Border Areas,Communication,Industry,Mining and Energy

1

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

IN THE SECTORS OF

BORDER AREAS,

COMMUNICATION, INDUSTRY,

MINING AND ENERGY

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2006FIRST EDITION

500 COPIES

Printing and Publishing Enterprise,Ministry of Information.

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CONTENT

Sr. No. Subject Page No.

1. Border Areas 1

witness sustained progress

2. Communication Sector 17

witnesses sustained progress

3. Industrial Sector 31


4. Mining Sector 45


5. Energy Sector 55


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Border Areas witness

sustained progress

Development ofBorder Areasin the time of

Tatmadaw Government

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Border Areas witness progress

The Tatmadaw Government is throwing all its energies into carrying out

the tasks of Our Three Main National Causes namely non-disintegration of the

Union, non-disintegration of national solidarity and perpetuation of sovereignty.

“Our Three Main National Causes” is the correct work programme for national

consolidation and perpetuation of the Union.

In the past, national brethren living in border areas lagged behind in de-

velopment due to evil legacy of colonialists, internal strife which was born together

with independence and poor transport.

After assuming duties of the State, the Tatmadaw government first estab-

lished peace in border areas. Border areas development projects have been imple-

mented for socio-economic development of people living in hilly regions. As a

result, narrow-minded racial views among national brethren have vanished. Na-

tional race armed groups have returned to the legal fold and now they are taking

part in regional development drives with might and main.

To accelerate the development undertakings in border areas, the Tatmadaw

formed Ministry for Progress of Border Areas and National Races and Develop-

ment Affairs in 1992. Moreover, Central Committee for Development of Border

Areas and National Races and Work Committees were also formed to carry out

development tasks effectively. Tens of billions of money have been spent on

border areas development projects.

As the saying goes, “actions speak louder than words” prevailing peace

in border areas and its development are the tangible proof that the Tatmadaw

2 Sustainable Development

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has been energetically striving for border area development tasks. It has been

paying serious attention to border area development projects which were unheard

of in the past.

Thanks to the genuine goodwill of the Tatmadaw Government, people are

now witnessing development in border areas. The table shows progress in imple-

menting border area development projects in the time of the Tatmadaw Government.

1 Development region - 22 22

2 Road (mile) - 5491 5491

3 Number of bridges - 806 806

4 Hospital - 79 79

5 Basic Education School - 1034 1034

6 Agriculture Camp - 117 117

7 Nursery farm - 14 14

8 Livestock breeding farm - 19 19

9 Generator - 262 262

10 Re-transmission station - 106 106

11 Post office - 52 52

12 Telephone service - 85 85

Sr Subject 1988 2005 Progress

Border Areas development projects

in Border Areas Sector 3

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Aerial view of Mongla in Shan State (East)


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Development in border areas

In striving for narrowing the development gap among states and divisions of

the Union, emphasis is being placed on socio-economic progress of people living in

border areas.

These endeavours are being made effectively in 22 border area development

regions namely Kachin Special Region 1 and 2, Kokang, Wa, Shan, Kachin North

East, Palaung, Kengtung East, Homein, Monghtaw Monghta, Mawhpa, Pa-O,

Kayah, Rakhine, Chin, Sagaing (Naga), Kabaw Valley, Kayin, Taninthayi, Mon

regions including Yangon and Magway Divisions.

In these regions, roads and bridges are being built, hospitals, clinics and schools

established, agricultural, forestry and water supply tasks carried out and such services

as electricity, post office, telegram and telephone provided as well as TV re-

transmission stations opened. As a result, national people living in these areas are

enjoying fruits of development.

Border areas lagged behind in development in the past but now peace and

stability prevails in these areas and development infrastructures have been estab-

lished well. This is due to dispelling the misconception and reconsolidation of

national unity and cooperating with the State. As the national people have come to

realize the genuine goodwill of the Tatmadaw Government, they are now taking part

in regional development drives hand in hand with the government.

With marked development in border areas, the socio-economic life of national

people have improved significantly. The table shows the development of roads and

bridges and hospitals and clinics out of other developments in the border areas in the

time of the Tatmadaw Government.


