Catalogo 2011 Apogee

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[email protected]

www.eiccontrol.com

Tel. +34 916280817

Fax +34 916280453

January 2011

Table of ContentsCompany Background ................................................................................ 2

Products

Sensors (require voltmeter or datalogger)Pyranometer (shortwave radiation) ................................................................... 4

Quantum (photosynthetic radiation) ................................................................. 6

Line Quantum (spatial average photosynthetic radiation) ..................................... 8

Ultraviolet Radiation (250-400 nm) ................................................................ 10

Infrared Radiometer (surface temperature) ..................................................... 12

Net Radiometer (shortwave and thermal radiation) ........................................... 14

Oxygen (O2 in air) ........................................................................................ 16

Barometric Pressure ..................................................................................... 18

Hand-held Meter/Sensor CombinationsPyranometer (shortwave radiation) ................................................................. 22

Quantum (photosynthetic radiation) ............................................................... 24

Ultraviolet Radiation (250-400 nm) ................................................................ 26

Oxygen (O2 in air) ........................................................................................ 28

Chlorophyll Content (non-destructive optical measurement) .............................. 30

SystemsSpectroradiometer ....................................................................................... 34

Clear Sky Calculator ................................................................................. 36

Recalibration ................................................................................................ 39

Accessories ................................................................................................... 40

Ordering ......................................................................................................... 41

Apogee Instruments is committed to creating innovative instrumentation for measuring climate change, improving sustainable food production and developing renewable energy.

Apogee was founded in 1996 by Bruce Bugbee, a professor at Utah State University, in response to a need for new types of environmental sensors in his research. In January 2008, Apogee expanded into a new facility located five miles from its roots in Bruce’s garage. The new facility is a passive solar building with an open internal architecture to provide natural lighting to all work stations. The building has radiant floor heat and is super-insulated with an R-80 roof, R-40 walls and R-3.4 low-emissivity thermopane glass. Convective air exchange is minimal due to careful sealing during construction.

The climate inside the building is monitored and controlled with a Campbell Scientific datalogger coupled to 64 multiplexer input channels and 32 output control channels. Internal temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, oxygen, external temperature, solar radiation and wind are graphed in real time on centrally-located computer screens. The Apogee logo on the rooftop is visible from commercial aircraft flying at 8,000 meters (26,000 ft). Visitors are welcome!

About Apogee

2

Sensors

Measure:• shortwave radiation• photosynthetic photon flux• ultraviolet radiation • ambient oxygen

3 www.eiccontrol.com

A pyranometer measures total shortwave radiation, in W m-2. The SP series are silicon-cell pyranometers and are calibrated to measure the total solar spectrum from 280-3000 nm. The calibration is traceable to reference pyranometers at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) via replicate Kipp & Zonen model CM11 pyranometers. The reference pyranometers at NREL are traceable to the world shortwave radiation reference in Davos, Switzerland.

SP series pyranometers feature a cosine-corrected, dome-shaped, self-cleaning design that maintains high accuracy over all zenith angles (see Figure 2).

SP series pyranometers are available in un-amplified and amplified versions. Un-amplified versions are self-powered and compatible with most dataloggers. The two amplified versions are designed for use with lower resolution dataloggers.

Applications include:

• shortwave radiation measurement for evapotranspiration calculation in agricultural, ecological and hydrological weather stations

• site evaluation and solar panel efficiency measurement in the solar power industry

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The self-cleaning convex lens is designed to

accurately measure low-angle radiation coming

from the sun in the morning and evening.

Measure shortwave radiation

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SpecificationsCosine Response:

• 45º zenith angle: < 1%• 75º zenith angle: ± 4%

Absolute Accuracy:• ± 5%

Uniformity: • ± 3%

Repeatability:• ± 1%

Long-Term Drift:• Less than 3% per year

Mass:• 70 g (with 5 m lead wire)

Operating Environment:• -25 to 55 C• 0 to 100% relative humidity• Designed for continuous outdoor use• Submersible in water

Warranty:• 1 year against defects in materials and

workmanship

SP-110 only:• Responsivity: 0.20 mV per W m-2

• In Full Sunlight: 220 mV (1100 W m-2)• Linear Range: 0 - 350 mV (0 - 1750 W

m-2)• Sensitivity: custom calibrated to exactly

5.00 W m-2 per mV• Input power: none, self-powered

SP-212 & 215 Amplified only:• Current Draw: 285 µA

2.5 V Option (SP-212):• Output: 0 to 2.5 V (2.2 V = full sunlight 1100 W

m-2)• Input Power: 2.5 to 5.5 VDC• Sensitivity: Custom calibrated to exactly 0.5 W

m-2 per mV

5.0 V Option (SP-215):• Output: 0 to 5 V (4.4 V = full sunlight 1100 W

m-2)• Input Power: 5 to 5.5 VDC• Sensitivity: Custom calibrated to exactly 0.25 W

m-2 per mV

SP-110 Pyranometer, 0.2V output (5 m lead length) ....................................-L-10 with 10 m lead length .....................................................................-L-15 with 15 m lead length .....................................................................-L-20 with 20 m lead length .....................................................................SP-212 Amplified pyranometer, 2.5V output (5 m lead length) ......................SP-215 Amplified pyranometer, 5V output (5 m lead length) ........................

