CHANGES ON THE WESTERN FRONTIER CHAPTER 5: Honors US History Mr. Basich.

CHANGES ON THE CHANGES ON THE WESTERN FRONTIERWESTERN FRONTIER

CHAPTER 5:CHAPTER 5:

Honors US HistoryHonors US History

Mr. BasichMr. Basich

Timeline: What’s Going On?Timeline: What’s Going On?

World:World: 1869 – Suez Canal is 1869 – Suez Canal is

opened.opened. 1900 – Boxer 1900 – Boxer

Rebellion takes place Rebellion takes place in China.in China.

United States:United States: 1881 – James 1881 – James

Garfield is Garfield is assassinated – assassinated – Chester Arthur Chester Arthur becomes President.becomes President.

1890 – Sioux are 1890 – Sioux are massacred at massacred at Wounded Knee.Wounded Knee.

Section 1: ObjectivesSection 1: Objectives

By the end of this lesson I By the end of this lesson I will be able to:will be able to:

1. Contrast the cultures of 1. Contrast the cultures of Native Americans and Native Americans and white settlers and explain white settlers and explain why white settlers moved why white settlers moved west.west.

2. Identify restrictions 2. Identify restrictions imposed by the imposed by the government on Native government on Native Americans and describe Americans and describe the consequences.the consequences.

3. Identify the 3. Identify the government’s policy of government’s policy of assimilation as well as assimilation as well as continuing conflicts continuing conflicts between Native between Native Americans and settlers.Americans and settlers.

4. Trace the development 4. Trace the development of the cattle industry.of the cattle industry.

5. Describe both the myth 5. Describe both the myth and reality of the and reality of the American cowboy and American cowboy and explain the end of the explain the end of the open range.open range.

Section 1: Cultures Clash On The PrairieSection 1: Cultures Clash On The Prairie

Main IdeaMain Idea: The cattle : The cattle industry boomed in the industry boomed in the late 1800’s, as the culture late 1800’s, as the culture of the Plains Indians of the Plains Indians declined.declined.

Why it Matters NowWhy it Matters Now: : Today, ranchers and Today, ranchers and Plains Indians work to Plains Indians work to preserve their cultural preserve their cultural traditions.traditions.

Key Terms:Key Terms: Great PlainsGreat Plains Treaty of Fort LaramieTreaty of Fort Laramie Assimilation Assimilation Dawes ActDawes Act Battle of Wounded KneeBattle of Wounded Knee

Key Terms / Names:Key Terms / Names: Sitting BullSitting Bull George A. CusterGeorge A. Custer LonghornLonghorn Chisholm TrailChisholm Trail Long DriveLong Drive

How is everyone feeling today?How is everyone feeling today?

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Ave

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0% 0% 0%0%0%

1.1. GreatGreat

2.2. GoodGood

3.3. AverageAverage

4.4. Not so goodNot so good

5.5. BadBad20

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SECTION 1: CULTURES CLASH SECTION 1: CULTURES CLASH ON THE PRAIRIEON THE PRAIRIE

The culture of the Plains The culture of the Plains Indians rarely had come in Indians rarely had come in contact with European-contact with European-Americans.Americans.

The The Osage Osage and theand the Iowa Iowa had had hunted and planted in the hunted and planted in the Great plains for over 100 Great plains for over 100 yearsyears

Great PlainsGreat Plains – the grassland – the grassland extending through the west-extending through the west-central portion of the US.central portion of the US.

THE PLAINS

THE HORSE AND THE BUFFALOTHE HORSE AND THE BUFFALO

Spain introduced the Spain introduced the Buffalo in 1598 thus Buffalo in 1598 thus allowing faster and longer allowing faster and longer hunting tripshunting trips

While the horse provided While the horse provided speed and mobility, it was speed and mobility, it was the buffalo that provided the buffalo that provided for basic needs.for basic needs.