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1 Earth road (mile) - 3181 3181

2 Gravelled road (mile) - 1995 1995

3 Tarred road (mile) - 351 351

4 Maintenance of road (mile) - 3295 3295

5 Large bridge - 55 55

6 Small bridge - 725 725

7 Suspension bridge - 26 26

8 Hospital - 79 79

9 Clinic - 105 105

10 Rural Health Centre - 58 58

11 Rural Health Centre (branch) - 140 140



Kyeinkha Ramkha hydel power plant in Kachin State.


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7

Emerging schools and

agricultural development in border areas

Prevalence of peace and stability in border areas is the contributing factor fordevelopment of remote areas of the Union of Myanmar.

With stability and peace in the respective regions, mutual friendship, under-standing, mutual assistance, cooperation and coordination have taken root amongnational brethren.

The Tatmadaw Government, placing emphasis on serving the interests ofnational brethren, is implementing border area development projects in each andevery region as well as in remote areas.

Thanks to the endeavours made by the government in 22 border area develop-ment regions, these areas have developed rapidly and markedly.

The table shows the development of schools, agricultural camps and dams andreservoirs among others in the border areas in the time of the Tatmadaw Government.

1 Primary school - 852 852

2 Middle school - 90 90

3 High school - 92 92

4 Agricultural office - 31 31

5 Agricultural camp - 117 117

6 Dam completed and under

construction - 46 46

7 Dam to be built - 17 17

8 Canal - 5 5

9 Tractor station - 11 11




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A multi-media classroom for national races

A classroom of University for Development of National Races


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Development of forestry and livestock breeding

sectors in border areas

In the Union of Myanmar, regions which experienced evil legacy ofcolonialists most were border areas. Colonialists have intentionally created devel-opment gap between the plain and the hilly regions to sow seeds of narrow-mindedracism among national people.

Therefore, remote areas of the country lagged behind in development after theplain. With the aim of totally wiping out these evil legacies, the Tatmadaw govern-ment has laid down the national policy— non-disintegration of the Union, non-disintegration of national solidarity and perpetuation of sovereignty— and is tryingits best for ensuring stability of the State, strengthening national unity and narrowingdevelopment gap among national brethren.

Thanks to these endeavours, border areas which have suffered evil legacy ofcolonialists have developed markedly. Development drives are being carried outsystematically in 22 border area development regions.

The table shows the development of forestry and livestock breeding sectorsamong others in border areas in the time of the Tatmadaw Government.

1 Reserved forest - 11 112 Reserved forest

under implementation - 14 14

3 Forest nursery - 14 14

4 Livestock breeding farm - 19 19

5 Livestock breeding andAnimal husbandry office - 41 41

6 Distribution of animals(1=100,000) - 111 111


Development of forestry and livestock breeding sectorsin border areas


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Panglong University in Shan State (South).

Cash donation for regional development of Mongla in Shan State (East)


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Development of communication sector

in border areas

Soon after the Union of Myanmar regained independence and restored sovereignty,

peace and tranquillity in the country deteriorated due to the wedge driven by colonialists

among national brethren. As a consequence of lack of peace and stability, regions in the

country lagged behind in development. Especially, remote border areas had suffered this evil

consequence most in comparison with other regions of the country. Moreover, telegraph or

post offices were nearly non-existent in these regions.

Therefore, the Tatmadaw government, after making peace with national race armed

groups, has been accelerating momentum of border area development drives since 1989.

With the establishment of telegraph offices, post offices and telephone offices in

border areas, national people living there have been able to communicate each other

conveniently. Communication stations have been built not only in major cities of border areas

but also in hilly regions.

The table shows development of the communication sector in border areas in the time

of the Tatmadaw Government.

1 Post office - 52 52

2 Telegraph office - 44 44

3 Telephone station - 85 85

4 Telephone exchange - 40 40


Development of communication sector in border areas


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Mulashidi suspension bridge in Kachin State.

A Telecommunication Station in Falan, Chin State.


