carbon neutral challenge passivhaus standard research and study meeting the challenge passive house ± Passivhaus ± future house Mies van der Rohe, Tugendhat House, 1930 the south facing wall is a sophisticated mechanism of environmental control two entire sections of the glazing can be mechanically lowered below the sill line to open up the entire space on summer days. The window head houses retractable roller blinds to shade the glass and interior from unwanted solar gains. The living space has a warm air heating system that could DOVR EH XVHG IRU FRROLQJ« µ$QG LW ZRUNV EHDXWLIXOO\¶ Daniela Hammer Tugendhat.
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carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
passive house Passivhaus future house
Mies van der Rohe, Tugendhat House, 1930
the south facing wall is a sophisticated mechanism of environmental control - two entire sections of the glazing can be mechanically lowered below the sill line to open up the entire space on summer days. The window head houses retractable roller blinds to shade the glass and interior from unwanted solar gains. The living space has a warm air heating system that could
Daniela Hammer-Tugendhat.
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
passive house is not a recent invention
it is a rediscovery of an old set of principles that places the emphasis on quality rather than quantity
traditionally the design of buildings
responded to and modified microclimaterealized internal and external environments appropriate to functionconstructed from indigenous materials by local crafts peopleprovided somewhat comfortable conditionsminimal impact on environment in life cycle
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
utilised prevailing wind direction
orientationlocationform layout of spaces
Palladio, 1550, Villa Rotunda
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
optimised daylight availability
orientationformspace dimensionslocation of openings
Scamozzi, 1574, Villa Rocca
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
encapsulated solar design
orientationformlayout of spacesthermal mass
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
distribution of internal spaces and functionsdimensions and location of openingsglazing ratio and position
Frank Lloyd Wright, 1943, Jacobs houseSchindler, 1932, Kings Road house
enhanced solar access
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
constructed with natural materials
form envelope structure and skincharacteristics of exposed thermal mass
Le Corbusier, 1933, Maison de weekend
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
thresholdevaporation-coolingshelter - shade
modified topography and vegetation
Mies van der Rohe, 1929, Barcelona Pavillion
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
increasing energy demand and dwindling supplyrequirements of EU energy and environmental legislationavailability
new materials and methods of constructioninnovative technologies and componentscomputer design simulation software
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
EU Directive Energy end-use Efficiency and Energy Services (ESD) 2006
Post Kyoto-further 20% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2020provides a framework to enhance the cost effective improvement of energy use efficiencyassist in achievement of targets set out in national plans
EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive(EPBD) RECAST 2010
specific building performance targets
(public) and 2020 (all buildings)retrofit to cost optimal standards
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
National Energy Efficiency Plan for Ireland 2007-2020sets out path to achieve 20% energy reduction by 2020 and deliver
Programme for Government 2007-2010ambitious building performance requirementsnew dwellings 60% improvement 2005 requirements by 2010ambitious / realistic targets buildings other than dwellingscarbon neutral dwellings by 2013
Carbon Neutral Framework 2013 - Consultationprovide flexible mechanisms for balancing / offsetting carbon for varying scales of development
Government Policy on Architecture 2009-2015
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
Passivhaus standard
refers to a specific construction standard developed by PHIprovides good comfort conditions during winter and summer without the need for a traditional heating system
requirements for certification
yearly space heating requirement (delivered energy)15 kWh/m treated floor area and upper limit for total primary energy demand for heating, ventilation, electricity for fans and pumps, household appliances, and lighting not exceeding 120 kWh/m /yr, regardless of energy source
Air permeability test results not exceed 0.6 ac/h @ 50Pa
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
Passivhaus principles
high insulation levels
minimised thermal bridges
very little air-leakage
utilisation of passive solar and internal gains
good indoor air quality is maintained by a mechanical ventilation system with highly efficient heat recovery
renewable energy sources is used to meet the resulting energy demand
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
Passivhaus certification
can be met using a variety of design strategies, construction methods and technologies and is applicable any building type
developed Central European climate and building methods
many built examples in Germany and Austrianew build refurbishmentsresidential and non residential buildings
standard tested and verified in many projects
Passive House Planning Package, PHPP software, Specifications for Quality Approved Passive Houses
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
Aus PHS 2020
Den PHS 2015
Ger PHS 2015
Nel PHS 2015
UK PHS 2013
Passivhaus standard and climate
stepping stone to carbon nuetraldifferent building methods and technologiesdifferent climatic conditions
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
UCD ERG and the Passivhaus
post graduate research students
post doc fellows
UII Building Environmental Lab
desktop studies
testing and 3Y monitoring of Wicklow certified Passivhaus
Irish climate more moderate than the Germansolar radiation levels in winter are comparable to Germany
- less insulation is required- south facing windows may achieve high net solar gains
U-values for walls can be higher than those typically recommended by the Passivhaus Institute for colder central European climates, but U-values of double glazing not sufficient
Passivhaus Standard can be achieved in Ireland using both masonry and timber frame construction methods and that there are no major advantages of one method over another in terms of thermal performance.
SEAI (2008). Passive Homes Guidelines for design and construction of passive house dwellings in Ireland.