The Sioux and Cheyenne The Sioux and Cheyenne tribes hunted buffalotribes hunted buffalo

BUFFALO WERE USED FOR FOOD, SHELTER AND CLOTHING

FAMILY LIFE ON THE PLAINSFAMILY LIFE ON THE PLAINS

Small extended families Small extended families were the norm were the norm

Men were hunters, while Men were hunters, while women helped butcher women helped butcher the game and prepare itthe game and prepare it

This is called a hunter-This is called a hunter-gatherer community.gatherer community.

Tribes were very spiritual Tribes were very spiritual and land was communaland land was communal

Why was the buffalo more important to the Why was the buffalo more important to the Indians than the horse?Indians than the horse?

0% 0%0%0%

1.1. They were more They were more plentifulplentiful

2.2. They were fasterThey were faster

3.3. They could be They could be used for many used for many purposespurposes

4.4. They weren’t They weren’t more importantmore important

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SETTLERS PUSH SETTLERS PUSH WESTWARDWESTWARD

The white settlers who The white settlers who pushed westward had pushed westward had a different idea about a different idea about land ownershipland ownership

Concluding that the Concluding that the plains were “unsettled, plains were “unsettled, “ thousands advanced “ thousands advanced to claim landto claim land

Gold being discovered Gold being discovered in Colorado only in Colorado only intensified the rush for intensified the rush for land land

A COVERED WAGON HEADS WEST

THE GOVERNMENT RESTRICTS THE GOVERNMENT RESTRICTS NATIVESNATIVES

As more and more As more and more settlers headed west, settlers headed west, the U.S. government the U.S. government increasingly protected increasingly protected their intereststheir interests

Railroad Companies Railroad Companies also influenced also influenced government decisionsgovernment decisions

RAILROADS GREATLY IMPACTED NATIVE LIFE

Why did the settlers continue to Why did the settlers continue to pursue land in the West?pursue land in the West?

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The government su... The railroads sup...

They found gold All of the above

1.1. The government The government supported themsupported them

2.2. The railroads The railroads supported themsupported them

3.3. They found goldThey found gold

4.4. All of the aboveAll of the above

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NATIVES AND SETTLERS NATIVES AND SETTLERS CLASHCLASH

1834 – Government set aside 1834 – Government set aside all of the Great Plains as all of the Great Plains as “Indian lands”“Indian lands”

1850s- Government shifts 1850s- Government shifts policy, giving natives much policy, giving natives much smaller landssmaller lands

The Indians continued to hunt The Indians continued to hunt on “their” landon “their” land

Many deaths ensuedMany deaths ensued 1864 - Massacre at Sand 1864 - Massacre at Sand

CreekCreek; US Army attack killing ; US Army attack killing 150 native women and 150 native women and children children

““I want no peace till the I want no peace till the Indians suffer more.” – US Indians suffer more.” – US Army Commander S.R. CurtisArmy Commander S.R. Curtis

Death On The Bozeman Trail:Death On The Bozeman Trail: Bozeman TrailBozeman Trail – ran – ran

directly through Sioux directly through Sioux hunting grounds.hunting grounds.

Whites and Indians Whites and Indians fought over this land.fought over this land.

The Treaty of LaramieThe Treaty of Laramie closed the trail and closed the trail and moved the Indians to a moved the Indians to a reservation.reservation.

This provided a This provided a temporary halt to warfaretemporary halt to warfare

Sitting BullSitting Bull - the leader of - the leader of the Sioux, didn’t sign the the Sioux, didn’t sign the treaty.treaty.

What was the best reason why the Indians What was the best reason why the Indians didn’t want to give up their land?didn’t want to give up their land?

0%0%0%0%

Money Hunting Room for m... None of th...