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TV transmission progress in border areas

After ensuring national reconsolidation in the Union of Myanmar, national

race groups are actively taking part in border area development undertakings hand in

hand with the government and now fruitful results have been achieved.

In the past, national brethren were far from realizing the true situation of the

nation and doubts grew among them due to instability in their region and colonialists'

and aliens’ attempts to incite racial hatred.

In the time of the Tatmadaw government, priority has been given to regional

stability and border area development projects. Thus, national people have come to

realize and accept the genuine goodwill of the government and objective conditions

of the country.

To disseminate knowledge among national brethren, the Tatmadaw

Government has been building TV retransmission stations in far flung areas of the

country.

The table shows increase in the number of TV retransmission stations in

border areas in the time of the Tatmadaw Government.

Increasing TV retransmission in border areas

1 TV retransmission station (10 watt) - 62 62





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A sub-printing house in Sittway, Rakhine State

A Basic Education High School in Myainggyingu, Kayin State.


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Narcotic drugs elimination gains accelerated

momentum in border areas

Neither poppy fields thrived nor narcotic drugs were produced on the soil of

Myanmar in the past, but as an evil legacy of colonialists, poppy cultivation has taken

root in the country. Successive governments of the country tried to solve the problems

of narcotic drugs but to no avail due to lack of regional stability.

As a result of making peace with national race armed groups, peace prevails

in border areas and measures to eliminate narcotic drugs have been taken effectively

in the time of the Tatmadaw government.

Myanmar is committed never to give up fight against the danger posed by

narcotic drugs and she is carrying out the tasks with own internal strength. Starting

from 1999, the 15-year drug elimination plan has been laid down and is being

implemented with accelerated momentum.

To tackle the drug menace, the Tatmadaw government is taking measures

such as law enforcement, growing poppy-substitute crops, establishing agricultural

and livestock breeding farms, providing medical treatment, rehabilitation and

disseminating knowledge. Thus, Myanmar has achieved marked success in combating

the menace of drugs and has gained momentum.

People living in border areas also have abandoned the illegal cultivation of

poppy on their own volition. Moreover, drug free zones have been established in the

regions where poppy was grown in the past.

As border areas develop, narcotic drugs are in the wane. The table shows

success achieved in combating the drug menace in the time of the Tatmadaw

Government.


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1 Projected township - 51 51

2 Village tract - 1469 1469

3 Destruction of poppy field (acre) 211 164965 164754

4 Handing over of poppy seeds (pyi) - 100257 100257

5 Number of destruction of drug - 52 52

6 Cultivation of poppy substitute-crops(acre) - 1430153 1430153


Success achieved in fight against narcotic drugs

in border areas

Drugs Elimination Museum in Mongla, Shan State (East)


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Communication Sectorwitnesses sustained progress

Development ofCommunication

in the time ofTatmadaw Government

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Developing communicationsector of Myanmar

Now is the time when the science and technology sector sees unprecedenteddevelopment with rapid changes. At such a time, information and communicationtechnology penetrates every corner in the world. To be able to catch up with thesechanges, Myanmar is endeavouring for the development of its communication sector.

In the past, people had to rely on mail service and the mail delivery took timeto reach from one region to another. But, nowadays, with the communication systemwhich covers all the regions in the country including villages, people can communi-cate each other easily and conveniently.

In the past, there were only post offices, telegraph services and ordinary phones,but now people are able to access computer telegraph, facsimile, autophone, radiotelephone, mobile phone, e-mail and the Internet.

Myanma communication sector is being enhanced to be on a par with interna-tional community in the time of the Tatmadaw Government.

The table shows development of the communication network which covers allthe regions in the country.

* * *

1 Post office 1114 1337 223

2 Telegraph office 310 485 175

3 Facsimile (set) 10 4210 4200

4 Computer telegraph service

(urban area) - 86 86

5 Number of telephone line 71855 556708 484853

6 Telephone office 245 853 608

7 Telephone exchange 245 641 396

8 Rural telephone exchange - 212 212


Myanma communication service witnesses development


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Express Mail Service: Waiting for the word'Go"

in Communication Sector 19

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Every region enjoying better and more

communication services

Communication is essential for a nation today, an ever-changing period. That is

proved vividly in the areas with poor transport. So, the government has placed

emphasis on the development of the communication sector and establishment of a

communication network covering the entire nation.