AccessoryAL-100 Leveling plate (pg 40) ....................................................................

Figure 1

Figure 2

Cosine response of SP series.

Graph shows percent error of Apogee SP-110 relative to Kipp & Zonen CM21 at zenith angles throughout the day.


The Apogee Quantum Sensor is waterproof and fully submersible.

The Apogee Quantum Meter is splash resistant.Q

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Apogee quantum sensors measure photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), in μmol m-2 s-1 and are calibrated to measure PPF under either sunlight (model SQ-110) or electric light (model SQ-120). The calibration is referenced to an NIST-traceable calibration lamp.

SQ series quantum sensors are available in un-amplified and amplified versions. Un-amplified versions (SQ-110 and 120) are self-powered and compatible with most dataloggers. Four amplified versions (SQ-212, 215, 222 and 225), 0-2.5 V and 0-5.0 V outputs are each available with electric or sunlight calibration, are designed for use with lower resolution dataloggers.


• daily total PPF calculation for studies in the field, greenhouse and growth chamber

• measuring PPF for coral in salt water aquariums

Measure photosynthetic photon flux

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SpecificationsCosine Response

• 45º zenith angle: ± 1%• 75º zenith angle: ± 5%

Absolute Accuracy• ± 5%

Uniformity• ±3%

Repeatability• ± 1%

Long-Term Drift• Less than 3% per year

Operating Environment• -25 to 55 C• 0 to 100% relative humidity• Designed for continuous outdoor use• Can be submerged in water

Warranty• 1 year against defects in materials and

workmanship

Current Draw (SQ-212,215,222,225)• 285 µA

2.5 V Option• Output: 0 to 2.5 V (2.0 V = full sunlight

2000 µmol m-2 s-1)• Input Power: 2.5 to 5.5 VDC• Sensitivity: Custom calibrated to

exactly 1.0 µmol m-2 s-1

5.0 V Option• Output 0 to 5 V (4.0 V = full sunlight

2000 µmol m-2 s-1)• Input Power: 5 to 5.5 VDC• Sensitivity: Custom calibrated to

exactly 0.5 µmol m-2 s-1

SQ-110 Sun quantum sensor (5 m lead length) ..........................................-L-10 with 10 m lead length .....................................................................-L-15 with 15 m lead length .....................................................................-L-20 with 20 m lead length .....................................................................SQ-120 Electric quantum sensor (5 m lead length) .....................................

Amplified (5 m lead length)SQ-212 Quantum sensor, 2.5V, sun ..........................................................SQ-215 Quantum sensor, 5V, sun ..............................................................SQ-222 Quantum sensor, 2.5V, electric ......................................................SQ-225 Quantum sensor, 5V, electric .........................................................

Accessory AL-100 Leveling plate (pg 40) ...................................................................

Figure 1

Apogee Quantum Sensor spectral response shown with actual plant response and defined quantum response.


Measure the spatial average photosynthetic photon flux

Quantum sensors are also available as line quantum sensors, with multiple sensors mounted along a bar to provide a spatially-averaged PPF measurement. Three standard models are available and custom versions can be manufactured upon request.

Line quantum sensors are often used to measure PPF below plant canopies to determine radiation capture of the canopy.

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Line Quantum (5 m lead length)SQ-311 Quantum 70 cm line, 10 sensors, sun ............................................SQ-313 Quantum 50 cm line, 3 sensors, sun ..............................................SQ-316 Quantum 50 cm line, 6 sensors, sun ..............................................SQ-319 Custom quantum, sun, starting at: ................................................SQ-321 Quantum 70 cm line, 10 sensors, electric .......................................SQ-323 Quantum 50 cm line, 3 sensors, electric .........................................SQ-326 Quantum 50 cm line, 6 sensors, electric .........................................SQ-329 Custom line quantum, electric, starting at: .....................................


• 45º zenith angle: ± 1%• 75º zenith angle: ± 5%


Uniformity• ±3%



Operating Environment• -25 to 55 C• 0 to 100% relative humidity• Designed for continuous outdoor use• Can be submerged in water

Dimensions• SQ-313, 316, 323, 326: 50 cm• SQ-311, 321: 70 cm

Mass• SQ-313, 316, 323, 326: 275 g• SQ-311, 321: 375 g


workmanship


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The SU-100 is a photodiode-based UV sensor sensitive to radiation from approximately 250-400 nm (see figure 1). This spans the UV-A, UV-B and UV-C wavelength ranges and provides a measurement of total UV radiation. The calibration is NIST-traceable.