1.1. MoneyMoney

2.2. Hunting Hunting

3.3. Room for more Room for more homeshomes

4.4. None of the aboveNone of the above

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OTHER CONFLICTS AND OTHER CONFLICTS AND BATTLESBATTLES

Conflicts continued Conflicts continued including; Fetterman including; Fetterman Massacre and Red River Massacre and Red River WarWar

Custer’s Last StandCuster’s Last Stand occurred in early 1876 occurred in early 1876 when when Colonel George A. Colonel George A. CusterCuster reached Little Big reached Little Big HornHorn

Led by Led by Crazy Horse and Crazy Horse and Sitting BullSitting Bull, the natives , the natives outflanked and crushed outflanked and crushed Custer’s troopsCuster’s troops

ONE OF THE FEW NATIVE VICTORIES WAS LITTLE BIG

HORN

How did you like using the clickers?How did you like using the clickers?

0% 0%0%0%

1.1. It was greatIt was great

2.2. I liked itI liked it

3.3. It was okIt was ok

4.4. I didn’t like itI didn’t like it

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The Battle of Little Big HornThe Battle of Little Big Horn

What was the main reason why What was the main reason why Custer was beat by Sitting Bull?Custer was beat by Sitting Bull?

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The Indians had s... Custer’s troops d...

The Indians had a... Custer ran out of...

1.1. The Indians had The Indians had superior weaponrysuperior weaponry

2.2. Custer’s troops Custer’s troops didn’t want to fightdidn’t want to fight

3.3. The Indians had a The Indians had a tactical advantagetactical advantage

4.4. Custer ran out of Custer ran out of ammunitionammunition

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Did You Have a Nice Weekend?Did You Have a Nice Weekend?

Yes N

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1.1. YesYes

2.2. NoNo

3.3. It wasn’t badIt wasn’t bad

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THE DAWES ACT - 1887THE DAWES ACT - 1887 The Dawes Act of 1887 The Dawes Act of 1887

attempted to assimilate attempted to assimilate nativesnatives

AssimilationAssimilation – A plan under – A plan under which Native Americans which Native Americans would give up their beliefs would give up their beliefs and way of life and become and way of life and become a part of the white culture.a part of the white culture.

The Dawes ActThe Dawes Act called for called for the break up of the break up of reservations and the reservations and the introduction of natives into introduction of natives into American lifeAmerican life

By 1932, 2/3rds of the land By 1932, 2/3rds of the land committed to Natives had committed to Natives had been takenbeen takenFAMOUS DEPICTION OF NATIVE

STRUGGLE

NATIVE LANDS BY 1894

What was the point of the Dawes What was the point of the Dawes Act?Act?

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To get the Indian... To allow the Indi...

To force the Indi... To give the India...

20

1.1. To get the Indians to act To get the Indians to act more like the settlersmore like the settlers

2.2. To allow the Indians to To allow the Indians to live in peacelive in peace

3.3. To force the Indians to To force the Indians to work for the settlerswork for the settlers

4.4. To give the Indians To give the Indians money for their troublesmoney for their troubles

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THE DESTRUCTION OF THE THE DESTRUCTION OF THE BUFFALOBUFFALO

The most significant blow The most significant blow to tribal life on the plains to tribal life on the plains was the destruction of the was the destruction of the buffalobuffalo

Tourist and fur traders Tourist and fur traders shot buffalo for sportshot buffalo for sport

1800: 65 million buffalo 1800: 65 million buffalo roamed the plainsroamed the plains

1890: less than 1000 1890: less than 1000 remainedremained

The settlers killing the buffalo was:The settlers killing the buffalo was:

0%0%0%0%

An insult ... Harmful to... A way to c... All of the...

1.1. An insult to the An insult to the IndiansIndians

2.2. Harmful to the Harmful to the Indians food Indians food supplysupply

3.3. A way to control A way to control the Indiansthe Indians

4.4. All of the aboveAll of the above

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BATTLE OF WOUNDED KNEEBATTLE OF WOUNDED KNEE On December 29, 1890, On December 29, 1890,

the Seventh Cavalry the Seventh Cavalry (Custer’s old regiment) (Custer’s old regiment) rounded up 350 Sioux rounded up 350 Sioux and took them to and took them to Wounded Knee, S.D.Wounded Knee, S.D.

