or
400,000 Pizzas
PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
2 - 20Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
PIZZA 0 1 2 3 4(in hundred thousands)
ROBOTS 10 9 7 4 0(in thousands)
in table form
PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
2 - 21Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
PIZZA 0 1 2 3 4(in hundred thousands)
ROBOTS 10 9 7 4 0(in thousands)
in table form
graphical formR
ob
ots
(th
ou
san
ds)
Pizzas (hundred thousands)
PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
2 - 22Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
PIZZA 0 1 2 3 4(in hundred thousands)
ROBOTS 10 9 7 4 0(in thousands)
in table form
graphical formR
ob
ots
(th
ou
san
ds)
Pizzas (hundred thousands)
PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
2 - 23Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
PIZZA 0 1 2 3 4(in hundred thousands)
ROBOTS 10 9 7 4 0(in thousands)
in table form
graphical formR
ob
ots
(th
ou
san
ds)
Pizzas (hundred thousands)
PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
2 - 24Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
PIZZA 0 1 2 3 4(in hundred thousands)
ROBOTS 10 9 7 4 0(in thousands)
in table form
graphical formR
ob
ots
(th
ou
san
ds)
Pizzas (hundred thousands)
PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
2 - 25Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
PIZZA 0 1 2 3 4(in hundred thousands)
ROBOTS 10 9 7 4 0(in thousands)
in table form
graphical formR
ob
ots
(th
ou
san
ds)
Pizzas (hundred thousands)
PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
2 - 26Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
PIZZA 0 1 2 3 4(in hundred thousands)
ROBOTS 10 9 7 4 0(in thousands)
in table form
graphical formR
ob
ots
(th
ou
san
ds)
Pizzas (hundred thousands)
PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
2 - 27Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
At any point in time, a full-employment, full-production economy must sacrifice some of product X to obtain more of product Y.
PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIESLimited Resources meansa limited output...
2 - 28Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
Q
QQ
Ro
bo
ts (t
ho
usa
nd
s)
Pizzas (hundred thousands)
1413121110 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A B
C
D
E
W
Attainablebut
Inefficient
Unattainable
Attainable& Efficient
PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
2 - 29Copyright McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005
The Foundation of Economics
Employment and Efficiency
Unemployment, Growth, and the Future
Economic Systems
The Circular Flow Model
Key Terms
PreviousSlide
NextSlide
EndEndShowShow
Q
Q
Ro
bo
ts (t
ho
usa
nd
s)
Pizzas (hundred thousands)
1413121110 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
A B
C
D
E
W
Attainablebut
Inefficient
Unattainable
Attainable& Efficient
PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES
Notes...
The amount of other products that must beforgone or sacrificed to obtain 1 unit of a specific product is called the opportunity cost of that good.
production possibilities tableproduction possibilities curveopportunity costlaw of increasing opportunity costseconomic growtheconomic systemmarket systemcapitalismcommand system resource marketproduct marketcircular flow model