The SU-100 cannot be used to selectively measure the different UV radiation bands because the photodiode is not equally sensitive to all UV wavelengths; it is calibrated to measure total UV radiation.

Full Sunlight (170 µmol m-2 s-1)

UV Radiation

= sensor output * conversion factor = 26 mV * 5 = 170 µmol m-2 s-1

Example Conversion

Factor: 5Sensor Output (26 mV)

Measure ultraviolet radiation


• instantaneous and daily total UV radiation dosage monitoring in biological studies

• determining the UV filtering capacity of transparent plastic and glass barriers

Figure 1

Conversion from mv signal to µmol m-2 s-1.

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The sensor is sensitive to UV-B radiation, but it is included with the UV-A radiation to provide a total measurement of UV radiation.

SpecificationsAbsolute Accuracy

• ± 10%

Uniformity• ± 5%


Responsivity• Approximately 0.15 mV per µmol m-2 s-1

Output in Full Sunlight• Approximately 26 mV (170 µmol m-2 s-1)

Linear Range• 0 to 60 mV

Sensitivity• Calibrated to approximately 6.5 µmol m-2

s-1 per mV

Input Power• None, self-powered

Current Drain• None, self-powered

Mass• 70 g

Operating Environment• -25 to 55 C• 0 to 100% Rh• Continuous outdoor use• Submersible in water


workmanship

SU-100 Ultraviolet Sensor (5 m lead length) ..............................................

AccessoryAL-100 Leveling plate (pg 40) ...................................................................

Figure 2


Model SI-111 half-angle = 22.0°Model SI-121 half-angle = 18.0°

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An infrared radiometer measures surface temperatures without contact. Apogee SI series sensors are sensitive to radiation in the 8-14 µm waveband, thereby minimizing water vapor and carbon dioxide absorption/emission effects. Sensors include an internal thermistor to measure sensor temperature. This internal temperature is used to correct the target temperature and provide accurate measurements over a wide range of temperatures (-40 to 70 C).

The sensors are available in either standard or narrow field of view (see Figure 1). The area that the sensor actually measures is dependent on field of view and sensor mounting geometry. The standard field of view radiometer measures an area of approximately 2.1 m2 (a circle with a diameter of 1.6 m) when it is mounted two meters above the target surface and pointed straight down.

These sensors were designed to interface with Campbell Scientific dataloggers capable of making high accuracy voltage measurements in the sub-μV range.

Applications include monitoring:

• plant canopy temperature for water stress detection

• soil surface temperature in land surface energy balance studies

• water surface temperature for use in weather forecasting

• snow surface temperature to aid in avalanche prediction

• road surface temperature for determination of icing conditions

Measure the surface temperature of

• plant canopies• soil• snow• roads• water

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Figure 2

Angling the sensor while maintaining sensor height can significantly increase area measured.

For applications where sensor is oriented at 90o angle to target, field of view can be calculated with trigonometry.

SpecificationsAccuracy -10 to 65 C

• ± 0.2 C absolute accuracy• ± 0.1 C uniformity• ± 0.05 C repeatability

Accuracy -40 to 70 C• ± 0.5 C absolute accuracy• ± 0.3 C uniformity• ± 0.1 C repeatability and uniformity

Field of View• Standard: 22º half angle• Narrow: 18º half angle

Wavelength Range• 8 - 14 µm (corresponds to atmospheric

window)

Response Time• < 1 second to changes in target

temperature

Output Target Temp• Standard: 60 µv per C difference from

sensor body• Narrow: 40 µv per C difference from

sensor body

Output Sensor Body Temp• Standard: 0 - 2500 mV• Precision Narrow: 0 - 2500 mV

Input Power• 2.5 V excitation

Datalogger Channels• 1 differential (detector)• 1 single-ended (thermistor)

Optics• Germanium lens

Mass• 190 g

Operating Environment• -55 to 80 C• 0 to 100% non-condensing relative

humidity • Water resistant• Designed for continuous outdoor use


workmanship

SI-111 Infrared sensor (5 m lead length) ...................................................-L-10 with 10 meter lead length ...............................................................-L-15 with 15 meter lead length ...............................................................-L-20 with 20 meter lead length ...............................................................SI-121 Infrared sensor with narrow field of view (5 m lead length) ................