A shot was fired – within A shot was fired – within minutes the Seventh minutes the Seventh Cavalry Cavalry slaughtered 300slaughtered 300 unarmed Nativesunarmed Natives

This event brought the This event brought the ““Indian Wars”–Indian Wars”– and an and an entire era to a bitter end entire era to a bitter end

HUNDREDS OF CORPSES WERE LEFT TO FREEZE ON

THE GROUND

CATTLE BECOMES BIG CATTLE BECOMES BIG BUSINESSBUSINESS

Ranching became Ranching became increasingly profitable increasingly profitable

Texas rangers learned how Texas rangers learned how to handle the Texas to handle the Texas LonghornsLonghorns – sturdy horses – sturdy horses accustomed to the dry accustomed to the dry grasslands - from Mexican grasslands - from Mexican rangersrangers

Lots of vocabulary came Lots of vocabulary came from the Mexican Vaquerosfrom the Mexican Vaqueros

VOCABULARY BORROWEDVOCABULARY BORROWED Vanilla, bronco, Vanilla, bronco,

mustang, chaps, mustang, chaps, mosquito, pronto, tuna, mosquito, pronto, tuna, stampede, tornado, stampede, tornado, chili, cigar, shack, chili, cigar, shack, savvy, siesta, wrangler, savvy, siesta, wrangler, lasso, lariat, ranch, lasso, lariat, ranch, corral, burro, canyon, corral, burro, canyon, bandit, fiesta, guerrilla, bandit, fiesta, guerrilla, hurricane, matador, hurricane, matador, plaza, rodeo, vigilante, plaza, rodeo, vigilante, desperado, cockroach, desperado, cockroach, buckaroo buckaroo

GROWING DEMAND FOR BEEFGROWING DEMAND FOR BEEF

After the Civil War the After the Civil War the demand for beef surgeddemand for beef surged

Urbanization (more Urbanization (more people) and the rise of people) and the rise of the railroad was the railroad was instrumental in the instrumental in the increase of beef increase of beef consumptionconsumption

Chicago Union Stock Chicago Union Stock Yards was a famous Yards was a famous market after 1865 market after 1865 POSTCARD OF

CHICAGO UNION STOCK YARDS

COW TOWN & THE TRAILCOW TOWN & THE TRAIL Abilene, KansasAbilene, Kansas became became

famous for being a place famous for being a place where the where the Chisholm TrailChisholm Trail – Major cattle route -met – Major cattle route -met the railroadsthe railroads

Tens of thousands of Tens of thousands of cattle came from Texas cattle came from Texas through Oklahoma to through Oklahoma to Abilene via the famous Abilene via the famous Chisholm trailChisholm trail

Once in Abilene the cattle Once in Abilene the cattle would board rail cars for would board rail cars for destinations across the destinations across the countrycountry

What led to the growing demand for What led to the growing demand for beef?beef?

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1.1. The destruction of The destruction of the Indiansthe Indians

2.2. The growth of The growth of citiescities

3.3. The amount of The amount of work the ranches work the ranches were doingwere doing

4.4. None of the aboveNone of the above0of32

THE END OF THE OPEN RANGETHE END OF THE OPEN RANGE

Almost as soon as Almost as soon as ranching became ranching became big business, the big business, the cattle frontier met cattle frontier met its endits end

Overgrazing, bad Overgrazing, bad weather, and the weather, and the invention of barbed invention of barbed wire were wire were responsibleresponsible

A Day In The Life Of A Cowboy:A Day In The Life Of A Cowboy:

Did We Meet Our Objectives?Did We Meet Our Objectives? Can You:Can You: 1. Contrast the cultures of Native 1. Contrast the cultures of Native

Americans and white settlers and Americans and white settlers and explain why white settlers moved west.explain why white settlers moved west.

2. Identify restrictions imposed by the 2. Identify restrictions imposed by the government on Native Americans and government on Native Americans and describe the consequences.describe the consequences.

3. Identify the government’s policy of 3. Identify the government’s policy of assimilation as well as continuing assimilation as well as continuing conflicts between Native Americans conflicts between Native Americans and settlers.and settlers.

