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CCTV Surveillance

PRESENTATION OUTLINE WHAT IS CCTV ? CCTV ARCHITECTURE. CCTV CAMERAS TYPES OF CCTV DIGITAL CCTV IP CAMERAS NETWORK CONFIGURATION CCTV TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT APPLICATION TODAY AND TOMORROW’S CCTV SYSTEM LIMITATION OF CCTVhttp://www.infobags.com

Closed-circuit television (CCTV) is the use of video cameras to transmit a signal to a specific place, on a limited set of monitors.It differs from broadcast television in that the signal is not openly transmitted, though it may employ point to point (P2P), point to multipoint, or mesh wireless links. Though almost all video cameras fit this definition, the term is most often applied to those used for surveillance in areas that may need monitoring such as banks, casinos, airports, military installations, and convenience stores. http://www.infobags.com

WHAT IS CCTV

Dome CCTV camerasSurveillance cameras on a corner

In industrial plants, CCTV equipment may be used to observe parts of a process from a central control room, for example when the environment is not suitable for humans. CCTV systems may operate continuously or only as required to monitor a particular event. A more advanced form of CCTV, utilizing Digital Video Recorders (DVRs), provides recording for possibly many years, with a variety of quality and performance options and extra features (such as motion-detection and email alerts). More recently, decentralized IP-based CCTV cameras, some equipped with megapixel sensors, support recording directly to network-attached storage devices, or internal flash for completely stand-alone operation.

DISPLAY MONITER

CCTV Cameras :CCTV systems have become extremely popular over the last few decades as the technology has improved and become more affordable. The majority of CCTV cameras in use today are usually for surveillance and security purposes. CCTV systems can be found in almost every bank, casino, mall, and large department store. In fact, CCTV systems have become so affordable, most smaller mom and pop stores also have CCTV systems in them for security purposes.

TYPE OF CCTVThere are many types of CCTV cameras. They can be categorized by the types of images they are able to capture, the amount of frames they can take per minute, the type of connection to the monitor or video recording device, whether they are able to move position, and special functions they can provide.Types of Images: CCTV cameras generally take both black and white or color video images. In addition, many CCTV cameras even have night vision capabilities that allow a CCTV camera to view and record low light images using special technology.Frames per Second: Frames per second is the amount of full frames that a video camera captures and sends to a recording device or monitor per second. While most CCTV camera systems easily capture 30 or more frames per second, the amount of video tape or digital storage would be enormous to record every moment of everyday. For most stores, speeds of 1 to 6 frames per second are more than enough to catch and record a perpetrator committing a crime.Pan Tilt Zoom Cameras: These types of CCTV cameras allow a person controlling the surveillance of an area to move the camera remotely, usually with an RF or wired controller. Most movable cameras allow the person monitoring it to move the camera from right to left , up and down.

Cameras with Special Accessories: Certain CCTV cameras have special functions that are made for specialty uses. For instance, there are extremely small surveillance cameras that are used for spying (Nanny Cams), night viewing, are vandal resistant, and that are specifically made for indoor or outdoor uses.Wired Vs. Wireless ConnectionThere are two main types of connections for CCTV cameras: a fixed cable or a wireless connection.Fixed Cable ConnectionFixed cable connection means that the camera is physically connected to the monitor or recording device via a cable. Coaxial cables that are similar to normal home TV cables are usually used. Lengths come in 25, 35, 50, 100, or 500 feet. As the distance increases, signal quality decreases. For distances longer than 100 or 200 feet, purchase higher quality coaxial cables such as RG59 coaxial cable for distances up to 600 feet and for distances more than 600 feet, but less than 2,000 feet, purchase CAT5 cable.

Wireless ConnectionMost wireless CCTV cameras use the 2.4 Gigahertz frequencies to transmit their video images to a monitor or DVR (digital video recorder). Usually, frequencies can be slightly changed to have more than one group of cameras in a specific space. Wireless CCTV cameras that use this frequency can easily transmit through most walls and obstacles. However, each individual location will have its own operating limits. Expect most wireless CCTV cameras to send data to a range of about 200 feet. However, many will more likely work well when transmitting less than 150 feet. A clear line of sight transmission will always work best.Obviously a wireless connection allows greater freedom to place CCTV cameras almost anywhere. While wireless CCTV cameras transmit their video images to a digital video recorder or monitor, many of these types of cameras must be plugged into an electrical outlet. There are, however, some CCTV cameras that are battery operated.

Tape vs. Digital Video RecordersThere are two main ways to record video images that CCTV cameras capture. They are analog tape and digital video recorders. Most analog video recorders use VCR tapes or standard VCRs to record the images or special security time-lapse VCRs to record images for a longer period of time..VCR Tape RecorderA tape recorder such as a security-time lapse VCR can record CCTV camera images in either black and white or color for 2,4, 6, 8, all the way up to 960 hours, which is 40 complete days. The determining factor is how many frames per second users intend to record and how many cameras are hooked up to the VCR for recording. For instance, if a user records 30 frames per second (real time video), he/she will only be able to get a few hours of video captured on the recorder. If users record one frame per second or less, they can record for dozens of hours before the video tape is full. VCRs are very practical, very reliable, and extremely affordable.