Figure 1


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rA net radiometer measures the difference between incoming and outgoing radiation (both shortwave and longwave components), in W m-2. The CNR 2 net radiometer (manufactured by Kipp & Zonen) measures net shortwave and net longwave radiation separately via individual shortwave and longwave sensors. The shortwave and longwave sensors each have upward and downward facing radiation detectors; the two shortwave signals from the detectors are combined, as are the two longwave radiation signals. As a result, there are two outputs, one proportional to net shortwave radiation and the other proportional to net longwave radiation. The calibration of both shortwave and longwave is traceable to the world radiation references in Davos, Switzerland. CNR 2 net radiometer performance was tested relative to multiple net radiometer models in a recent study*; replicate CNR 2 net radiometers were highly accurate under the conditions of the study.

CNR 2 net radiometers feature a compact, lightweight design that facilitates mounting.

Applications include net radiation measurement in surface energy balance studies, particularly water and carbon cycling studies in:

• agriculture

• ecology

• hydrology

• biogeochemistry

Related Product

SP SeriesA pyranometer is another option to verify shortwave radiation.

Measure net shortwave and net longwave radiation

*Blonquist Jr., J.M., B. Bugbee, and B.D. Tanner, 2009. Evaluation of measurement accuracy and comparison of two new and three traditional net radiometers. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 149:1709-1721.

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SpecificationsRange

• Pyranometer: 0 to 4000 W m-2

• Pyrgeometer: -250 to 250 W m-2

Non-Linearity• Pyranometer: (0 to 1000 W m-2) < 2%• Pyrgeometer: (-250 to 250 W

m-2) < 1%

Zero Offset• Pyranometer: < 15 W m-2

Directional Error• < 20 W m-2

Response Time 95%• 10 s

Temperature Error• (-10 to 40 C) < 5%

Spectral Range • Pyranometer: 0.31 to 2.8 µm• Pyrgeometer: 4.5 to 42 µm

Field of View• Pyranometer - Upper: 180º; Lower: 150º• Pyrgeometer - Upper: 150º; Lower: 150º

Sensor Asymmetry• < 5%

Sensitivity• 10 to 20 µV per W m-2 (for both

shortwave and longwave)

Annual Sensitivity Change• < 1%

Tilt Error• < 1%

Uncertainty in Daily Total• < 10%

Dimensions• 4 x 20 x 7 cm long; 30 cm mounting rod

Cable• 10 m

Mass• 250 g (+300 g for 10 m cable)

Operating Environment• -40 to 80 C• 0 - 100 Rh• Designed for continuous outdoor use


workmanship

Kipp & Zonen CNR2 Net Radiometer ......................................................

Figure 1

Sensor combines incoming and outgoing radiation for longwave and shortwave, providing two outputs.


Related ProductSB-100 The Barometric Pressure Sensor is recommended for use with oxygen sensors, which are sensitive to barometric pressure fluctuations.O

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Two attachments are available for SO series sensors, a diffusion head and a flow through head. The diffusion head (AO-001) facilitates soil measurements by keeping soil from contacting the sensing element. The flow through head (AO-002) facilitates in-line flow measurements by providing attachments for the gas flow lines.


• subsurface oxygen measurement in biogeochemical cycling studies

• soil aeration characterization

• monitoring oxygen levels in biological gas exchange studies.

Our galvanic cell oxygen sensors measure oxygen gas in air (not dissolved oxygen). They respond to absolute oxygen concentration in the atmosphere, though they can be calibrated to read out in relative units (percent or mole fraction). The sensor can be calibrated in ambient air, where the oxygen mole fraction is 0.2095 mole per mole-1 of air.

Our sensors include an internal thermistor (or thermocouple) to measure sensor temperature, which can be used to correct sensor output and provide a more accurate oxygen measurement over a wide range of temperatures (-10 to 50 C). An internal resistance heater prevents condensation from forming on the membrane through which oxygen diffusion occurs. It warms the sensor 1 C above ambient temperature. This is important in soil environments where relative humidity is at or near 100%.

The sensors are available in long life (SO-110 and SO-120) or fast response versions. Long life versions have a higher output, but slower response time; they are ideal for applications in soil. Fast response versions (SO-210 and SO-220) have lower output and shorter lifetime. They are designed for use in laboratory applications where oxygen is measured as it flows through a line.

Measure oxygen in air

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SpecificationsAccuracy

• < 0.02% O2 drift per day

Repeatability• ± 0.001% O2 (10 ppm)

Range• 0 to 100% O2

Response Time• SO-100 Series: 60 seconds• SO-200 Series: 12 seconds

Output (Ambient O2)• SO-100 Series: ~50 mV• SO-200 Series: ~12 mV

Input Power• 12 V power for heater• 2.5 V excitation for thermistor (SO-110 &

210)

Diffusion Head• 3.5 cm long by 3.5 cm diameter• 125 mesh screen

Flow-Through Head• 3.2 cm long by 3.2 cm diameter• 1/8” barbed adapters for hose connections

Gas Effect• CO2, CO, NO, NO2, H2S, H2,

CH4 - No effect• NH3, HCI, C6H6 (Benzene) - <1%

Mass• 175 g

Operating Environment• -20 to 60 C• 0 to 100% relative humidity• 60 to 140 kPa


workmanship

Oxygen Sensor (5 m lead length)SO-110 Oxygen sensor for soil, thermistor temperature reference......................SO-120 Oxygen sensor for soil, thermocouple temperature reference .................SO-210 Oxygen sensor fast response, thermistor temperature reference ............SO-220 Oxygen sensor fast response, thermocouple temperature reference ........