4. Trace the development of the cattle 4. Trace the development of the cattle industry.industry.

5. Describe both the myth and reality 5. Describe both the myth and reality of the American cowboy and explain of the American cowboy and explain the end of the open range.the end of the open range.

Section 2: ObjectivesSection 2: Objectives

By the end of this lesson, By the end of this lesson, I will be able to:I will be able to:

1. Explain the rapid 1. Explain the rapid settlement of the Great settlement of the Great Plains due to Plains due to homesteading.homesteading.

2. Describe how early 2. Describe how early settlers survived on the settlers survived on the plains and transformed plains and transformed them into profitable farm them into profitable farm land.land.

Section 2: Settling On The Great PlainsSection 2: Settling On The Great Plains

Main IdeaMain Idea: Settlers on the : Settlers on the Great Plains transformed Great Plains transformed the land despite great the land despite great hardships.hardships.

Why it Matters NowWhy it Matters Now: The : The Great Plains region Great Plains region remains the breadbasket remains the breadbasket of the United States.of the United States.

Key Terms:Key Terms: Homestead ActHomestead Act ExodusterExoduster SoddySoddy

Key Terms:Key Terms: Morrill ActMorrill Act Bonanza FarmBonanza Farm

Spirit Week Makes Me Feel:Spirit Week Makes Me Feel:

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1.1. Extremely HappyExtremely Happy

2.2. HappyHappy

3.3. Nothing at allNothing at all

4.4. UnhappyUnhappy

5.5. Extremely Extremely UnhappyUnhappy

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SECTION 2: SETTLING ON THE SECTION 2: SETTLING ON THE GREAT PLAINSGREAT PLAINS

Federal land policy Federal land policy and the completion of and the completion of the transcontinental the transcontinental railroad led to the railroad led to the rapid settlementrapid settlement of of American westAmerican west

1862 – Congress 1862 – Congress passed passed Homestead Homestead ActAct which allowed which allowed 160 free acres to any 160 free acres to any “head of household”“head of household”

The transcontinental railroad was completed in 1868. The Central Pacific and Union Pacific railroads met in Promontory Point, Utah

and laid a Golden Spike

The Homestead Act’s main goal The Homestead Act’s main goal was to:was to:

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1.1. Provide settlers with Provide settlers with food to livefood to live

2.2. Provide settlers with Provide settlers with enough land to start enough land to start their livestheir lives

3.3. Provide settlers with Provide settlers with nothing.nothing.

4.4. None of the aboveNone of the above

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EXODUSTERS MOVE WESTEXODUSTERS MOVE WEST

African Americans African Americans who moved from the who moved from the post-Reconstruction post-Reconstruction South to Kansas South to Kansas were called were called ExodustersExodusters

Many exodusters Many exodusters took advantage of took advantage of land deals land deals

OKLAHOMA SOONERSOKLAHOMA SOONERS In 1889, a major In 1889, a major

governmental land governmental land giveaway in what is now giveaway in what is now Oklahoma attracted Oklahoma attracted thousandsthousands

In less than a day, 2 In less than a day, 2 million acres were claimed million acres were claimed by settlersby settlers

Some took possession Some took possession before the government before the government had officially declared it had officially declared it open – thus Oklahoma open – thus Oklahoma became known as the became known as the “Sooner State”“Sooner State”

What were the African American What were the African American settlers called?settlers called?

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Sooners Exodusters Settlers Natives

20

1.1. SoonersSooners

2.2. ExodustersExodusters

3.3. SettlersSettlers

4.4. NativesNatives

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SETTLERS ENCOUNTER SETTLERS ENCOUNTER HARDSHIPSHARDSHIPS

The frontier settlers The frontier settlers faced faced extreme extreme hardshipshardships – droughts, – droughts, floods, fires, blizzards, floods, fires, blizzards, locust plagues, and locust plagues, and banditsbandits

