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Campus Sustainability Project

Apr 06, 2018

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Akshay Chandel
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    Campus Sustainability Project

    Design

    Theme :- Waste In Campus

    Production Of Bio-Gas Using

    Waste Food

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    Needs Of Bio-Gas

    Currently the fuel used for production ofelectricity are coal ,natural gas etc.

    All these are non-renewable source ofenergy.

    These sources are limited.

    What if we are on the verge of extinction of

    coal , natural gas???Biogas will be the best alternative for

    production of electricity.

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    Introduction to bio-gas

    technologyBiogas refers to a gas made from anaerobic

    digestion of agricultural and animal waste &

    food waste.

    Biogas can be obtained from any organic

    materials after anaerobic fermentation by

    three phases.

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    1st Stage: Fermentative bacteria

    Hydrolyze & ferments organicsubstance

    Cellulosedecomposing

    bacteria

    -saccharides

    Proteindecomposing

    bacteria

    -Amino acids

    Fatdecomposing

    bacteria

    -fatty acids

    Volatile acids,h2o & co2

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    2nd Stage: Hydrogen producing

    acetogenic bacteria

    Decompose thesubstance

    produced in firststage

    Acetic acid,H2,CO2

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    3rd Stage: Methane producing bacteria

    Convert thesubstances

    produced in 1st &2nd stage

    CH4 & CO2

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    All kinds of organic waste can be used in a biogas plant such as: kitchen waste

    and garden waste, cattle dung and sewage.

    The efficiency of the biogas production is affected by the following factors:

    Carbon: Nitrogen-ratio, volatile solid content, loading rate, temperature, pH,toxicity, dilution, retention time and mixing.

    The Carbon: Nitrogen-ratio should be between 30:1 and 10:1 (raw garbage

    has 22-27:1). The volatile solids percent (VS) represent the portion of the matter

    being anaerobically

    decomposed.

    In the biogas plant, 0.25-0.70m3 biogas per kg volatile solids is produced.

    The loading rate should be in the range of1-1.5 kg volatile solids/ m3

    digester/day.

    the pH should be between 7 and 7.4 and the dilution with water 1:1. (Veziroglu,

    1991)

    The retention time for mesophilic digestion should be 30-60 days (Werner et al,

    1989).

    Anaerobic decomposition is possible at three temperature ranges: psychrophilic

    (

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    Structure Of Bio-Gas Plant

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    Graphical representation of retention

    time v/s total gas produced.

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    Economics

    Wastage of food in NMIMSNumber of students staying in hostel - 1000 (approx.)

    Wastage of food per head per day - 200 gms(approx.)

    Therefore wastage of food by 1000

    students per day

    = 1000*0.200

    = 200 kgs

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    Savings at NMIMS

    ELECTRICITY Production of bio-gas per kg - 0.5m3(from 0.3m3-0.7m3)

    1m3 biogas = 5200-5900 kcal of heat energy

    = 1.25 kwh electricityHence we get

    0.625 kwh per kg food waste

    Hence,

    0.625kwh*200kgs = 125kwh per day Hence we can produce 125 kwh electricity

    per day

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    Benefits

    Bio-Gas production has many benefits as a form ofrenewable energy production , sustainable wastemanagement & fertilizer production.

    In addition it is a closed loop system.

    Qualities of sludge get significantly improve since theodor gets reduced and weed seeds and pathogens getremoved.

    All together biogas production contributes to sustainable

    development.

    Helps reduce the CO2 emission and thereby to reachgoals set by the kyoto protocol.

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    Fund Source

    To implement biogas electricity generation

    plant money will be provided by the university

    charitable trust or from the bank.