Accessories (pg 40)AO-001 Diffusion head .............................................................................AO-002 Flow-through head .......................................................................

Long-life vs. fast response sensor characteristics for output voltage and long-term drift. AO-001

Diffusion Head

AO-002Flow-through

Head

Figure 1


Related ProductSO 100 & 200 Series These sensors are useful for monitoring soil respiration, aeration and gaseous O2 levels in laboratory studies. B

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The SB-100 measures barometric pressure in kPa, via a silicon-based pressure detector with specialized circuitry to linearize and amplify output. The sensor is contained within a small package and is designed to be housed inside the same enclosure as the datalogger.

The SB-100 was developed for barometric pressure monitoring in conjunction with oxygen measurements in order to correct oxygen measurements for pressure changes. The SB-100 can also be used for routine barometric pressure measurements.

Measure barometric pressure

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Specifications

Accuracy• ± 1.5%

Sensitivity• 45.9 mV per kPa

Operating Range• -40 to 125 C

Storage Temperature• -40 to 125 C

Pressure Range• 15 to 115 kPa

Input Power• 5.0 VDC

Current Draw• 7.0 mA DC

Response Time• 1.0 ms

Full Scale Output• 5.0 VDC

Mass• 2 g

Cable• 20 cm pigtail


workmanship

A comparison of barometric pressure measurements over 538 days in Logan, Utah at 1,500 m elevation, made by five sensors. All sensors were in an interior environment.

SB-100 Barometric pressure sensor ............................................................

Figure 1


Fat Spaniel Technologies

Monitoring and visualization tools from Fat Spaniel Technologies provide real-time monitoring of energy generation and usage for residential, commercial and institutional buildings.

Apogee pyranometers are installed with the Fat Spaniel solar power systems to provide a reference for monitoring purposes.

See www.fatspaniel.com for more information.

Applications

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Meter-SensorCombinations

Record instantaneous sensor readings


Viewable on meter display & downloadable to a PC:

• (SMPL) 99 Sample Measurements

• (LOG) 99 Log Measurements

Downloadable only:

• (LOG) 99 Daily Total Measurements

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MP series solar radiation meters provide rapid, mobile measurements of instantaneous shortwave radiation, daily total shortwave radiation integration and datalogging capability using our SP series pyranometer.

Two versions of the meter are available, one with a fixed sensor mounted on top of the meter body (MP-100) and one with a remote sensor connected to the handheld meter via two meters of cable (MP-200).

Measure shortwave radiation

MP-200 with remote sensor

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• 45º zenith angle: < 1%• 75º zenith angle: ± 4%

Memory• 99 manually stored data points• Automatically store 99 consecutive 30

minute averages• 99 daily totals


Uniformity• ± 3%


Input Power• Standard 3 V coin cell battery

Dimensions• 2.4 cm diameter by 2.75 cm height

Display• 4.2 by 2.8 cm

Range• 0 to 1999 W m-2

Mass• MP-100: 150 g• MP-200: 180 g

Operating Environment• 0 to 50 C• Less than 90% non-condensing,

relative humidity up to 30 C• Less than 70% relative humidity

from 30 to 50 C

Warranty• 1 year against defects in materials

and workmanship

MP-100 on mounting plate AL-210

MP-100 Pyranometer meter, integral sensor ...............................................MP-200 Pyranometer meter, remote sensor ................................................

Accessories (pg 40)AL-100 Leveling plate ...............................................................................AL-210 Leveling plate and mount for meters w/ integral sensor......................AC-100 Communication cable & software for downloading data to PC...............


MQ-300 with line sensor

MQ series quantum meters provide rapid, mobile measurements of instantaneous PPF, daily total PPF integration and datalogging capability using our SQ series quantum sensors. MQ series quantum meters contain accurate calibration settings for measurement of sunlight and electric light and can be set to display either measurement.

Two meter versions are available, one with a fixed sensor mounted on top of the handheld meter (MQ-100) and one with a remote sensor connected to the handheld meter via two meters of cable (MQ-200 & 300 series).