Despite hardships, the Despite hardships, the number of people number of people living west of the living west of the Mississippi grew from Mississippi grew from 1% of the nation’s 1% of the nation’s population in 1850 to population in 1850 to almost 30% in 1900almost 30% in 1900

LOCUST SWARM

DUGOUTS & SODDIESDUGOUTS & SODDIES Most settlers Most settlers

built their built their homes from the homes from the land itselfland itself

Pioneers often Pioneers often dug their dug their homes out of homes out of the sides of the sides of ravines or hills ravines or hills (Dugouts)(Dugouts)

Those in the Those in the flat plains made flat plains made freestanding freestanding homes made of homes made of turf turf (Soddies)(Soddies)

DUGOUT

SODDY

Which one of these hardships did Which one of these hardships did the settlers NOT face?the settlers NOT face?

0%0%0%0%

Droughts Floods Hurricanes Locust swarms

1.1. DroughtsDroughts

2.2. FloodsFloods

3.3. HurricanesHurricanes

4.4. Locust swarmsLocust swarms

20Seconds

Remaining

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INCREASED TECHNOLOGY INCREASED TECHNOLOGY HELPS FARMERSHELPS FARMERS

1837 – 1837 – John DeereJohn Deere invented a steel plow that invented a steel plow that could slice through heavy could slice through heavy soilsoil

1847 – 1847 – Cyrus McCormickCyrus McCormick mass-produced a reaping mass-produced a reaping machinemachine

Other inventions included Other inventions included a grain drill to plant seed, a grain drill to plant seed, barbed wire, and corn barbed wire, and corn binderbinder

JOHN DEERE’S STEEL PLOW HAD TO BE PULLED BY A HORSE OR

MULE

FARMER EDUCATION FARMER EDUCATION SUPPORTEDSUPPORTED

The federal The federal government financed government financed agricultural educationagricultural education

The Morrill ActsThe Morrill Acts of of 1862 and 1890 gave 1862 and 1890 gave federal land to states federal land to states to help finance to help finance agricultural collegesagricultural colleges

Which two inventions helped Which two inventions helped farmers?farmers?

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Tractor and plow Lawn mower and sc...

Steel plow and re... Barbed wire and w...

:201.1. Tractor and plowTractor and plow

2.2. Lawn mower and Lawn mower and scythescythe

3.3. Steel plow and Steel plow and reaping machinereaping machine

4.4. Barbed wire and Barbed wire and water purifierwater purifier

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ECONOMIC DISTRESS HITS ECONOMIC DISTRESS HITS FARMERSFARMERS

Between 1867 and 1887 the Between 1867 and 1887 the price of a bushel of wheat fell price of a bushel of wheat fell from $2.00 to 68 centsfrom $2.00 to 68 cents

Railroads conspired to keep Railroads conspired to keep transport costs artificially hightransport costs artificially high

Farmers got caught in a cycle Farmers got caught in a cycle of debtof debt

The farmers needed to The farmers needed to produce more crops to keep produce more crops to keep up.up.

A new type of farm emerged A new type of farm emerged called a Bonanza farm.called a Bonanza farm.

Bonanza FarmBonanza Farm – huge single- – huge single-crop farms of 15,000 – 50,000 crop farms of 15,000 – 50,000 acres.acres.

Did We Meet Our Objectives?Did We Meet Our Objectives?

Can You:Can You: 1. Explain the rapid 1. Explain the rapid

settlement of the settlement of the Great Plains due to Great Plains due to homesteading.homesteading.

2. Describe how early 2. Describe how early settlers survived on settlers survived on the plains and the plains and transformed them into transformed them into profitable farm land.profitable farm land.

Section 3: ObjectivesSection 3: Objectives

By the end of this By the end of this lesson, I will be able lesson, I will be able to:to:

1. Identify the 1. Identify the problems farmers problems farmers faced and their faced and their cooperative efforts to cooperative efforts to solve them.solve them.

2. Explain the rise 2. Explain the rise and fall of the Populist and fall of the Populist Party.Party.

Section 3: Farmers And The Section 3: Farmers And The Populist MovementPopulist Movement

Main IdeaMain Idea: Farmers : Farmers united to address their united to address their economic problems, economic problems, giving rise to the Populist giving rise to the Populist movement.movement.

