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Breast feeding prepared by : Dr.KHALID H.SALIH
17

Breast feeding prepared by : Dr.KHALID H.SALIH. If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise, not too little and not.

Dec 16, 2015

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Page 1: Breast feeding prepared by : Dr.KHALID H.SALIH. If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise, not too little and not.

Breast feeding

prepared by:

Dr.KHALID H.SALIH

Page 2: Breast feeding prepared by : Dr.KHALID H.SALIH. If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise, not too little and not.

If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise, not too little and not too much, we would have found

the safest way to health .

Hippocrates

Page 3: Breast feeding prepared by : Dr.KHALID H.SALIH. If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise, not too little and not.

Principles of feeding

• Feed according to expected wt

• GIT should be used whenever possible

• Milk should not be diluted

• No sugar should be added to the bottle feed

• Weaning food should be started at 4-6mon

Page 4: Breast feeding prepared by : Dr.KHALID H.SALIH. If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise, not too little and not.

Composition of Breast Milk

Anti-Allergenic Properties Anti-Parasitic Properties Anti-Viral Properties Anti-Bacterial Properties Hormones Growth Factors Enzymes Alive Approx.300+ more Factors

than ABM

Minerals Vitamins Fat Carbohydrates Protein Water

Page 5: Breast feeding prepared by : Dr.KHALID H.SALIH. If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise, not too little and not.

Summary of differences between milks

Human milk Animal milks Infant formula

Protein correct amount, easy to digest

too much, difficult to digest

partly corrected

Fatenough essential fatty acids, lipase to digest

lacks essential fatty acids, no lipase

no lipase

Water enough extra needed may need extra

Anti-infective properties

present absent absent

Adapted from: Breastfeeding counselling: A training course. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1993 (WHO/CDR/93.6).

Slide 2.2

Page 6: Breast feeding prepared by : Dr.KHALID H.SALIH. If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise, not too little and not.

Breast milk composition differences (dynamic)

Gestational age at birth(preterm and full term)

Stage of lactation(colostrums and mature milk)

During a feed(foremilk and hind milk)

Day & night milk

Summer & winterSlide 2.4

Page 7: Breast feeding prepared by : Dr.KHALID H.SALIH. If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise, not too little and not.

Slide 2b

Page 8: Breast feeding prepared by : Dr.KHALID H.SALIH. If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise, not too little and not.

Colostrum

Property

Antibody-rich

Many white cells Purgative

Growth factors

Vitamin-A rich

Importance protects against infection and

allergy protects against infection clears meconium; helps prevent

jaundice helps intestine mature; prevents

allergy, intolerance reduces severity of some

infection (such as measles and diarrhoea); prevents vitamin A-related eye diseases

Slide 2.5

Page 9: Breast feeding prepared by : Dr.KHALID H.SALIH. If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise, not too little and not.

Slide 2c

Page 10: Breast feeding prepared by : Dr.KHALID H.SALIH. If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise, not too little and not.

Technique of Breast Feeding

Feedings should be initiated as soon after birth as possible

Mothers who wish to initiate breast-feeding in the delivery room should be supported in doing so.

the infant's desire for food will vary at different times of the day(The time required for an infant's stomach to empty may vary from 1–4 hr or more during a single day)

By the end of the 1st wk of life, most healthy infants will be taking 60–90 mL/feeding and want 6–9 feedings/24hr

Page 11: Breast feeding prepared by : Dr.KHALID H.SALIH. If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise, not too little and not.

ADVANTAGES OF BREAST-FEEDING

1.Human milk is uniquely adapted to the infant's needs and is the most appropriate milk for the human infant

2.It is always available at the proper temperature and requires no preparation time

3.It is fresh and free of contaminating bacteria

4.Breast-feeding is associated with fewer feeding difficulties incident to allergy and/or intolerance to bovine milk.

5.Human milk contains bacterial and viral antibodies, including relatively high concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A

6.It also contains substances that inhibit the growth of many common viruses as well as bacteria

Page 12: Breast feeding prepared by : Dr.KHALID H.SALIH. If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise, not too little and not.

Advantage------ 7.It also contains antibodies that are thought to provide local

gastrointestinal immunity against organisms entering the body via this route.

8.Macrophages in human milk may synthesize complement, lysozyme, and lactoferrin

9.breast milk contains lactoferrin, an iron-binding whey protein that is normally approximately ⅓ saturated with iron and has an inhibitory effect on the growth of Escherichia coli

10.lower pH of the stool of breast-fed infants is thought to contribute to the favorable intestinal flora of infants

11.Human milk also contains bile salt-stimulated lipase, which kills Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica

12.passive transfer of T-cell immunity.13.Breast milk will supply all the necessary nutrients except

fluoride, The vitamin K and vitamin D.14.The psychologic advantages of breast-feeding for both

mother and infant are well recognized

Page 13: Breast feeding prepared by : Dr.KHALID H.SALIH. If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise, not too little and not.

Contraindications of Breast Feeding :1.Contraindications related to mother like septicemia ,

nephritis , eclampsia , profuse hemorrhage , active tuberculosis , typhoid fever , breast cancer and malaria

2.Contraindications related to infant like galactosemia .

Determination of adequacy of milk supply :

The following signs indicate adequate breast milk feeding :-

1) Infant sleep 2-4 hr after nursing .2) Infant gaining weight .3) Good urine output .

Page 14: Breast feeding prepared by : Dr.KHALID H.SALIH. If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise, not too little and not.

Supplement to Breast Fed Infant:

• Give Vit. K1 to all babies(1mg Vit K)

• Give Vit. D to all breast fed babies(400 IU/day)

• Give Iron to all breast fed babies by 6 mo

Page 15: Breast feeding prepared by : Dr.KHALID H.SALIH. If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise, not too little and not.

:Disadvantages of Breast Feeding

• Unknown intake-volume of milk.

• Transmission of infection-CMV, hepatitis, HIV,TB

• Breast milk Jaundice-mild self limiting

• Transmission of drugs-antithyroid, anti cancer

• Nutritional inadequacies-prolong BF without introduction of solids lead to poor weight gain, rickets

• Vit K deficiency—hemorrhagic disease of newborn

• Less flexible, emotional upset if unsuccessful

Page 16: Breast feeding prepared by : Dr.KHALID H.SALIH. If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise, not too little and not.

?Quiz

Page 17: Breast feeding prepared by : Dr.KHALID H.SALIH. If we could give every individual the right amount of nourishment and exercise, not too little and not.

Calculate the normal energy & fluid requirement for 2 year old child (12kg) ?