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Viewable on meter display & downloadable to a PC:



Downloadable only:


Measure instantaneous photosynthetic photon flux

MQ-200 with remote sensor

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MQ-100 with integral sensor

SpecificationsMemory

• 99 manually stored data points• Automatically store 99 consecutive 30



Measurement Range• 0 to 2999 µmol m

Display• 4.5 cm width by 2.8 cm height

Mass• MQ-100: 150 g• MQ-200: 180 g• MQ-301: 380 g• MQ-303, MQ-306: 300 g

Operating Environment• 0 to 50 C• Less than 90% non-condensing relative

humidity up to 30 C• Less than 70% relative humidity from 30

to 50 C


workmanship

MQ-100 Quantum meter, integral sensor ....................................................MQ-200 Quantum meter, remote sensor ....................................................MQ-301 Line quantum 70-10 with meter ...................................................MQ-303 Line quantum 50-3 with meter .....................................................MQ-306 Line quantum 50-6 with meter .....................................................


These meters feature our innovative, self-

cleaning, cosine-corrected, blue lens

for improved spectral response and long-

term stability.


MU series UV radiation meters provide rapid, mobile measurements of instantaneous UV radiation, daily total UV radiation integration and datalogging capability using our SU series UV sensors. MU series UV meters may be set for output of UV measurement in units of μmol m-2 s-1 or W m 2.

Two versions of the meter are available, one with a fixed sensor mounted on top of the handheld meter (MU-100) and one with a remote sensor connected to the handheld meter via two meters of cable (MU-200).

Ult

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downloadable to a PC:



Downloadable only:


Measure ultraviolet radiation

This sensor is particularly useful for determining the UV filtering capacity of transparent plastic and glass barriers commonly used below electric lamps.

MU-200 with remote sensor

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SpecificationsMemory

• 99 manually stored data points• Automatically store 99 consecutive 30




Range• 0 - 199.9 µmol m-2 s-1 (full UV in sunlight;

170 µmol m-2 s-1)



Mass• MU-100: 150 g• MU-200: 180 g

Operating Environment• 0 to 50 C• Less than 90% non-condensing, relative

humidity up to 30 C• Less than 70% relative humidity from 30

to 50 C


workmanship

Although the relative wavelengths of UV radiation differ between sunlight and electric lights, our measurements indicate that this sensor provides a close estimate of the UV radiation coming from electric lamps.

MU-100 Ultraviolet meter, integral sensor ..................................................MU-200 Ultraviolet meter, remote sensor ...................................................


Spectroradiometer µmol m-2 s-1; 300-400 nm

Apogee UV meter vs spectroradiometer under metal halide and high-pressure sodium lamps

Figure 1


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MO series oxygen meters provide rapid, mobile measurements of instantaneous oxygen mole fraction, daily average oxygen mole fraction and datalogging capability using the fast response oxygen sensor.

Being a galvanic cell type sensor, a small amount of oxygen is consumed in the reaction in order to produce the current flow and subsequent mV output. The oxygen consumption was measured to be 2.2 micromoles (µmol) O2 per day when the O2 concentration was 20.95% (3240 mmol) at 23 degrees Celsius.

Each meter can store up to 99 manually recorded measurements. In automatic mode, measurements are made every 30 seconds and averages are stored every 30 minutes. Daily averages are also calculated and the past 99 days are recorded. The AC-100 communication cable must be purchased to download data to a PC.

Viewable on meter display & downloadable:



Downloadable only:


Measure oxygen gas concentration

This meter is useful for

• monitoring soil respiration

• soil aeration

• gaseous O2 levels in the field or laboratory

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Specifications

Memory• 99 manually stored data points • Automatically store 99 consecutive 30


Accuracy• < 0.02% O2 drift per day

Repeatability• ± 0.001% O2 (10 ppm)

Range• 0 to 100% O2

Response Time• 14 seconds


Gas Effect• CO2, CO, NO, NO2, H2S, H2,

CH4 - No effect• NH3, HCI, C6H6 (Benzene) - <1%

Diffusion Head (AO-001)• 3.5 cm tall by 3.5 cm diameter • 125 mesh screen• Creates air pocket

Flow-Through Head (AO-002)• 3.2 cm long by 3.2 cm diameter• 1/8” barbed adapters• For hose connections


Mass• Meter: 80 g• Sensor and wire: 175 g

Operating Environment• 0 to 50 C• < 90% non-condensing relative

humidity up to 30 C• < 70% relative humidity from 30 to 60

C• 60 to 150 kPa


workmanship

MO-200 Oxygen Meter ............................................................................Accessories (pg 40)

AC-100 Communication cable & software for downloading data to PC ..............AO-001 Diffusion head .............................................................................AO-002 Flow-through head .......................................................................

Figure 1

Effect of humidity on relative O2 concentration at varying temperatures.

Measurement of seed respiration by O2 depletion.


Related Product

The spectroradiometer measures reflectance and transmission.

