CH407H Project 05 Adam Aron Hybrid Cars

Hybrid Cars: How have they improved since introduction? Aron GeelanAdam Kirkpatrick

IntroductionDefinitionsElectric vs. Internal CombustionTimeline for Hybrid technology developmentThe BatteriesStudy: Insight vs. PriusThe Future

DefinitionsCombustion vs. Electric (http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car1.htm)Parallel vs. Series Hybrid (http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car2.htm)Honda InsightToyota PriusFull HybridMild HybridStop/Start HybridIntegrated Starter Alternator with Damping (ISAD) Integrated Motor Assist (IMA)Plug-in Hybrid

Electric MotorLots of torqueZero emissionsTax breaksNo transmission neededStarts more efficientlyCan turn off motor when you stop

GasolineHigher energy density than batteries1,000 pounds of batteries = 1 gallon (7 pounds) of gasCheaper initial cost for carHybrids are $3500-5000 moreReliable, more history

Cost Per Mile Electric vs. Gas

Timeline1839: First electric vehicle1886: Electric powered taxicab in England1890-1910: Significant improvements in battery technology (lead-acid, nickel-iron)1898: Ferdinand Porsche built a hybrid

Timeline1900: Pieper introduced hybrid 1905: Gas-Electric car1970s: Arab oil embargo; hybrid VW Taxi1979: hybrid car built with lawnmower engine1991: US Advanced Battery Consortium launched major program to produce super battery

Timeline1997: Toyota Prius available in Japan1999: Honda Insight released in US (70 mpg)2000: Toyota Prius available in US2002: Honda Civic Hybrid introduced2004: Toyota Prius II introduced; Ford Escape Hybrid introduced

The Batteries Behind It AllEarly Prius and Insight NiMH D CellsStick Arrangement

(http://www.peve.panasonic.co.jp/catalog/e_maru.html)

Prismatic Ni-MH15% pack volume reduction25% pack weight reductionLess battery module per pack number

http://www.peve.panasonic.co.jp/catalog/e_kaku.html

Metal Case Prismatic Ni-MHImprovement 14% less volume40% higher cooling (http://www.peve.panasonic.co.jp/catalog/e_kinnzoku.html)

ECUElectronic Control UnitRegulates temperature and state of chargeEnsures safe and reliable drivinghttp://www.peve.panasonic.co.jp/catalog/e_bms.html

Study: Battery Usage and Thermal Performance of Prius and InsightHonda Insight vs. Toyota Prius

Charge, Discharge and SOChttp://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/31306.pdf

Battery Energy and Battery Temperatures

Hybrid Cars TodayTable 1. Light-Duty Hybrid Electric Vehicles OEM Model Body StylePower Type Fuel Date Introduced/Announced Production DateCurrently in Production DaimlerChrysler Ram Pickup Contractor Special Truck Mild Hybrid Diesel Nov-00 2004 (Limited) Ford Escape SUV Hybrid Gasoline Jan-01 2004 General Motors Silverado/Sierra Truck Mild Hybrid Gasoline Jan-01 2004 (Limited) Honda Accord Sedan IMA1 Hybrid Gasoline Jan-04 2005 Honda Insight Coupe IMA1 Hybrid Gasoline Dec-99 2000 Honda Civic Sedan IMA1 Hybrid Gasoline Jan-00 2002 Lexus RX400h SUV Hybrid Gasoline Jan-03 2005 Toyota Prius Sedan Parallel Hybrid Gasoline Jun-00 2000 Toyota Highlander SUV Hybrid Gasoline Jan-04 2005 Suzuki Twin Mini Hybrid Gasoline Nov-02 2003 (Japan) Toyota Estima Minivan Parallel Hybrid Gasoline Jun-01 In Japan Only Toyota Crown Sedan Mild Hybrid Gasoline Aug-01 In Japan Only Toyota Alphard Minivan Hybrid Gasoline Jul-03 In Japan Only Planned for Production Ford Fusion Sedan Full Hybrid Gasoline Apr-03 2006 General Motors Silverado/Sierra & Tahoe/Yukon Truck & SUVStrong Hybrid Gasoline Nov-03 2007 General Motors Equinox SUV Hybrid Gasoline Jan-03 2006 General Motors Malibu Sedan BAS2 Hybrid Gasoline Jan-03 2007 General Motors Graphyte SUV Full Hybrid Gasoline Jan-05 2006 Hyundai Click Sedan Hybrid Gasoline Nov-03 2005/06 (Korea) Mercury Mariner SUV Full Hybrid Gasoline Apr-04 2005 (limited) 2006 (full) Nissan Altima Sedan Hybrid Gasoline Jun-04 2006 Saturn Vue SUV BAS2 Hybrid Gasoline Jan-03 2006 Toyota Camry Sedan Unknown Gasoline Unknown Unknown Toyota Sienna Minivan Hybrid Gasoline 2003 2007 Recent Concepts - Production Plans Unknown Honda ASM Minivan IMA1 hybrid Gasoline Oct-03 Unknown Ford Focus C-MAX Sedan Hydrogen ICE Hydrogen Jul-04 Unknown Daewoo S3X SUV Unknown Unknown Oct-04 Unknown Opal Astra Sedan Unknown Diesel Jan-04 Unknown Mercury Meta One Unknown Hybrid Diesel Jan-04 Unknown Mercury Milan Unknown Unknown Unknown Jan-04 Unknown

1 Integrated motor assist. 2 Belt alternator starter. (Source: Collected by Robb Barnitt and Leslie Eudy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, from various sources) Table from http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy05osti/37777.pdf

Future of HybridHybrid buses~1,000 in useSeattleCalifornia

Tax Break Increase

Future of Hybrid Cars

Toyota Volta 3.3 liter V6 gas engine Toyota Hybrid Sports Car408 horsepower 30 miles per gallon

SummaryDefinitionsElectric vs. Internal CombustionTimeline for Hybrid technology developmentThe BatteriesStudy: Insight vs. PriusThe Future