Chancellorsville Leadership Staff Ride Lieutenant Colonel David Major USA (Ret) 13 June 2013.

Chancellorsville Leadership Staff Ride

Lieutenant Colonel David Major USA (Ret)

13 June 2013

AgendaAgenda

• PurposePurpose

• BackgroundBackground

• Leadership IssuesLeadership Issues

• Strategic OverviewStrategic Overview

• Chancellorsville campaignChancellorsville campaign

• Route for Thursday’s rideRoute for Thursday’s ride

Why a Staff Ride?

• Expose dynamics of battle•Timeless human dimension (face of battle)•Applications of the principles of war.•Study the operational art.•Logistics operations.•Analytical & systematic study of battles.•Study military profession via history.•Provide case studies in leadership.

Leadership Principles• Know yourself and seek self-improvement. • Be technically and tactically proficient. • Develop a sense of responsibility among your

subordinates. • Make sound and timely decisions. • Set the example. • Know your subordinates and look out for their welfare. • Keep your subordinates informed. • Seek responsibility and take responsibility for your actions. • Ensure assigned tasks are understood, supervised, and

accomplished. • Train your subordinates as a team. • Employ your command in accordance with its capabilities.

Dependability Bearing

Courage Endurance

Enthusiasm Integrity

Justice Tact

Unselfishness Loyalty

• DecisivenessAbility to make decisions promptly and to announce them in clear, forceful manner.

• InitiativeTaking action in the absence of orders.

• JudgmentThe ability to weigh facts and possible solutions on which

to base sound decisions.• Knowledge

Understanding of a science or an art. The range of one's information, including professional knowledge.

Leadership Traits

Mission Variables

Defeat MechanismsStability Mechanisms

Defeat/StabilityMechanisms

• Heuristic interaction between planning, execution, adaptation and action (OODA+Adapt)

• Reduction of Apparent Complexity• Objectives selected for both physical and cognitive

advantage to achieve disproportionate result• Identify and exploit operational anomalies• Guile and Cunning are integral to all planning and

execution, not just deception plans.• Compel the enemy to be complicit in his on demise.

What we try to Gain

“Butterfield, look into myfootlocker and get my

Coup d’oeil!ASAP!

This is YOUR Brain

This is YOUR Brain after a year of CSC

This is YOUR Brain

American Civil War

Initial Secession 20 Dec 1860 – 23 Feb 1861

Final Secession 17 April – 8 June 1861 Border States

Army Organization

Infantry Artillery Cavalry

Engineers Medical corps Signal corps Quartermaster Commissary

Army

XXXX

Corps XXX

Div XX

Regt III

Co I

Bde X

(100)

(1000+) <500

1500-1800

5000-6000

20,000

60,000+

(100)

(1000+) <500

1000-1500

2500-4000

9000-12,000

130,000+

Knoxville

Butler

Buell

Bragg

Rosecrans

Lee

Burnside

Fredericksburg (13 Dec 1862)

Stones River(31 Dec 1862)

Grant

Pemberton

Vicksburg(Nov 1862-)

USA - @12,700 of 114,000USA - @12,700 of 114,000 CSA - @5,400 of 72,500CSA - @5,400 of 72,500

Fredericksburg CasualtiesFredericksburg Casualties

Operational SettingThe Army of the PotomacThe Army of the Potomac

•Morale at rock bottomMorale at rock bottom•Hooker takes command andHooker takes command and introduces reforms: introduces reforms:

•Logistics/Life supportLogistics/Life support•Intelligence CapabilitiesIntelligence Capabilities•Cavalry OrganizationCavalry Organization•Artillery OrganizationArtillery Organization•Span of ControlSpan of Control

The Old OrganizationThe Old Organization

BurnsideAoP

FranklinLeft

Grand Division

HookerCenter Grand

Division

SumnerRight Grand

Division

ReynoldsI Corps

SmithIV Corps

StonemanIII Corps

ButterfieldV Corps

CouchII Corps

WilcoxIX Corps

Army of the Potomac April 1863

CavalryCorps

MajGenStoneman

II CorpsMajGen Couch

III CorpsMajGen Sickles

V CorpsMajGen Meade

VI CorpsMajGen

Sedgwick

XI CorpsMajGen Howard

XII CorpsMajGen Slocum

XXXXXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX

I CorpsMajGen

Reynolds

XXX

XXXX

Army of thePotomacMajGen Hooker

BG Wadsworth

BGRobinson

MGDoubleday

MG Hancock

BGGibbon

MGFrench

BG Birney

MGBerry

BGWhipple

BG Griffin

MGSykes

BGHumphreys

BG Brooks

BGHowe

MGNewton

BG Devens

BGv Steinwehr

MGSchurz

BG Williams

BGGeary

BG Pleasonton

BGAverell

BGGregg

approx 134k troops

LeeArmy of Northern VA

HookerArmy of the Potomac

AOP

ANV

American Civil War

Hooker’s Plan

“Plan B”

Plan Pros and ConsPlan Pros and Cons

GoodGood• Avoids Avoids

FredericksburgFredericksburg

• Good use of terrain Good use of terrain in early stagesin early stages

• Potential good use Potential good use of cavalryof cavalry

• Utilizes short Utilizes short timers before their timers before their departuredeparture

BadBad• Lee must be an Lee must be an

obliging enemyobliging enemy

• Many moving partsMany moving parts

• Hooker’s intent not Hooker’s intent not well conveyedwell conveyed

Lee

Hooker

Longstreet

Stuart

Spring 1863

Army of Northern Virginia April 1863

XXX

XX

XX

Rodes’Division

Colston’sDivision

Hill’sLight Division

XX

Second CorpsJackson

Early’sDivision

Hood’sDivision

Pickett’sDivision

McLaw’sDivision

Anderson’sDivision

XXX

First CorpsLongstreet

Detached;ForagingIn Suffolk

XX

XXXX

Stuart’sCavDiv

approx 61k troops

XXX

Army of NorthernVirginia

LtGen Robert E Lee

Stafford C.H.