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The CCM-200 (manufactured by Opti-Sciences, Inc., Hudson, New Hampshire, USA) indicates the relative chlorophyll content of leaves by measuring the chlorophyll content index (CCI). See Figure 1 for more detail.

The CCM-200 integrates a large leaf area in order to provide a representative spatial average of leaf CCI. It also includes datalogging capability and GPS synchronization.


• relative chlorophyll content comparison within and between plant species

• chlorophyll content estimation based on published equations relating CCI to chlorophyll content

Take non-destructive measurements of relative chlorophyll concentration

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Chlorophyll Meter ratios transmission at 653 and 931 nm to approximate chlorophyll concentration.

SpecificationsMeasured Parameters

• Ratio of optical transmission at 931 nm (50 nm half-bandwidth) divided by transmission at 653 nm (25 nm half-bandwidth)

Measurement Area• 71 mm2• 0.95 cm diameter

Resolution• ± 0.1 Chlorophyll Concentration Index

(CCI) unit

Input & Output• Mini USB port provided for main data

transfer• RS-232 port can be used as backup data

transfer with software• RS-232 port can also be used with GPS for

integrated measurement

Detectors• Two silicon photodiodes with integral

amplifiers

Sample Acquisition Time• 2 - 3 seconds

Radiation Source• Two LEDs

Range• 0 to 200

User Interface• 50 mm by 15 mm graphic display screen• 8 keys for control and data manipulation• Beep-signal for status and warnings

Storage Capacity• Internal datalogging of over 100,000

measurements

Temperature Drift• Temperature compensated source and

detector circuitry for minimum drift over full range

Operating Temperature• 0 - 50 C

Input Power• Standard 9 V alkaline battery (included)

Mass• 220 g (with battery)


workmanship

Integrates a leaf area 10 times larger than the Minolta chlorophyll meter

and is 2/3 the price.

Designed to make measurements quickly and store them by the

thousands.

CCM-200 Chlorophyll Content Meter .......................................................

Figure 1

31 www.eicccontrol.com

Applications

T-FACE:

Temperature Free-Air Controlled Enhancement

This type of experiment applies a heating treatment to open-field plant canopies, simulating models of future warmer conditions. Dr. Bruce Kimball of the Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center and colleagues design and operate such experiments. In 2005 they developed a proportional–integrative–derivative control system for controlling the rise in temperatures. Apogee Infrared Radiometers provided the data on control and heated plot temperatures.

Dr. Kimball and his colleagues have developed hexagonal arrays of infrared heaters that produce uniform warming across 3-meter-diameter plots. The degree of warming is maintained using the proportional-integrative-derivative control system for controlling the rise in temperatures. Apogee Infrared Radiometers (housed in a white PVC pipe radiation shield in the photo) sense the canopy temperatures of the heated plots as well as unheated reference plots which are used by dataloggers to modulate the output of the heaters.

Similar infrared warming experimentation using this design and Apogee Infrared Radiometer sensors are also underway in Haibei, Qinghai, China; Cheyenne, WY; Ely and Cloquet, MN; Urbana, IL; Lexington, KY, and several other places around the world.

Kimball, B. A., 2005. Theory and performance of an infrared heater for ecosystem warming.

Kimball, B.A., M.M. Conley, S. Wang, X. Lin, C. Luo, J. Morgan, and D. Smith. 2008. Infrared heater arrays for warming ecosystem field plots. Global Change Biology 14:309-320.

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Systems

Measure photon and energy flux



• irradiance

• luminance

• transmission

• absorption

• detailed analysis of radiation sources and barriers

Sp

ectr

ora

dio

me

ter

A spectroradiometer measures the spectral (wavelength-dependent) intensity of radiation within a specific wavelength range. PS series spectroradiometers (manufactured by StellarNet, Inc.) measure ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared wavelengths. Three models are available for different wavelength ranges. PS series calibrations are traceable to an NIST-traceable calibration lamp.

Detectors for PS series spectroradiometers are built by Apogee and feature a cosine-corrected castle design to accurately measure radiation at all incidence angles.

PS series spectroradiometers come complete with all required components for portable use, including a carrying case.

A computer is required to interface with PS series spectroradiometers in order to view measurements, download data and power the instrument. Required software is included.

Measure photon flux and energy flux with half nanometer bandwidth resolution

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Figure 1

Photons at shorter wavelengths have higher energy per photon. This graph demonstrates the relationship between photon flux measured in moles and energy flux measured in Joules.

