* CARBON CAPTURE & SEQUESTRATION
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CARBON CAPTURE &
SEQUESTRATION
CONTENTS
*Introduction to CCS*CO2 capturing technologies*CO2 transportation*CO2 storage*Advantages*Disadvantages*Conclusion
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24 Billion tons of CO2 every year24 BILLION TONES OF
CO2 EVERY YEAR
*What is CCS?
It is the method of removing CO2 emmisions from large stationary sources, such as electricity generation and some industrial processes, and storing it away from the atmosphere.
CapturingTransportingStoring
Capturing Carbon DioxidePost combustion technology
Pre combustion technology
Oxy fuel process
Post combustion technology
* Removing CO2 after combustion.
* Applicable to fossile fuel burning powerplants that release flue gas.
* Reacting the flue gas with chemicals that absorb co2 and and then heat the chemicals to release co2.
Flue gas: Mixture of Nitrogen, Water vapour, 15% CO2.
*l
Pre Combustion Technology
*Remove carbon before combustion.
*By gasifying the coal through the reaction with more oxygen it is possible to obtain a mix of mostly CO2 and Hydrogen.
Oxy fuel process
*The fuel is burnt in oxygen instead of air.
*The resultant flue gas is condensed through cooling and the result is an pure CO2 stream.
Trasportation Pipeline
Shipping
Storage Options1.Geological storage2.Oceanic storage3.Mineral storage
Geological Storage
Injecting CO2 into:
*Underground geological formations*Oil fields*Gas fields*Saline formations
Oceanic Storage Two ways:
* Dissolving CO2 at mid depths. *Injecting CO2 at depths exceeding 3km where It would form lakes of liquid CO2.Below 3km depth, liquid CO2 will be denser than sea water and would sink to the ocean floor.
Mineral storage
CO2 is reacted with minerals to form carbonates.
Example CCS projects
*Salah CO2 injectin – Algeria
*Sleipner CO2 injection – Norway
*Snehvit CO2 injection – Norway
*Great plain synfuel plant and Weyburn-Midale project - Canada
*Reduces pollution
*Reduces changes in atmospheric temperature
*Enhanced oil recovery
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
*Leakage problems may occour
*Costly process
*Damage of pipelines
*Oceanic acidification
CONCLUSION*CCS involves capturing millions of tonnes of CO2 a year from gas or coal combustion.
*Valuable tool in the fight against climate change.
*There are 8 industrial projects in operation around the world now and another 8 in construction.
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