Chandigarh - planning and its transformation

Submitted to:

submitted by:

Ar Pooja Nigam Gagan Kumar Tanwar,

2014PAR5117

Jogeshwar Singh,

CHANDIGAR

H

INTRODUCTION

Chandigarh is one of the most significant urban

planning experiments of the 20th century. It is the

only one of the numerous urban planning

schemes of Le Corbusier to have actually been

executed. It is also the site of some of his

greatest architectural creations. The city has had

a far-reaching impact, ushering in a modern idiom

of architecture and city planning all over India. It

has become a symbol of planned urbanism. It is

as famous for its landscaping as for its

architectural ambience. Most of the buildings are

in pure, cubical form, geometrically subdivided

with emphasis on proportion, scale and detail.

HISTORY SINCE PUNJAB WAS DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS, THE

CAPITAL WAS LEFT IN PAKISTAN THERE FORE PUNJAB IN INDIA REQUIRED NEW CAPITAL

LE CORBUSIER WAS APPROACHED BY PUNJAB GOVERNMENT AND THE PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA

CHANDIGARH IS A BOLD EXPERIMENT IN MODERN CIVIC DESIGN

MAXWELL FRY, JANE DREW AND PIERRE JEANNERET WERE ALSO INVOLVED IN THE TEAM OF ARCHITECTS

WHEN LE CORBUSIER ASSUMED CONTROL OF THE CHANDIGARH PROJECT IN 1951, HOWEVER THE DESIGN OF THE CITY HAD ALREADY BEEN DEVISED BY THE NEW YORK FIRM OF MAYER, WHITTLESEY, AND GLASS WHO RECEIVED A CONTRACT FOR THE MASTER PLAN OF CHANDIGARH IN 1950

GEOGRAPHICAL AND

DEMOGRAPHICAL PROFILE

Area 114 sq kms

Longitude 76 47' 14E

Latitude 30 44' 14N

Total Population (2011 census)

10.55 Lacs(97.25% people live in urban

regions)

Density of population/sq. km. 7,900

IDEA OF LE CORBUSIER

The city of Chandigarh is planned to human scale.

Head–capitol (place of power)

Heart –the city centre

Stomach–the commercial area

Arms–university and Industrial zone

Lungs–leisure valley ,open spaces

Arteries–network of roads

SECTORS

The key of modern urbanism is 'the Sector',

which was defined as a container of family

life (24 solar hours: night and day). Each

sector was 800 meters by 1,200 meters,

enclosed by roads allocated to fast-

mechanized transport and sealed to direct

access from the houses. The population

would be approximately from 5,000 to 20,000

inhabitants. Chandigarh had 30 sectors.

ROADS

The roads of the city were classified into seven

categories, known as the system of 7 Vs.

V-1 Fast roads connecting Chandigarh to other

towns;

V-2 Arterial roads;

V-3 Fast vehicular roads;

V-4 Free Flowing shopping streets;

V-5 Sector circulation roads;

V-6 Access roads to houses;

V-7 Footpaths and cycle tracks

HOUSING

The residential buildings were governed by a

mechanism known as 'frame control' created by

the municipal administration to control their

facades. This fixed the

building line and height and the use of building

materials. Certain standard sizes of doors and

windows are specified and all the gates and

boundary walls must conform to standard design.

The idea was to ensure that the view from the

street, which belonged to the community, was of

same visual order and discipline to maintain

uniformity.

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS

All buildings located in the City Centre and

commercial or institutional buildings located along

V-2 roads were subjected to controls. The system

of the City Centre was based on a grid of

columns. fixed 5.26 meters shuttering pattern on

concrete and a system of glazing or screen walls

behind the line of columns. The interior planning

was left to the owners. and in the exterior, certain

variations are permitted to give variety to the

architectural composition.

THE SECRETARIAT THE HIGH

COURT THE ASSEMBLY HALL

CONCLUSION

POSITIVE HIGHLIGHTS

Each sector satisfies the necessities of human

needs

Separate roads for pedestrian, bicycle and heavy

vehicles

Shops on ground floor, Residence on upper floor

Shop protected from rain and sun, as a covered

walkway for the customers

NEGATIVE HIGHLIGHTS

Roads being similar to each other creates

confusion

Brutal concrete gives a rough look

City not planned for lower income people.

Existence of slums around the city

DEVELOPMENT IN

CHANDIGARH

The city of Chandigarh was developed in 3 phases

:

Sectors 1 to 30 have been developed in Phase-I

, it was completely developed in 1975.

Sector 31to 47 have been developed in Phase-

II , for accommodating population of 5 lakhs in

combined.

Sectors from 48 to 56 in Phase III has been

taken up

CHANDIGARH MASTER PLAN

2031

GROWTH OF CHANDIGARH

The Chandigarh has become Hi-tech city by

setting up of I.T. park.

The Chandigarh being the regional centre is hub

of political and bureaucratic activities of the 3

neighbouring states of Punjab, Haryana and

Himachal Pradesh.

The high profile education and health facilities are

available in the Chandigarh, like Punjab

Engineering College and PGI, York, Fortis.

The Chandigarh has its tourist potential.

PROBLEMS

With the development of the city, it is also

confronting some problems because population

increased in city due to high rate of migration to

cities and due to that :

Water supply demand is increased

Sanitation problem occurs

And slum development started

VILLAGES AND SLUMS

There are 18 villages in Chandigarh city and 4

villages are under municipal boundary.

There are 14 unauthorised slums have population

of 70000.

SLUM REHABILATION ON

PERIPHERY

VISION IN TERMS OF

INFRASTRUCTURE

Safeguarding the health, integrated management

of water source, liquid & solid waste and

protection of environment.

Protection of environment and safeguarding the

health of the general public by providing a

complete underground sewerage system.

100% Coverage of the whole green area in

gardens, parks and open spaces with tertiary

treated water in order to save the potable water of

drinking purposes.

To have good connectivity of city with other cities

through roads and better solid waste collection

centres.

REFERENCES

CENSUS 2011

CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF CHANDIGARH

MASTER PLAN OF CHANDIGARH CITY

WIKIPEDIA

THANK YOU