SpecificationsWavelength Range

• PS-100: 350 to 1000 nm• PS-200: 300 to 850 nm• PS-300: 300 to 1000 nm

Base Unit Size• PS-100: 15.5 x 9.5 x 4 cm• PS-200: 15.5 x 11 x 8 cm• PS-300: 15.5 x 11 x 8 cm

Base Unit Mass• PS-100: 500 g• PS-200: 900 g• PS-300: 900 g

Detector• 2048 pixel; 14 by 200 um

microelement array

Linear Range• 0 - 2.1 absorbance units (< 0.5%)

Exposure Range• 4 milliseconds to 60 seconds (synoptic

multi-channel)

Integration Time Range• 4 to 6500 ms

Optical Cable• 2 meters armored cable; cables are not

interchangeable

Wavelength Resolution• 0.5 nm

Wavelength Repeatability• < 0.05 nm

Wavelength Stability• < 0.001 nm per degree C

Dynamic Range• 1 to 4096 counts (± 0.5%)

Signal to Noise Ratio• Up to 1000:1

Warranty• 1 year against defects in materials

and workmanship

PS-100 Spectroradiometer PAR/NIR (350-1000 nm) .................................PS-200 Spectroradiometer UV/PAR (300-850 nm) ....................................PS-300 Spectroradiometer UV/NIR (300-1000 nm) ..................................

Accessories (pg 40)AS-001 Pre-programmed sub notebook computer ...................................AS-003 Reflectance probe .......................................................................AS-004 Reflectance standard ..................................................................


The clear sky calculator is a free web-based tool that estimates the intensity of shortwave radiation and photosynthetic photon flux, under a clear sky, falling on the Earth’s surface at any time of day in any location around the world. The calculator is primarily used to determine the need for recalibration of solar radiation and photosynthetically active radiation sensors. Radiation estimates produced by the calculator are most accurate near solar noon during summer months. In a recent study, calculator accuracy was reported to be ± 3 % when used under optimal conditions*; sensitivity to required input parameters was also reviewed in the study. The calculator is found at www.clearskycalculator.com.

Cle

ar

Sk

y C

alc

ula

tor

*ASCE Standardized Reference Evapotranspiration Equation. American Society of Civil Engineers. Reston, Virginia, USA. 2005.

Determine the need for recalibration of radiation sensors

36

Figure 1

Figure 2

Screen shot of ClearSky Calculator data entry screen.

Solar radiation curve for summer day with clear sky shown for shortwave and photosynthetic radiation.


Applications

Reflectance

Dr. Glen Ritchie of the University of Georgia has used the PS-100 Spectroradiometer to take reflectance measurements in cotton fields and estimate defoliation.

Chlorophyll gives plant leaves a reflectance spectrum characteristically different from that of soil. Reflectance measurements can be reported in µmol m-2s-1, W m-2, or as a relative value.

Ritchie, G.I., C.W. Bednarz, 2005. Estimating Defoliation of Two Distinct Cotton Types Using Reflectance Data. The Journal of Cotton Science, 9:182-188.

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Recalibration

We offer sensor recalibrations for both Apogee products and those from other companies.

Call or email our tech support to get information on recalibration or to get a RMA number to send in your sensors.

Recalibration of Apogee Instruments sensorsAll self-powered sensors/meters ......................................................................................

Amplified sensors .............................................................................................................

Infrared sensors .............................................................................................................

Spectroradiometers .......................................................................................................

Recalibration of other companies’ sensorsSilicon pyranometers or quantum sensors .......................................................................

Black-body Pyranometers .............................................................................................

Tech Support

Phone: +34 916280817

Email: [email protected]


AC-100 Communication cable required for data download to a computer. Works with MP, MQ, MU and MO meters.

AL-100 A mounting plate used to keep meters with remote sensors level. Works with sensors SP, SQ 100 & 200 Series, SU and meters in the 200 Series.

AL-210 Leveling plate and mounting base for meters with integral sensors. Works with meters in the 100 series (meter not included).

AO-001 The Diffusion Head is made for the Oxygen Sensor. The attachment is ideal for measurements made in soil.

AO-002 The Flow-Through Head is made for the Oxygen Sensor. The attachment is ideal for in-line measurements.

Accessories

AS-003 Reflectance probe for spectroradiometer.

AS-004 Reflectance standard for spectroradiometer.

AS-001 Pre-programmed sub notebook computer for spectroradiometer.

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Ordering InformationMost products can be ordered at:

For more ordering information contact:

Company ContactEquipos Instrumentación y Control SL

C/ Fresno 1-bis - Urb. Prado Norte

28110 Algete - Madrid

Technical SupportFor technical information contact:

+34 916280817 (Phone)

+34 916280453 (Fax)

Hours:

9 AM - 6 PM

Monday - Friday

Ordering

www.eiccontrol.com

[email protected]

[email protected]


Make better measurements

Catalogo 2011 Apogee

Documents

ultraviolet radiation

thermal radiation

internal temperature

new facility

oxygen o2

passive solar building

external temperature

net radiometer shortwave