Buckle Fomation

ABUDHABI MARI NEOPERATI NGCOMPANY( ADMA- OPCO) Facilities for Four New Gas Injectors in Zakum Field - FEED Services Detailed Lateral Buckling Analysis Report (FEM Modelling) 021/50305 AD156-27-PL-06061 29 March 2011 DEFINE 8th Floor, Al Masaood TowerNissan Showroom Bldg., Najda St. PO Box 44169, Abu Dhabi, UAE Telephone: +971 2 676 6439 Facsimile: +971 2 676 6429 www.worleyparsons.com Copyright 2011 WorleyParsons ABU DHABI MARINE OPERATING COMPANY (ADMA-OPCO) FACILITIES FOR FOUR NEW GAS INJECTORS IN ZAKUM FIELD - FEED SERVICES DETAILED LATERAL BUCKLING ANALYSIS REPORT (FEM MODELLING)

l:\intecsea\00163 - feed for 4 new gas injectors-zakum\10.0 engineering\su - subsea\reports\ad156-27-pl-06061 (detailed lateral buckling analysis report fem modelling)\rev 3\ad156-27-pl-06061_rev_3.doc Document No: AD156-27-PL-06061Page 3 of 38 CONTENTS 1.INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................5 1.1Project Description..............................................................................................................5 1.2Scope & Purpose................................................................................................................5 2.GENERAL INFORMATION ................................................................................................6 2.1Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................6 2.2Codes and Standards .........................................................................................................6 3.DESIGN DATA....................................................................................................................8 3.1Pipeline Design Data ..........................................................................................................8 3.2Pipeline Concrete Weight Coating and Settlement ............................................................9 3.3Material Data.....................................................................................................................10 3.4Environmental Design Data..............................................................................................11 3.4.1Seawater Properties ............................................................................................11 3.4.2Soil Friction Coefficient ........................................................................................11 3.5Temperature Profile ..........................................................................................................12 3.6Pipeline Crossings and Supports......................................................................................13 3.7Design Criteria ..................................................................................................................13 4.DETAILED 3D FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS .................................................................14 4.1General .............................................................................................................................14 4.2Analysis Methodology.......................................................................................................14 4.2.1Pipeline and Seabed Modelling ...........................................................................14 4.2.2Pipeline and Seabed Interaction/Soil Support .....................................................16 4.2.3Material Model......................................................................................................17 4.2.4Mesh Generation..................................................................................................18 4.2.5Applied Loadings..................................................................................................19 4.2.6Boundary Conditions............................................................................................19 4.2.7Analysis Steps......................................................................................................19 ABU DHABI MARINE OPERATING COMPANY (ADMA-OPCO) FACILITIES FOR FOUR NEW GAS INJECTORS IN ZAKUM FIELD - FEED SERVICES DETAILED LATERAL BUCKLING ANALYSIS REPORT (FEM MODELLING)