Why it Matters NowWhy it Matters Now: Many : Many of the Populist reform of the Populist reform issues, such as income tax issues, such as income tax and legally protected rights and legally protected rights of workers, are now taken of workers, are now taken for granted.for granted.

Key Terms:Key Terms: GrangeGrange Farmers’ AlliancesFarmers’ Alliances PopulismPopulism BimetallismBimetallism Gold StandardGold Standard

Key Names:Key Names: Oliver Hudson KelleyOliver Hudson Kelley William McKinleyWilliam McKinley William Jennings BryanWilliam Jennings Bryan

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1.1. Staying homeStaying home

2.2. Going out of townGoing out of town

3.3. Not sureNot sure

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What issue(s) were the farmers What issue(s) were the farmers facing during this time period?facing during this time period?

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1.1. Tough weatherTough weather

2.2. Decrease in crop Decrease in crop pricesprices

3.3. Tough legislation Tough legislation from the Railroadsfrom the Railroads

4.4. DebtDebt

5.5. All of the aboveAll of the above

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SECTION 3: FARMERS AND THE SECTION 3: FARMERS AND THE POPULIST MOVEMENTPOPULIST MOVEMENT

In the late 1800s, In the late 1800s, many farmers were many farmers were strugglingstruggling

Crop prices were Crop prices were falling, debt falling, debt increasedincreased

Mortgages were Mortgages were being being foreclosedforeclosed by by banksbanks

FARMERS ORGANIZE FOR FARMERS ORGANIZE FOR CHANGECHANGE

1867 – 1867 – Oliver Hudson Oliver Hudson KelleyKelley started the started the Patrons of Husbandry,Patrons of Husbandry, an organization for an organization for farmers that became farmers that became known as the known as the Grange Grange

By 1870, the Grange By 1870, the Grange spent most of their time spent most of their time fighting the railroadsfighting the railroads

Soon the Grange and Soon the Grange and other other Farmer AlliancesFarmer Alliances – – (Those who (Those who sympathized with sympathized with farmers) numbered over farmers) numbered over 4 million 4 million membersmembers

Why were the farmers fighting the Why were the farmers fighting the Railroads?Railroads?

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They weren’t trav... The seats were un...

They were chargin... None of the above

1.1. They weren’t They weren’t traveling to their traveling to their townstowns

2.2. The seats were The seats were uncomfortableuncomfortable

3.3. They were charging They were charging high prices to use high prices to use their services.their services.

4.4. None of the aboveNone of the above

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POPULIST PARTY IS BORNPOPULIST PARTY IS BORN

Leaders of the Leaders of the farmers organization farmers organization realized they needed realized they needed to build a base of to build a base of political powerpolitical power

PopulismPopulism – the – the movement of the movement of the people – was born in people – was born in 1892 with the 1892 with the founding of the founding of the Populist, or People’s Populist, or People’s Party Party

THIS POLITICAL CARTOON SHOWS A POPULIST

CLUBBING A RAILROAD CAR

What was the main goal of the What was the main goal of the populist party?populist party?

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1.1. To protect the people To protect the people (farmers) from unjust (farmers) from unjust business practicesbusiness practices

2.2. To enhance their own To enhance their own political powerpolitical power

3.3. To try to run the To try to run the Railroad companies out Railroad companies out of businessof business

4.4. To build citiesTo build cities

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POPULIST REFORMSPOPULIST REFORMS Proposed Proposed economiceconomic

reforms included; reforms included; increase of money increase of money supply, a rise in crop supply, a rise in crop prices, lower taxes, a prices, lower taxes, a federal loan programfederal loan program

Proposed Proposed politicalpolitical reforms included; reforms included; direct election of direct election of senators, single terms senators, single terms for presidentsfor presidents

Populists also called Populists also called for an for an 8-hour8-hour workday workday and reduced and reduced immigrationimmigration

POPULISTS MAKE GAINSPOPULISTS MAKE GAINS

In the 1892 In the 1892 Presidential election, Presidential election, the Populist the Populist candidate won almost candidate won almost 10% of the vote10% of the vote

In the West, the party In the West, the party elected 5 senators, 3 elected 5 senators, 3 governors and 1,500 governors and 1,500 state legislatorsstate legislators

Which reform was NOT a part of Which reform was NOT a part of the populist party’s movement?the populist party’s movement?

