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*0014848983* This document consists of 10 printed pages and 2 blank pages. DC (ST/SW) 135330/2 © UCLES 2017 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level MARINE SCIENCE 9693/02 Paper 2 AS Data-Handling and Free-Response October/November 2017 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Section A Answer both questions in this section. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. Section B Answer both questions in this section. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper. Electronic calculators may be used. You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
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Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... Levels/Marine... · Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level MARINE SCIENCE

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Page 1: Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... Levels/Marine... · Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level MARINE SCIENCE

*0014848983*

This document consists of 10 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

DC (ST/SW) 135330/2© UCLES 2017 [Turn over

Cambridge International ExaminationsCambridge International Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level

MARINE SCIENCE 9693/02Paper 2 AS Data-Handling and Free-Response October/November 2017 1 hour 15 minutesCandidates answer on the Question Paper.No Additional Materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen.You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Section AAnswer both questions in this section.Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.

Section BAnswer both questions in this section.Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.

Electronic calculators may be used.You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

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Section A

Answer both questions in this section.

1 A diversity index (D ) can be used to compare the biodiversity of two habitats. One diversity index is calculated using the formula

( )n n 1-D /=

( )N N 1-

where N is the total number of organisms found n is the number of individuals of each species / means ‘the sum of’.

For this diversity index, a higher value of D indicates a higher biodiversity.

Researchers carried out an investigation to compare the biodiversity of two rocky shores, shore A and shore B. Ten random samples were taken on each shore, using a quadrat, and the numbers of each species were recorded.

Table 1.1 shows the results of this investigation.

Table 1.1

common name of speciesnumber of each species found (n)

shore A shore B

beadlet anemone 3 7

dog whelk 12 16

limpet 5 11

mussel 18 23

periwinkle 6 14

shore crab 2 3

topshell 4 5

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Table 1.2 shows some of the stages in the calculation of the diversity index, for shore A.

Table 1.2

common name of species number (n) on shore A n(n-1)

beadlet anemone 3 6

dog whelk 12 132

limpet 5 20

mussel 18 306

periwinkle 6 30

shore crab 2 2

topshell 4 12

Total (N ) = 50 /n(n-1) = 508

(a) Complete Table 1.3, by calculating N, n(n-1) and /n(n-1) for shore B. Write your answers in the spaces in Table 1.3.

Table 1.3

common name of species number (n) on shore B n(n-1)

beadlet anemone 7

dog whelk 16

limpet 11

mussel 23

periwinkle 14

shore crab 3

topshell 5

Total (N ) = /n(n-1) =

[3]

(b) The diversity index for shore A is 4.8.

Use the information in Table 1.3 to calculate the diversity index for shore B.

Show your working.

................................................................[2]

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(c) Compare the biodiversity of shore A with the biodiversity of shore B.

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(d) Based on the results of this investigation, the researchers proposed the following hypothesis.

Dog whelks and mussels are more numerous than other species on rocky shores.

State two variables you would need to control in a further investigation to test this hypothesis.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 10]

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2 The concentration of dissolved oxygen in sea water is affected by a number of different factors.

Table 2.1 shows the concentration of dissolved oxygen in sea water at a range of temperatures.

Table 2.1

temperature / °C concentration of dissolved oxygen / mg dm–3

0 10.9

10 8.2

20 6.4

30 5.5

40 5.0

(a) On the grid, plot a graph of the data in Table 2.1. Join the points on your graph with ruled, straight lines.

[4]

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(b) Use the information in Table 2.1 to describe the relationship between temperature and the concentration of dissolved oxygen.

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(c) Suggest what effect each of the following factors would have on the concentration of dissolved oxygen in sea water.

(i) an increase in salinity

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(ii) an increase in atmospheric pressure

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(d) The concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water near a coral reef is higher than in water in the open ocean at the same temperature.

Suggest two reasons for this difference.

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[Total: 10]

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Section B

Answer both questions in this section.

3 (a) Explain what is meant by each of the following terms used in ecology.

(i) community

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(ii) productivity

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(b) Explain why sandy shores tend to have a relatively low biodiversity.

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(c) Discuss the role of coral reefs in protecting coasts.

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[Total: 15]

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4 (a) The mean salinity of sea water is about 35 parts per thousand (‰). The salinity in a tropical lagoon was measured and found to be 37 ‰ and the salinity in an estuary was found to be 20 ‰.

Suggest explanations for these differences in salinity.

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(b) Describe what is meant by the Coriolis effect and how it affects ocean currents.

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(c) Explain how temperature and wind produce ocean currents and upwelling.

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(d) The surface layer of the sea contains a reservoir of dissolved nutrients.

With reference to named examples, discuss how these nutrients may be lost from the surface layer.

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[Total: 15]

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

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