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1 The Future of Renewable Gas in Ireland
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Page 1: Cathal Renewable gas presentation 12.11.10

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The Future of Renewable Gas in Ireland

Page 2: Cathal Renewable gas presentation 12.11.10

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Some Context ….

• Energy demand in Ireland has increased by 72% from 1991 to 2008 characterised by;• The Renewable Energy targets are quite challenging;

• 40% of electricity to come from renewable sources by 2020• 12% of heat to be derived from renewable sources by 2020 • Renewable resources to account for 10% of all transport fuel by 2020

• Ireland is making progress addressing RES (E);• 11.8% of 2009 electricity consumption from renewable sources

• RES (H) and RES (T) progress towards targets have been slow to date;• 3.6% of thermal energy and 1.2% of transport energy from renewable sources in 2008

• Landfill Directive• Renewable gas produced from biomass using Anaerobic Digestion represents a significant and

under represented source of renewable energy in Ireland.

Page 3: Cathal Renewable gas presentation 12.11.10

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Biogas is produced when feedstocks, such as organic wastes, and energy crops, are converted into biogas using anaerobic digestion technology

Page 4: Cathal Renewable gas presentation 12.11.10

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Injection into the gas network may look like…

Substrat (s) Methanisation Treatment (CO 2 ,H 2 S,

water, traces) Raw biogas

• Bio waste • Sewage • Food - processing waste • …

Composition: • 50 - 65% CH 4 • 30 - 40% CO 2 • water • H 2 S • NH 3 • traces

Upgraded gas

Composition similar to natural gas

Control (CH 4 , CO 2 , water, H 2 S)

Di

ge

sta

t

Odorisation

Regulator for flow / pressure (2 nd compressor?)

Compression (few bars)

Metering

Control of gas quality

Injection point

Valve

Natural gas Natural gas + Biogas Vent or storage

If quality is not good enough!

Out of the limits

Safety equipments (shut - off valve, safety

valve … )

Substrat (s) Methanisation Treatment (CO 2 ,H 2 S,

water, traces) Raw biogas

• Bio waste • • Food - processing waste • Energy crops …

Composition: • 50 - 65% CH 4 • 30 - 40% CO 2 • water • H 2 S • NH 3 • traces

Upgraded gas

Composition similar to natural gas

Process Control (CH4 , CO2, O2, H2S, H2O)

Digestat

Odorisation/ LPG*

Regulator for flow / pressure (2 nd compressor?)

Compression

Metering

Control of gas quality

Injection point

Valve

Natural gas Natural gas + Biogas Vent or storage

If quality is not good enough!

Out of the limits

Safety equipments (shut - off valve, safety

valve … )

Page 5: Cathal Renewable gas presentation 12.11.10

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Linkoping Sweden

Page 6: Cathal Renewable gas presentation 12.11.10

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Feed stock for Linkoping

7,000t/a of pig slurry

47,000t/a of slaughter waste

Blood and process waterpumped in

Page 7: Cathal Renewable gas presentation 12.11.10

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Biogas treatment

Collection over digester

Scrubbing Compression and storage

Page 8: Cathal Renewable gas presentation 12.11.10

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65 buses, 10 waste collection lorries, 600 cars…

Page 9: Cathal Renewable gas presentation 12.11.10

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And a train

Page 10: Cathal Renewable gas presentation 12.11.10

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Biogas from grass as transport fuel in Salzburg

harvest silage storage

macerator

Source: energiewerkstatt, IEA and persona photos

anaerobic digester

weigh bridge

Biogas service station

Page 11: Cathal Renewable gas presentation 12.11.10

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Renewable Gas has a key role to play in a low carbon future for Ireland

• Simple efficiency measures across all sectors

• Decarbonised electricity fuels zero emission cars

• Decarbonise gas using renewable gas

Page 12: Cathal Renewable gas presentation 12.11.10

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Opportunity– Renewable Heating

Biomethane for Heating• Utilise the Bord Gáis gas network as a route to market for

renewable heating with biomethane (BioNG):– Over 700,000 domestic and 30,000 I/C customers served

by the network.– Uses existing meters (incl. Smart Meters when available).– Minimal changes to supplier billing systems.– No disruption to premises required – will allow customers

switch to renewable heating with a phone call!– Used in existing appliances….. At very high efficiencies

• e.g. 80% for a gas boiler, • as a renewable fuel source for domestic and I/C CHP

units).– Increases national fuel diversity and security of supply.– Significant contribution towards the RES-H target possible.