l:\intecsea\00163 - feed for 4 new gas injectors-zakum\10.0 engineering\su - subsea\reports\ad156-27-pl-06061 (detailed lateral buckling analysis report fem modelling)\rev 3\ad156-27-pl-06061_rev_3.doc Document No: AD156-27-PL-06061Page 4 of 38 4.3Analysis Assumptions.......................................................................................................20 4.4Finite Element Analysis Results .......................................................................................21 4.5Local Buckling Check .......................................................................................................32 4.6Fracture Check .................................................................................................................33 4.7Fatigue Check...................................................................................................................33 5.CONCLUSIONS................................................................................................................36 6.REFERENCES .................................................................................................................37

APPENDIX 1 -ABAQUS INPUT FILE ABU DHABI MARINE OPERATING COMPANY (ADMA-OPCO) FACILITIES FOR FOUR NEW GAS INJECTORS IN ZAKUM FIELD - FEED SERVICES DETAILED LATERAL BUCKLING ANALYSIS REPORT (FEM MODELLING) l:\intecsea\00163 - feed for 4 new gas injectors-zakum\10.0 engineering\su - subsea\reports\ad156-27-pl-06061 (detailed lateral buckling analysis report fem modelling)\rev 3\ad156-27-pl-06061_rev_3.doc Page 5 of 38AD156-27-PL-06061 Rev 3 : 29 March 2011 1.INTRODUCTION 1.1ProjectDescri pti on ADMAOPCOintendstoachieveadditional100MBPDOilproductionfromLowerZakumfield(50 MBPDeachtobeproducedfromTh-IV&V).Toachievethisproduction,40newinfillwellsare required of which 32 would be oil producers, 4 gas injector wells and 4 water injector wells.TheGasinjectorsarerequiredforThammamaVreservoirforcrestalgasreinforcementandare crucial for achieving 50 MBPD production from Zakum Thammama-V.The design will source 120 - 200 MMSCFD of Injection gas from the existing GIP Train-3 compressor dischargeheaderlocatedatZKCGIP.ThegasflowstotheZK-182platformthrougha~11kmlong 12 subsea pipeline.An 8 spur line is tapped from this sub-sea pipeline near ZK-300 (subsea tie-in) and routed to the ZK-300 topside. AtZK-300,thegasreceivedwillbeinjectedintothetwonewgasinjectorwellsdrilledfromZK-300 (30-80MMSCFDeachwell).ThegasreceivedatZK-182willbeinjectedtothetwonewgas injectors drilled from this tower (30 - 80 MMSCFD each well). WorleyParsonsiscarryingoutFrontEndEngineeringandDesignformodifications/installationsat ZKCGIP, as well as ZK-300 and ZK-182 and pipelines.1.2Scope & Purpose Detailed finite element analysis is carried out using ABAQUS software for the 12in Main Line from ZK-GIPplatformtoZK-182platformofapproximatetotallengthof10.932kmwhichhaspotentialto bucklelaterallyasestablishedinbucklinganalysispreliminaryreport,Ref.[1].TheFEanalysis considers the 3D profile of the seabed as well as the supports at all crossing locations.The in-depth lateral buckling analysis was carried out to study the pipeline behaviour during operating condition.ThelateralbucklinganalysiswasperformedinaccordancewithDNVOSF101,Ref.[2] and SAFEBUCK, Ref. [3] & [4]. ABU DHABI MARINE OPERATING COMPANY (ADMA-OPCO) FACILITIES FOR FOUR NEW GAS INJECTORS IN ZAKUM FIELD - FEED SERVICES DETAILED LATERAL BUCKLING ANALYSIS REPORT (FEM MODELLING) l:\intecsea\00163 - feed for 4 new gas injectors-zakum\10.0 engineering\su - subsea\reports\ad156-27-pl-06061 (detailed lateral buckling analysis report fem modelling)\rev 3\ad156-27-pl-06061_rev_3.doc Page 6 of 38AD156-27-PL-06061 Rev 3 : 29 March 2011 2.GENERALINFORMATION 2.1Abbreviati ons Key abbreviations for this project are as follows: TABLE1: KEY ABBREVIATIONS AbbreviationDefinition ZK-GIPZakum Gas Injection Platform ZWSCZakum West Super Complex ADMA-OPCOAbu Dhabi Marine Operating Company DNVDET NORSKE VERITASKPKilometer Post MMSCFDMillion Standard Cubic Feet Per Day Max.Maximum Min.Minimum mMeters mmMillimeters MSLMean Sea Level ODOutside Diameter SMTSSpecified Minimum Tensile Strength SMYSSpecified Minimum Yield Strength WTWall Thickness FEFinite Element 2.2Codes and Standards TABLE2: CODES & STANDARDS ADMA-OPCO Standards and Specifications SP 1046Specification for Submarine Pipeline Systems STD-02, Part - 2Engineering Specification, Seamless Line Pipe ABU DHABI MARINE OPERATING COMPANY (ADMA-OPCO) FACILITIES FOR FOUR NEW GAS INJECTORS IN ZAKUM FIELD - FEED SERVICES DETAILED LATERAL BUCKLING ANALYSIS REPORT (FEM MODELLING) l:\intecsea\00163 - feed for 4 new gas injectors-zakum\10.0 engineering\su - subsea\reports\ad156-27-pl-06061 (detailed lateral buckling analysis report fem modelling)\rev 3\ad156-27-pl-06061_rev_3.doc Page 7 of 38AD156-27-PL-06061 Rev 3 : 29 March 2011 TABLE2: CODES & STANDARDS ADMA-OPCO Standards and Specifications International