Top Banner
Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens
22

Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.

Jan 13, 2016

Download

Documents

Hillary Conley
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.

Ch10 The City-States

10-3 Athens

Page 2: Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.

1. Athens-northeast of Sparta-city-state

-located on the Aegean Coast-1st ruled by Kings-750BC oligarchy

-fighting between farmers , artisans, and government for land ownership

-oligarchy did not want fights to occur-looked for reform

Page 3: Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.

2. Draco-noble

-appointed to write a code of laws-too harsh, death for many crimes

Page 4: Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.

3. Solon-rich merchant

-took over law making 594 BC-1st Constitution-broke political power of rich-set limit on how much land a person could own-gave landowners the right to vote in the assembly

-passed laws

Page 5: Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.

-erased all debt

-freed slaves

-offered citizenship to artisans (not Athenians)

-ordered fathers to teach sons a trade

-more government involvement

-trade increased

Page 6: Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.

4. Peisistratus -560BC took over government

-supported by lower class-divided large estates and gave it to farmers w/o land-did not have to own land to be citizen-encouraged sculpture and art-after his death, sons took over-government overthrown by Spartans

Page 7: Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.

5. Cleisthenes -overthrew Spartans

-put world first Constitution into effect

-beginning of democratic form-Athenians have freedom of speech

-opened assembly to males 20 yrs. +-assembly elected 10 generals/yr. to run army and navy & judges

Page 8: Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.

-Set-up the Council of Five Hundred-Handled daily business-Chosen each year by lot-No one could serve more than 2 terms

-Every one could serve-War times required a general to serve on council

Page 9: Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.

-Citizens required to educate sons-Tutor-Private school-Age 7 boys studied writing, math and music

-Played sports-Memorized Homer & other poets

-Age 18 males became citizens-At Temple of Zeus took citizenship oath

Page 10: Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.

6. Persian Wars       -Persians have largest empire in

Western world-545 BC conquered Ionia (Greek city-state in Asia Minor and Aegean Islands)-525 BC Ionians revolted

-asked city-states for help-Athens responded by sending some warships-Fought for 5 years, Persians ended revolt

Page 11: Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.

7. Darius      -Persian king

-Punish mainland Greeks for helping Ionians-490 BC sent 600 ships and army to Greece

-landed on Marathon-decided to sail directly to Athens surprised by Athenian soldiers and defeated-Pheidippides ran 26 miles to tell of victory

-yelled Nike! (Greek goddess of victory) and died

Page 12: Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.

8. Wealth       -After Marathon, silver mines

discovered -Athens spent money in triremes

-3 levels of rowers on each side-largest navy in Greece

Page 13: Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.
Page 14: Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.

9. Xerxes -son of Darius-480 BC sent 250,000 soldiers across Aegean to conquer Northern Greece-20 city-states banded together to stop attacks

-Sparta-Army-Athens-Navy

-Greek soldiers held off Persians at Thermopylae for 3 days. Athenians went to Salamis

-Persians defeated soldiers, set fire to Athens

Page 15: Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.

-Greeks tricked Persians into the Narrow Straits of Salamis and defeated them

-Xerxes returned Asia -479 BC Greeks defeated leftover

Persians in Battle of Plateau and war ended

Page 16: Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.

10. Delian League -defensive league

-located on island of Delos-Sparta not a member-once a member, could not withdraw w/o unanimous agreement-common navy

-built by Athenians

Page 17: Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.

-Athens gaining power-ask for permission to trade-trials held in Athens-money replaced all other-“Golden Age of Athens”

Page 18: Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.

11. Pericles -1st citizen of Athens-general during “Golden Age of Athens”-led Athens for 30 yrs.-rebuilt temples and palaces on the acropolis-built Parthenon to honor goddess Athena

Page 19: Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.

-built Long Walls to connect Athens to seaport of Piraeus

-provided supplies during war-promoted art, literature, and philosophy

Page 20: Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.

12. Peloponnesian War

-Athens was resented-attacked one of Sparta’s allies

-Sparta attacked-lasted 30 yrs.-ended 404BC

-Athens surrendered to Sparta

Page 21: Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.
Page 22: Ch10 The City-States 10-3 Athens. 1. Athens -northeast of Sparta -city-state -located on the Aegean Coast -1 st ruled by Kings -750BC oligarchy -fighting.

13. Decline of Athens-war and plague caused great loss of life -land was ruined-young men became mercenaries-404 BC Sparta controls Athens

-set up oligarchy-30 Athenian aristocrats rule

-Athens successfully revolts and sets up democracy

-not as powerful as before war