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
Monitored data from Passivhaus in Wicklowinvestigation into the performance of the passivhaus standard in a maritime climate (design build/energy plus)
main findings regarding modifications for maritime climate:
increasing natural ventilation rate had the greatest influence on space heating energy use, followed closely by air permeability, and U-value of windows.
natural ventilation could meet standard requirements (ie. no heat recovery ventilation system) if the ventilation rate <0.3 air changes per hour (no relaxataion of PassivHaus air permeability target and fabric U-values), however, a different means of heat provision
window glazing with U-value <1.0 W/m2/k balanced heat loss/solar gain, but U-value of 1.3 W/m2/K will meet Passivhaus space heating target
Tilford, A. (2010). Investigation into the performance of the passivhaus standard in a maritime climate. MArchSc thesis.
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
studies to support amendment requirements 1997, 2002, 2005, 2007 TGD Part L Conservation of Fuel and Energy + development of DEAP (DEAP/PHPP)
developed a profile of representative new build construction nine dwelling types
main findings:
current Part L TGD 2008 achieves a BER B1(40% reduction requirements 2005)
passivhaus in Ireland BER A3 Saving of 4,340 kWh/year and 1,544 kgCO2/year per house
draft Part L TGD 2010 (consultation) achieves a BER A3(60% reduction requirements 2005)
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
Irish regulatory time-line
Revision 1997
2005
2008
2006-9
2010
Future
TGD Part L
1991
Revision 2002
Revision
Revision
EPBD 1
PassivHaus comparable
TGD Part L (Part F)
Life cycle Zero
Energy Buildings
2010
EPBD Recast
2013
Carbon Neutral Framework
201?
Zero Energy Framework
Future
Life cycle Net
Contributor Buildings
each represents a MINIMUM acceptable standard
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
advantages to employing passivhaus standard ?
specific benefits
industry have learnt from its application and issue of future proofing has been aired
Future
stricter building standards new build and existing
more innovative solutions
operational energy
life cycle environmental and cost analysis
indoor environmental quality
broad environmental issues
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
life cycle energy
-perspective, a life-cycle one raises questions about the appropriateness of some energy saving design strategies and technologies
optimised use of materials that contribute to reductions in energy consumption (e.g. insulation)
energy delivery systems, efficient or otherwise, represent a substantial investment/embodiment of resources and unwanted emissions
climatically and culturally appropriate standards, design strategies and technologies are more likely to be accepted and succeed
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
comparison of the life cycle environmental impacts of dwellings complying with the current 2008 TGD Part Land the Passivhaus standard
adaptation of the Passivhaus standard for the Irish climateanalysis of ventilation strategies and technologies providing good indoor air qualityapplication of passive house techniques for the retrofit of existing buildings
main findings:decreasing energy demand from 2008 TGD to passivhaus level is a worthwhile environmental investment from life cycle particularly building fabric and mhrvreduce net heating energy demand by 60-70% but only 20% when life cycle energy taken into accountinsulation levels have reached optimum benefit in passivhaus
Szalay, Zs.: Modelling building stock geometry for energy, emission and mass calculations. Building Research & Information, 2008, Vol. 36, Issue 6, pp. 557-567.Zöld, A.;; Szalay, Zs.: Does the building system predefine the cumulated life cycle energy demand? Proceedings, SB08 World Sustainable Building Conference, Melbourne, Australia, 2008.Szalay, Zs.: Ecological optimisation of thermal insulation. Proceedings, PLEA 2008 - 25th International Passiv and Low Energy Architecture Conference, Dublin, Ireland, 2008
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
Life Cycle Energy performance evaluation
the research proposes a methodology to evaluate life cycle energy performance of buildings, including the embodied energy of building components, that can be easily integrated with existing the building energy assessment and rating methods
main outcomes:
-ZEBs)
it uses a simplified approach to energy evaluation methods and the calculation of embodied energy for different materials and systems
the developed methodology is applied to a proposed Life Cycle Building Energy Rating method (LC-BER)
more appropriate indicator to support building design optimisation from a life cycle perspective
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
Proposed Life-Cycle BER (LC-BER) Methodology
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
options considered in analysis
Case Study
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
AEU and AEE for the studied options, with its sum as a resulting indicator and LC-BER label.
Hernandez, P., Kenny, P. (2010) 'From net energy to zero energy buildings: Defining life cycle zero energy buildings (LC-ZEB)'. Energy and Buildings, 42 (6):815-821.
-cycle energy evaluation: a
-Low Energy Architecture 2008, Dublin, Ireland.
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
critical research must be undertaken to support decision making on future targets and building standards
reduction of carbon emissions from dwellings may be the single most influencing factor on the developing evolution of the dwelling model
have a significant impact, not only on design and construction, but also on societal and cultural behavioral practices
may determine framework for procurement design, construction, energy supply and technology development to bring about the successful delivery of the carbon neutral dwelling
ensure that quantitative objectives do not overshadow qualitative design objectives
impact of the future dwelling model
carbon neutral challenge
passivhaus standard
research and study
meeting the challenge
Dominic Stevens, 2007, Mimetic House
in achieving future performance targets
must achieve architecture that embraces the latest in science and technology, comfort and health and yet delivers iconic architectural style