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1.1. 8 hour workday8 hour workday

2.2. Direct election of Direct election of senatorssenators

3.3. Lower taxesLower taxes

4.4. More landMore land

5.5. Increase of Increase of money supplymoney supply

THE PANIC OF 1893THE PANIC OF 1893 Nationwide economic Nationwide economic

problems took center problems took center stage in America in stage in America in 18931893

Railroads went Railroads went bankrupt, the stock bankrupt, the stock market lost value, market lost value, 15,000 businesses and 15,000 businesses and 500 banks collapsed, 500 banks collapsed,

3 million people lost 3 million people lost their jobs – putting their jobs – putting unemployment at 20%unemployment at 20%THE STOCK MARKET

CRASHED IN 1893

SILVER OR GOLD?SILVER OR GOLD? The central issue of the The central issue of the

18961896 Presidential Presidential campaign was which campaign was which metal would be the basis metal would be the basis of the nation’s monetary of the nation’s monetary systemsystem

Bimetallism Bimetallism (those who (those who favored using both) vs. favored using both) vs. those that favored the those that favored the Gold Standards Gold Standards alonealone

Why did it matter?Why did it matter? People regarded paper People regarded paper

money as worthless money as worthless unless it could be unless it could be exchanged for gold or exchanged for gold or silver.silver.

What was NOT part of the Panic of What was NOT part of the Panic of 1893?1893?

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Falling st... Closing of... Job loses

Mass rioting Bank colla...

1.1. Falling stock Falling stock pricesprices

2.2. Closing of Closing of businessesbusinesses

3.3. Job losesJob loses

4.4. Mass riotingMass rioting

5.5. Bank collapseBank collapse

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BRYAN AND THEBRYAN AND THE“CROSS OF GOLD”“CROSS OF GOLD”

RepublicansRepublicans favored the favored the Gold standard and Gold standard and nominated William nominated William McKinleyMcKinley

Democrats Democrats favored favored Bimetallism and Bimetallism and nominated William nominated William Jennings BryanJennings Bryan

Despite Bryan’s stirring Despite Bryan’s stirring words, “You shall not words, “You shall not crucify mankind upon a crucify mankind upon a cross of gold,” cross of gold,” McKinley McKinley won the 1896 electionwon the 1896 election

BRYAN’S CROSS OF GOLD SPEECH

THE END OF POPULISMTHE END OF POPULISM With McKinley’s election With McKinley’s election

victory, victory, Populism Populism collapsedcollapsed, burying the , burying the hopes of the farmerhopes of the farmer

Populism left two Populism left two important legacies: important legacies:

1) 1) A messageA message that the that the downtrodden can downtrodden can organize and be heard organize and be heard and and

2) An 2) An agenda of reformsagenda of reforms, , many of which would be many of which would be enacted in the 20enacted in the 20thth centurycentury

The People’s Party Ended But Left An Important Legacy Leading to Progressivism

Even though populism failed at this Even though populism failed at this time, why was it important?time, why was it important?

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1.1. So the people So the people knew the knew the government was government was more powerfulmore powerful

2.2. The people The people realized that they realized that they had a voicehad a voice

3.3. None of the aboveNone of the above

Did We Meet Our Objectives?Did We Meet Our Objectives?

Can You?Can You? 1. Identify the 1. Identify the

problems farmers problems farmers faced and their faced and their cooperative efforts to cooperative efforts to solve them.solve them.

2. Explain the rise 2. Explain the rise and fall of the Populist and fall of the Populist Party.Party.