Page 13: Cathal Renewable gas presentation 12.11.10

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Opportunity- Renewable Transport

Biomethane for Transport• Utilise the Bord Gáis gas network as a route to

market for renewable transport with biomethane (BioCNG):– Over 11 million cars worldwide running on

CNG incl. Germany, Italy.– Bi-fuel cars and vans available – can switch

from petrol to CNG seamlessly at the push of a button!

– Significant contribution towards the RES-T target possible and reductions in national CO2 levels.

– Proven vehicle and re-fuelling options available today.

Page 14: Cathal Renewable gas presentation 12.11.10

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Biomethane across Europe

Page 15: Cathal Renewable gas presentation 12.11.10

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Potential for Renewable Gas in Ireland

Figures converted from PJ to mscm natural Gas equivalent (@ 36.8 MJ/m³)

Practical (mscm pa)

Agricultural Slurry 51

OFMSW 15.6

Slaughter Waste 18.6

Surplus Grass 325.7

Total 410

As % of total Irish gas demand 7.5%

• Notes: • 1. 3,873,525 tonnes agricultural slurry x 12.8m3 methane (CH4) per tonne x 1/0.97= 51.3Mm3 biomethane per annum (with

97% CH4 content).

• 2. 870,000 tonnes OFMSW x 25% recoverable x 69 m3 CH4 per tonne x 1/0.97= 15.6 Mm3 biomethane per annum.

• 3. 208,877 tonnes slaughter waste x 86 m3 CH4 per tonne x 1/0.97= 18.6 Mm3 biomethane per annum.

• 4. 97,500 hectares x 3,240 m3 CH4 per hectare x 1/0.97 = 325.7 Mm3 biomethane per annum.

• 5. Conversion assumes biomethane has an energy content of 36.8 MJ/Mm3.

Page 16: Cathal Renewable gas presentation 12.11.10

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Irish Renewable Targets

National Targets• RES-E: 40% electricity from renewable sources by 2020.• RES-H: 12% heating from renewable sources by 2020:

– Renewable energy accounted for 3.6% of thermal energy in 2008– Bio methane could deliver 6.5% to this target

• RES-T: 10% renewable fuels for transport by 2020:– Renewable energy accounted for 1.2% of transport energy in 2008– Bio methane could exceed this target (12%)

• Source: SEI EPSSU Energy in Ireland Key Statistics 2009.

Page 17: Cathal Renewable gas presentation 12.11.10

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The Cost of Producing Biomethane

Feedstock/scenario €/mn3

OFMSW (50,000 t/a) 0.14

Slaughter Waste (50,000 t/a) 0.73

Grass (137 ha, farm model) 0.97

Grass (137 ha, developer model)

1.10

Co-digest (slurry & grass) 1.23

Slurry (29,700 t/a) 1.83

The Cost of producing Biomethane, Green Gas Technologies Ltd., March 2010

Page 18: Cathal Renewable gas presentation 12.11.10

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Regional potential for grass biomethane

• Assessment criteria– Pasture area– Grass yields– Current farming practice– Gas grid coverage– Availability of belly grass

Source:

Determing the regional potential for a grass biomethane industry, Submitted to Applied Energy, October 2010.

Page 19: Cathal Renewable gas presentation 12.11.10

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Resource mapping

Source: EPA Corine Land Cover Data

Percentage pasture

Grass yields, gas grid & slaughter-houses

Page 20: Cathal Renewable gas presentation 12.11.10

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Potential for grass

Grass biogas Grass biomethane Grass + belly grass biomethane

Page 21: Cathal Renewable gas presentation 12.11.10

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Ballyhoura

Ballyhoura:• Within an area of high

potential• High pasture coverage• Good gas grid coverage• Good availability of belly

grass

Resource calculation:• 20 km transport distance to

gas grid

Page 22: Cathal Renewable gas presentation 12.11.10

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Ballyhoura: enough biomethane to heat 32,000 homes

Annual

feedstock

Biomethane

(Mmn3 yr-1)

Energy

(PJ yr-1)

Cars

(nr yr-1)

Houses

(nr yr-1)

Grass silage 261,727 ha 910.6 33.37 855,696 644,250

5% grass

silage

13,086 ha 45.5 1.67 42,785 32,213

Belly grass 5094 t

(20%DS)

0.3 0.01 316 238

Total (5%

grass + belly

grass)

45.9 1.68 43,101 32,450

Number of private cars in Limerick (city + county): 84,170

Number of meter points in Limerick (city + county): 25,366