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Ch. 3 : Global Migration Patterns Objective: Identify 3 global migration patterns
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Page 1: Ch. 3 : Global Migration Patterns Objective: Identify 3 global migration patterns.

Ch. 3 : Global Migration Patterns

Objective: Identify 3 global migration patterns

Page 2: Ch. 3 : Global Migration Patterns Objective: Identify 3 global migration patterns.

Pattern 1: Movement from less to more developed

Page 3: Ch. 3 : Global Migration Patterns Objective: Identify 3 global migration patterns.

Pattern 2: Guest workers versus permanent

migration

Fig. 3-9: Guest workers emigrate mainly from Eastern Europe and North Africa to work in the wealthier countries of Western Europe.

Page 4: Ch. 3 : Global Migration Patterns Objective: Identify 3 global migration patterns.

Pattern 3: Migration within a Country

Migration between regions of a countryMigration between regions within the U.S.Migration between regions in other countries

Migration within one regionRural-urban migrationUrban-suburban migrationMigration from metropolitan to nonmetropolitan regions

Page 5: Ch. 3 : Global Migration Patterns Objective: Identify 3 global migration patterns.

Center of Population in the

U.S.

Fig. 3-12: The center of U.S. population has consistently moved westward, with the population migration west. It has also begun to move southward with migration to the southern sunbelt.

Page 6: Ch. 3 : Global Migration Patterns Objective: Identify 3 global migration patterns.

Intraregional Migration in the U.S.

Fig. 3-14: Average annual migration among urban, suburban, and rural areas in the U.S. during the 1990s. The largest flow was from central cities to suburbs.

Why is counterurbanization slowing down?

Page 7: Ch. 3 : Global Migration Patterns Objective: Identify 3 global migration patterns.

Ravenstein’s 19th Century Migration

“Laws” Most people migrate for economic reasons.

Cultural & environmental factors may also be important, but not as important as economics

Most migrants move a short distance, and stay within a country.

Long-distance migrants go to major centers of economic activity (jobs).

Most long-distance migrants are males.

Most long-distance migrants are adults, not families with their children.

Page 8: Ch. 3 : Global Migration Patterns Objective: Identify 3 global migration patterns.

Migrant Characteristics

Changes In the 19th Century E.G. Ravenstein noted that: •

Most long-distance migrants were male. Most long-distance migrants were single adults, not families with children.

Are these characteristics still true?Today, in the US, most international immigrants are women, not men.Although most immigrants to the US are still single adults, increasing numbers of immigrants are children (17 years of age or less).

Why do we see changes?Changes in the status of women, changes in the kinds of jobs available, changes in the transportation system.

Page 9: Ch. 3 : Global Migration Patterns Objective: Identify 3 global migration patterns.

What about refugees?

UN definitionA person who has well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political group.

UN reports 24 million refugees worldwide

Page 10: Ch. 3 : Global Migration Patterns Objective: Identify 3 global migration patterns.

What about refugees?UN definitions

International refugees:

Those who have crossed one or more international borders and are encamped in a country other than their own

Intranational refugees:

Those who have abandoned their homes but not their homeland

Page 11: Ch. 3 : Global Migration Patterns Objective: Identify 3 global migration patterns.

It is difficult to identify refugees.

No mention of natural/enviromental disaster

UN must distinguish between refugees and voluntary migrants before granting asylum.

Three general characteristics, individual or aggregate (collectively):

Most refugees move without any more tangible property than they can carry or transport with them.Most refugees make their first “step” on foot, by bicycle, wagon, or open boat.Refugees move without the official documents that accompany channeled migrations.

Page 12: Ch. 3 : Global Migration Patterns Objective: Identify 3 global migration patterns.

Regions of Dislocation

Sub-Saharan Africa

Several of the world’s largest refugee crises plagued Africa during the 1990s and early 21st century -8 million “official” refugeesCivil wars in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Angola, and SudanHostilities between the Hutu and Tutsi tribes in Rwanda

Page 13: Ch. 3 : Global Migration Patterns Objective: Identify 3 global migration patterns.

Other regions of dislocation…

North Africa and Southwest Asia

Israel and the displaced Arab populations that surround it

Exhibits qualities that are likely to generate additional refugee flow in the future

The Kurdish population following the Gulf War (1991)

Taliban rule in Afghanistan

Afghanistan after the Soviet invasion during the 1980s

Page 14: Ch. 3 : Global Migration Patterns Objective: Identify 3 global migration patterns.

Regions of dislocation continued…

South Asia

Pakistan accommodated forced emigrants from Afghanistan

Major refugee problem stems from a civil war in Sri Lanka

Page 15: Ch. 3 : Global Migration Patterns Objective: Identify 3 global migration patterns.

Regions of dislocation continued…

Southeast Asia“Boat people” who fled communist rule in Vietnam

In the early 1990s, Cambodia generated the region’s largest refugee flow

Today--largest number of refugees come from Myanmar (Burma)

Page 16: Ch. 3 : Global Migration Patterns Objective: Identify 3 global migration patterns.

Regions of dislocation continued…

EuropeAfter the collapse of Yugoslavia, over 1 million were displaced

South America Colombian illegal drug

violence, especially in rural areas