Digital Video RecordersThere are two types of DVRs (Digital Video Recorders). They are either stand alone devices or hard drives that are connected to a computer system. DVRs work similar to VCRs, but the images they capture from the CCTV camera is digital. The amount of digital images captured on a DVR is determined by a few factors including the frames per second recorded, the amount of cameras hooked up to the DVR device, the resolution that the DVR saves the images at, and the video compression used (e.g. MPEG4). For a common set up, where 4 cameras are shooting at 30 fps and an image resolution of 320 X 240 is being used, each camera only records when motion is on, and MPEG4 compression is used, users should be able fill up a 20 to 25 GB hard drive in about 80 hours.

Main DVR Interface

What is Digital and Compressed Video Digital refers to the process of digitizing or sampling the

CCTV analog video to transform an analog signal to a digital format Digital (uncompressed) 8-10bit video used by some CCTV

fiber transceivers – this is not IP video Compressed (or encoded) video removes some of the

redundant information in order to reduce data rates Lossless – removes redundant information without

affecting picture quality – 45-90MB data rate Lossy – results in some reduction in video quality

(resolution, frame rate, color depth) over uncompressed image – 56kbps to

10MBps

How Does Digital CCTV Work?

Digital CCTV is a relatively new technology that has proclaimed itself to be the next level in security monitoring systems. Recent advances in technology over the past couple of years has made digital CCTV available and affordable for virtually anyone to implement on their premises.Versatile in design, digital CCTV operates across a standard ethernet, so no extra wiring is required in the majority of situations. Once installed on your premises, your digital CCTV network can be added to quickly and easily simply by installing new CCTV cameras and adding these to your CCTV software package.Once your network of CCTV cameras have been installed on your site, you are able to analyse both live and historic event-based video clips through your PC monitor using the CCTV software supplied with your system.

Digital CCTV is unique in that it will only record images when movement is detected. This ultimately means that you will only have CCTV footage of activity: when something occurs across the camera's field of view.The quality of the footage generated by your digital CCTV cameras means that evidence quality images are generated, which can be used in a court of law to prosecute perpetrators. Analogue CCTV systems invariably are unable to do this.The integrational capabilities of digital CCTV mean that in addition to working extremely well as a standalone security system, it can also be connected to other installed security equipment.

What are IP cameras?A growing branch in CCTV is internet protocol cameras (IP cameras). IP cameras use the Internet Protocol (IP) used by most Local Area Networks (LANs) to transmit video across data networks in digital form. IP can optionally be transmitted across the public internet, allowing users to view their camera(s) through any internet connection available through a computer or a 3G phone. For professional or public infrastructure security applications, IP video is restricted to within a private network or VPN

Easy access with IP cameras IP systems designed for large scale jobs – school, military, multiple locations. Greater flexibility, includes VOIP.

CameraNetwork

Video Server

CCTV CPE

CCTVCO

Analog Camera

Network Camera

Camera

CCTV CPE

BackboneSwitch

DSL (2wire,24AWG) : ~ 4KmOptic Cable : 15Km 까지MAX 24 Port

MAX 2 Port

Ethernet

Ethernet

Network Configuration

Digital transmission

CCTV Image Transmission System using DSL/Optic Cable

The system is for image transmission of CCTV camera applied DSL and Optic Solution. Max. transmission speed : 1Mbps / 5Km Efficient Transmission Speed : 3Mbps / within 4Km Using Optic cable for long distance image transmission ( ~ 15Km) Using Telephone line instead of Coaxial cable, it makes maintenance easier. Suit for Security and Surveillance system through Closed- Network of DSL / Optic. 3U Shelf and 19’’ rack mount type for maintenance easier. System could be composed to Max. 24 ports using DSL/Optic units by user convenient. In case of using Optic system, Image transmission by 2 Ethernet cables of CPE which is connected with camera, also designable.

CCTV Optic CPE [ Model : C800F2 ] Capacity 1 Port (Standard) or 2 Ports (Option) Interface CCTV Ethernet Data : RJ-45 Port, 2 Ports Line Data : SC/PC Type Optic Connector 2 PortsConsole : RJ-45 Port Connection Method P-t-P (Standard) , Ring (Option) Line Connection SC/PC (1310nm~1550nm) Type Line Loopback TestLB Test SwitchVisible LED : OK / Fail LED Power / Alarm / Optic ACT 1,2 / SF 1,2 / Camera Link 1,2 / Cascade 1 Size 175(W) X 230(D) X 31(H) Power AC 88 ~ 132V / 0.2AAC 176 ~ 264V / 0.1A43 ~ 63 Hz, On-Board Power Module Temperature -2 ~ 50 ℃ Humidity 10 ~ 90 % RH

Technological developmentsWATER PROOF CCTV

Computer controlled analytics and identificationToday’s High-definition CCTV cameras have many computer controlled technologies that allow them to identify, track, and categorize objects in their field of view.http://www.infobags.com

