Causes and Effects of World War I. Causes of World War ICauses of World War I - MANIAMANIA ilitarism ilitarism – policy of building up strong military.

Causes and Effects of World War I

Causes of World War I -

M

A

N

I

A

ilitarism – policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war

lliances - agreements between nations to aid and protect one another

ationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s country

mperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politically

ssassination – murder of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand

MANIA

Causes of World War IBalkan Powder Keg

Caution Explosive

1914

Alliance System

Imperialism

Nationalism

Blank Check Given to Austria by

Germany

Immediate CauseThe Assassination

At SarajevoSet off the

Powder Keg and Started WWI

MilitarismArms race

Assassination

Causes of WWI - NationalismCauses of WWI - Nationalism

Militarism

• Survival of the Fittest

• Militarists painted war in romantic colors

• Rotation in Service

• Building up of military:

• Protection of overseas colonies

• nationalism

• Britain 2 power standard

1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures

France 10%

Britain 13%

Russia 39%

Germany 73%

Causes of WWI - MilitarismCauses of WWI - Militarism

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914

94 130 154 268 289 398

Total Defense Expenditures for the Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br.,

Rus.] Rus.] in millions of £s (British pounds).in millions of £s (British pounds).

Triple EntenteTriple Entente::Triple EntenteTriple Entente:: Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::Causes of WWI - AlliancesCauses of WWI - Alliances

Germany

Austria-Hungary

Italy

Great Britain

France

Russia

Causes of World War I: Nationalism

Aggressive Nationalism France and Germany Germany proud of military and Industrial

strength. French loss in Franco Prussia

War/revenge Recovery of lost provinces Alsace and

Lorraine

• Balkans 1914• Southeastern Europe

• East of Italy

• Dominated by the Austrian Hungarian Empire

• Slavic Nations

•Russia felt the need to protect the other Slavic nations because of its size.

•Pan-Slavism  - movement to unify all of the Slavic people. Trouble in Serbia with Austrian Hungarian Empire.

Imperialism• 1905 and 1911 Moroccan Crisis• France and Germany almost to the brink

of war• Morocco: France vs. Germany• Britain sides with France/resents Germany

industrial strength.• Britain and France develop closer ties.• European nations taking over parts of the

Ottoman Empire.

Causes of WWI - Assassination

Causes of WWI - Assassination

Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.

The Legacy of War

• 8.5 Million Killed

• 21 million wounded

• War Costs 338 billion, destroys towns, and land in Europe and Russia

• Disillusionment: Lost Generation: generation of young adults are killed and they are disillusioned with capitalism and democracy.

Collapse of the Empires

• Breakup of Austrian Hungarian Empire– Austria and Hungary become independent

nations– Czechoslovakia & Yugoslavia were formed– Italy and Romania gained land

Ottoman Empire Dissolved

• Turkey becomes independent

• Most of the Arab nations were put under the control of Britain and France

• Mandates

• Russian and German Losses

• Other nations Formed: Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

The Treaty of Versailles: Major Provisions

• League of Nations• Territorial Losses/Germany returns Alsace

Lorraine; French Border extended to the Rhine; Germany surrenders all of its overseas colonies in Africa and the Pacific

• Military restrictions/limits size of German Army; cannot build or import weapons, submarines, airplanes

The Treaty of Versailles: War Guilt

• Sole responsibility for the war placed on Germany’s shoulders

• Germany forced to pay the Allies 33 Billion in reparations over 30 years.

• Laid the ground work for WWII.

Bibliography

• http://www.mrberlin.com/8th/WWI/World_War_I_causes.ppt#269.