Hartwood Church

C



VIM

III V

XI

III

XII

H

E

R

A

American Civil War

ChancellorsvilleTurning Movement

April 27, 1863April 28, 1863April 29, 1863April 27, 1863

Stafford C.H.

Hartwood Church

C



VIM

III

VXI

III

XII

H

E

R

A

American Civil War


April 27, 1863April 28, 1863April 29, 1863April 28-29, 1863

Stafford C.H.

Hartwood Church

C



VIM

III

VXI

II

I

XII

HE

RA

American Civil War


April 27, 1863April 28, 1863April 29, 1863April 30, 1863


Anderson (I)McLaws(I)

Jackson – II CorpA.P. Hill

RodesColstonEarly

Stuart-Cavalry


Reynolds ICouch II

Sickles IIIMeade V

Sedgwick VI Howard XISlocum XII

E

VIXII

I

II

American Civil War

ChancellorsvilleMay 1, 1863 11am

XI HUnion Corps

Confederate Division (Jackson’s Corps)

V

A R

M H

C

G

XI

III




RodesColstonEarly

Stuart-Cavalry


Reynolds ICouch II

Sickles IIIMeade V


E

VI

III

I

II

American Civil War

ChancellorsvilleMay 1, 1863 1200-1700

XI HUnion Corps


V

A R

M H

C

G

XII

XI




RodesColstonEarly

Stuart-Cavalry


Reynolds ICouch II

Sickles IIIMeade V


E

VIR

HC

American Civil War

ChancellorsvilleMay 1, 1863

XI HUnion Corps


II

XII

V

May 2, 1863 0700

MA

XIIII

I

G




RodesColstonEarly

Stuart-Cavalry


Reynolds ICouch II

Sickles IIIMeade V


E

VI

American Civil War


XI HUnion Corps


II

XII

V

May 2, 1863 ~1800

M

RCH

A

XI

III

I

G




RodesColstonEarly

Stuart-Cavalry


Reynolds ICouch II

Sickles IIIMeade V


E

VI

American Civil War


XI HUnion Corps


II

XII

V

May 2, 1863 2200

M

HCR

A

XI

III

I

G

American Civil War


XI HUnion Corps


May 3, 1863



Stuart – II CorpHeth

RodesColstonEarly

F. Lee - Cavalry


Reynolds ICouch II

Sickles IIIMeade V


VI

II

XII

VXI

MA

III

V

I

GVI

XI

E

May 4, 1863May 3, 1863 AM

American Civil War


XI HUnion Corps


May 3, 1863



Stuart – II CorpRodes

ColstonHethEarly

F. Lee-Cavalry


Reynolds ICouch II

Sickles IIIMeade V

Sedgwick VI Howard XISlocum XII II

XII

III

V

I

G

E

XI

R CHA

VI

M

May 4, 1863May 3, 1863 1730

American Civil War


XI HUnion Corps


May 3, 1863



Stuart – II CorpA.P. Hill

RodesColston

HethF. Lee-Cavalry


Reynolds ICouch II

Sickles IIIMeade V


XII

III

V

I

GXI

VI

M

A

E

May 4, 1863May 4, 1863

S

American Civil War


XI HUnion Corps


May 3, 1863



Stuart – II CorpA.P. Hill

RodesColston

HethF. Lee-Cavalry


Reynolds ICouch II

Sickles IIIMeade V


XII

III

V

I

GXI

VI

M

A

E

May 4, 1863May 5-6, 1863

S

Army of the Potomac April 1863

Army of thePotomacMajGen Hooker

CavalryCorps

MajGenStoneman

II CorpsMajGen Couch

III CorpsMajGen Sickles

V CorpsMajGen Meade

VI CorpsMajGen

Sedgwick

XI CorpsMajGen Howard

XII CorpsMajGen Slocum

XXXXXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX

I CorpsMajGen

Reynolds

XXX

XXXX

BG Wadsworth

BGRobinson

MGDoubleday

MG Hancock

BGGibbon

MGFrench

BG Birney

MGBerry

BGWhipple

BG Griffin

MGSykes

BGHumphreys

BG Brooks

BGHowe

MGNewton

BG Devens

BGv Steinwehr

MGSchurz

BG Williams

BGGeary

BG Pleasonton

BGAverell

BGGregg

approx 134k troops

11

22 4 1

919

21

13

4 2

XX

XX

XX

Army of NorthernVirginia

LtGen Robert E Lee


Second CorpsJackson

Hood’sDivision

Pickett’sDivision

McLaw’sDivision

Early’sDivision

Anderson’sDivision

Rodes’Division

Colston’sDivision

Hill’sLight Division

XXX XXX

XX

Army of Northern Virginia After ChancellorsvilleXXXX

Stuart’sCavDiv

approx 61k troops

Detached;ForagingIn Suffolk

26

16

17

30

20

29

25

4

22

The ANV After ChancellorsvilleThe ANV After Chancellorsville

Army of NoVALtGen R E Lee

XXXX


Third CorpsHill

Stuart’sCavalry Div

Second CorpsEwell

XXXXXXXXX XX

14

5

68

7

3

2

Chancellorsville Leadership Staff Ride Lieutenant Colonel David Major USA (Ret) 13 June 2013.

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