Video Content Analysis (VCA) is the capability of automatically analyzing video to detect and determine temporal events not based on a single image. As such, it can be seen as the automated equivalent of the biological visual cortex. A system using VCA can recognize changes in the environment and even identify and compare objects in the database using size, speed, and sometimes color. The camera’s actions can be programmed based on what it is “seeing”. For example; an alarm can be issued if an object has moved in a certain area, or if a painting is missing from a wall, and if someone has spray painted the lens.VCA also has the ability to track people on a map by calculating their position from the images. It is then possible to link many cameras and track a person through an entire building or area. This can allow a person to be followed without having to analyze many hours of film. Currently the cameras have difficulty identifying individuals from video alone, but if connected to a key-card system, identities can be established and displayed as a tag over their heads on the video.http://www.infobags.com

Facial recognition system Is a computer application for automatically identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame from a video source. One of the ways to do this is by comparing selected facial features from the image and a facial database.

The combination of CCTV and facial recognition has been tried as a form of mass surveillance, but has been ineffective because of the low discriminating power of facial recognition technology and the very high number of false positives generated. This type of system has been proposed to compare faces at airports and seaports with those of suspected terrorists or other undesirable entrants.

Computerized monitoring of CCTV images is under development, so that a human CCTV operator does not have to endlessly look at all the screens, allowing an operator to observe many more CCTV cameras. These systems do not observe people directly. Instead, they track their behavior by looking for particular types of body-movement behavior, or particular types of clothing or baggage.

Where is CCTV located?Cities and townsCar parksWithin and outside organisationsCar parksResidential areasWithin private homeshttp://www.infobags.com

Application – Toll Gate Surveillance System

Toll Gate

CCTV CPE #1Monitoring

CCTV CO

Monitoring

Image Stor-age

Manage-ment/Control

PC

Switch/Hub

Internet Network

Switch/Hub Fiber optics Cable

Manage/Control

PC

Central Control Station

Toll gate office or

Traffic Surveillance Center

Telephone Line Max.

~5Km

Application – Apartment Surveillance System

Apartment Area

Switch/Hub

Manage-ment/Control

PCImage Stor-age

CCTV CO

Monitoring

Internet Network

Apartment Managing Of-fice

CCTV CPE #1

Telephone Line

Max. ~5Km

Application – Factory Surveillance System

Area A

Area B

Area C

CCTV CO

CCTV CPE #1

Switch/Hub

Image Stor-age

Manage-ment/Control

PC

Monitoring

Central Surveillance Sta-tion

Telephone Line

Max. ~5Km

Application – Airport or Seaport Surveillance System

Area A

Area B

Area N

CCTV CO #

CCTV CPE #1

CCTV CPE #N

Monitoring

Switch/Hub

Management/Control PC

Image Stor-age

Central Control Station

Telephone Line

Max. ~5Km

Application – Security Surveillance/Traffic Control System

CCTV CO

CCTV CPE

CCTV CPE

Switch/Hub

MSPP

MSPP

Image Stor-age

Manage-ment/Control

PC

Monitoring

Internet Network

Monitoring PC

Security / Traffic

Surveillance Area

Fiber optics Cable

Telephone line

Max ~5Km

Central Control StationData Access Area

Application – Army Security Area Surveillance System Sector 1

Sector 2

Sector A

Sector B

Effective distance of Cam-era Max. 5 km

Corps H.Q

Regiment or Division H.Q

CCTV CO #1

CCTV CPE #1Monitoring

Switch/Hub

Management/Control PC

Switch/Hub

Fiber Optics Cable

Image Stor-age

Management/Control PC

Phone Line

Application – School or Kindergarten Safety System

Section A

Section B

Section C

Kinder-garten

Playground

Section #N Parents CheckParents Check

Safety System for Students

or Kid

CCTV CO #N

CCTV CO #1

CCTV CPE #1

CCTV CPE #N

Image Stor-age

Management/Control PC

Switch/Hub

Monitoring

Internet Network

Telephone Line

Max. ~5Km

Today’s CCTV Systems

Central Control/Recording

Camera n

Camera n

Camera n

Camera n

Camera n

Coaxial AnalogueVideo

Coaxial AnalogueVideo

CCTV Monitor

Controller/Recorder

Keyboard

Tomorrow’s CCTV SystemsFixed IP Camera Fixed IP Camera Fixed IP Camera Fixed IP Camera

Fixed IP CameraFixed IP Camera

PTZ IP Camera

Dome IP Camera

CCTV Monitor

IP Keyboard

Ethernet - Copper UTP

Back BoneEthernet/ATM

Limitation of CCTV Analog systems focus on small

scale jobs, all cameras home run to a single point.

SUMMARY There is a lot we can learn from different types of evaluations We can greatly improve the effectiveness of security measures We are helping organisations to better assess risks and implement better and more cost-effective solutionshttp://www.infobags.com

Contact Us

Infobags Technologies Sales Partner-Tutus India Automation Pvt Ltd.

No: 03, Sri sai Plaza, 40th Cross, 4th ‘T’ Block, Jayanagar, (9th Block old Bus Terminus) Bangalore - 560 041Phone No: 09035 806667Email: [email protected]: www.infobags.com

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