Codes and Standards DNV OS F101Submarine Pipeline System DNV RP F110Global Buckling of Submarine Pipelines ABU DHABI MARINE OPERATING COMPANY (ADMA-OPCO) FACILITIES FOR FOUR NEW GAS INJECTORS IN ZAKUM FIELD - FEED SERVICES DETAILED LATERAL BUCKLING ANALYSIS REPORT (FEM MODELLING) l:\intecsea\00163 - feed for 4 new gas injectors-zakum\10.0 engineering\su - subsea\reports\ad156-27-pl-06061 (detailed lateral buckling analysis report fem modelling)\rev 3\ad156-27-pl-06061_rev_3.doc Page 8 of 38AD156-27-PL-06061 Rev 3 : 29 March 2011 3.DESIGN DATA The designdataand parameters utilizedin this report aspresented in the following sub-sections for ease of reference are extracted from the following analysis reports: 1.Pipeline Basis of Design Doc No. AD156-27-PL-06040 (Ref. [5]) 2.Wall Thickness Report Doc No. AD156-27-PL-06002 (Ref. [6])3.On-Bottom Stability Report Doc No. AD156-27-PL-06003 (Ref. [7])4.Pipeline Mechanical Design Report Doc No. AD156-27-PL-06034 (Ref. [8]) 5.Hydraulic Study Report Doc. AD156-27-G-01000 (Ref. [9]) 3.1PipelineDesign Data TABLE 3-1: PIPELINE DATA DescriptionUnit12-Inch Main Line Detail-12 High Pressure Crestal Gas for Injection Flow Direction-ZK-GIP to ZK-182 Pipeline ODmm323.9 Location2 (1)mm28.6 Wall Thickness Location 1mm25.4 Type of Service-Sour Dry Gas Design Pressure psig or barg 6250 or 430.92 Design Temperature oC93.33 Maximum Operating Pressure psig or barg 5280 or 364.04 Maximum Operating Temperature oC65.6 Hydrostatic Test Pressure psig or barg 6562.2 or 453 Minimum Content Densitykg/m3317.37 ABU DHABI MARINE OPERATING COMPANY (ADMA-OPCO) FACILITIES FOR FOUR NEW GAS INJECTORS IN ZAKUM FIELD - FEED SERVICES DETAILED LATERAL BUCKLING ANALYSIS REPORT (FEM MODELLING) l:\intecsea\00163 - feed for 4 new gas injectors-zakum\10.0 engineering\su - subsea\reports\ad156-27-pl-06061 (detailed lateral buckling analysis report fem modelling)\rev 3\ad156-27-pl-06061_rev_3.doc Page 9 of 38AD156-27-PL-06061 Rev 3 : 29 March 2011 TABLE 3-1: PIPELINE DATA DescriptionUnit12-Inch Main Line Maximum Content Densitykg/m3326.23 Material Grade-API 5L X - 65 Internal Corrosion Allowance mm3 Thicknessmm33LPP Corrosion Coating Densitykg/m3890 Concrete Densitykg/m33040 Field Joint infill Type-HDPF Field Joint Wet Densitykg/m31100 Pipeline Approx. Lengthkm10.932 Design Lifeyr30 Notes: 1)Location2isdefinedastwopipejoints(approximately25m)fromtheRiserBottomBend.Location1is defined for the rest of the pipeline section. 2)Cutback length for field joint coating is assumed to be 350 mm.3.2PipelineConcreteWeightCoati ng and Settlement Theconcreteweightcoatingandverticalsettlementresultsfor12inMainLineattherespective locations are summarised in table below: TABLE 3-2: RECOMMENDED CONCRETE COATING THICKNESS KP RangePipeline Settlement (mm) FromTo Length (m)Recomm. Concrete Weight Coating Thickness (mm) Operation 0220006014 22.77009016 2.73.14006014 ABU DHABI MARINE OPERATING COMPANY (ADMA-OPCO) FACILITIES FOR FOUR NEW GAS INJECTORS IN ZAKUM FIELD - FEED SERVICES DETAILED LATERAL BUCKLING ANALYSIS REPORT (FEM MODELLING) l:\intecsea\00163 - feed for 4 new gas injectors-zakum\10.0 engineering\su - subsea\reports\ad156-27-pl-06061 (detailed lateral buckling analysis report fem modelling)\rev 3\ad156-27-pl-06061_rev_3.doc Page 10 of 38AD156-27-PL-06061 Rev 3 : 29 March 2011 TABLE 3-2: RECOMMENDED CONCRETE COATING THICKNESS KP RangePipeline Settlement (mm) FromTo Length (m)Recomm. Concrete Weight Coating Thickness (mm) Operation 3.13.430011018 3.45.925006014 5.97.2130015521 7.27.53006014 7.58.270010017 8.28.64006014 8.68.820010017 8.89.46006014 9.49.753509016 9.7510.24506014 10.210.93273211018 3.3Material Data TABLE 3-3 : STEEL MATERIAL DATA Steel Material GradeAPI 5L X - 65API 5L X - 65 Youngs Modulus of SteelGPa207 Poissons Ratio -0.3 Density of Steel kg/m37850 SMYS of SteelMPa448 SMTS of SteelMPa531 Y/T ratio-0.93 Linear Expansion Coefficient 1/C1.17E-05 Steel Thermal Conductivity W/mK45 ABU DHABI MARINE OPERATING COMPANY (ADMA-OPCO) FACILITIES FOR FOUR NEW GAS INJECTORS IN ZAKUM FIELD - FEED SERVICES DETAILED LATERAL BUCKLING ANALYSIS REPORT (FEM MODELLING) l:\intecsea\00163 - feed for 4 new gas injectors-zakum\10.0 engineering\su - subsea\reports\ad156-27-pl-06061 (detailed lateral buckling analysis report fem modelling)\rev 3\ad156-27-pl-06061_rev_3.doc Page 11 of 38AD156-27-PL-06061 Rev 3 : 29 March 2011 TABLE 3-4 : CONCRETEMATERIAL DATA Youngs Modulus of ConcreteGPa38 Concrete Thermal ConductivityW/mK2.2 Concrete / Corrosion Coating Interface Shear kPa150 Min Compressive StrengthMPa50 Water Absorption%