With smooth transport, communication services are making progress dramati-

cally in Myanmar. National people have an easy access to modern communication

systems apart from the means of post, telegraph and telephone.

Now, each and every region in Myanmar has been served with microwave

stations and local ground satellite stations in addition to post offices, telegraph

offices, and auto exchange stations. A citizen can communicate another in rural

regions through microwave stations. The regions where there are no auto exchange

stations have been facilitated with DOMSAT stations, VSAT stations, and PSTAR

stations through local ground satellite stations.

Better transport in the time of the Tatmadaw Government has helped promote

trade and enhance mutual assistance and amicable relations between national races.

The following table shows an increase in the number of communication services.


1 Auto exchange 67016 464971 397955

2 Microwave station 71 226 155

3 Microwave link 21 111 80

4 Internet - 76 76

5 e-Mail - 6000 6000

6. Ground satellite station - 15 15

Progress in communication services


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A Satellite Communication Station.


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Development in domestic

and overseas communication services

The domestic and overseas communication services play a leading role in

striving for the success in economic, social and administrative sectors of the Union

of Myanmar.

People can widely use not only domestic communication services but also

overseas ones with the improvement of communication services in the nation. Of the

communication systems, satellite communication system is the best.

Satellite links and new auto exchanges were introduced in the satellite commu-

nication system, and now the system covers 97 towns.

In overseas communication system, 1,012 telephone channels have been

installed through Submarine cable system in communicating with Singapore. Be-

sides, more overseas ground satellite stations and new channels, overseas submarine

cable systems and new channels, and new international telephone channels were

installed to link with other nations.

To keep pace with changes and developments in the world today, more

modern satellite communication systems were installed in the time of the Tatmadaw

Government.

The table shows the increased number of communication services.


Progress of Myanma Telecommunication services

1 Construction of MPT satelliteterminal 97 97

2 Installation of overseas satellitechannel 21 601 580

3 Overseas Submarine cable station 1 14 Installation of external overseas

cable communication channel 1012 10125 International telephone channel 26 1613 1587


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Modern Postal Service.


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Development of communication

services in States and Divisions

Myanma communication service is developing in parallel with national devel-opment, progress in higher living standard of national people and changing market-oriented economic system.

In its drives for equitable development of all regions in the nation, the Tatmadawgovernment is implementing the 24 special regions development projects, rural areadevelopment projects and border area development projects.

Thanks to the implementation of these projects, the communication sector is de-veloping along with other development undertakings and, it is providing better serv-ices to people living throughout the country. Easy access to every region in the coun-try contributes much towards regional development and development of socio-eco-nomic life of the people.

The table provides the readers with facts and figures of increase in post offices,telegraph offices and telephone stations.

A modern telephone exchange unit.


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64

8

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58

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101

157

29

115

132

140

68

124

20 3 7 11 16 19 31 32 9 33 29 37 32 31

12 3 5 8 11 17 27 23 6 30 23 27 22 31

79

13

33

45

64

81

157

158

46

124

145

148

103

142

56

15

24

25

29

41

125

85

29

106

75

70

79

94

28 11 13 22 18 25 88 45 20 41 34 47 51 42

15 5 6 16 6 20 56 1 17 9 13 8 35 18

8 4 6 11 2 6 57 13 11 8 5 10 19 11

44 12 19 17 17 24 98 62 23 76 52 43 57 63

Dev

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Stat

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1988

2005


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Development of communication services in States

and DivisionsModern communication technologies are being effectively applied in political,

economic and social sectors of the Union of Myanmar in parallel with ever changinginformation and communication technology.

Information Technology is found to be contributing to uplift of socio-economiclife of the people. Thanks to development of communication infrastructures andnetwork systems, economic and management measures have undergone a greatchange.

In Myanmar, there have emerged digital opportunities that provide a networklinking all parts of the nation and abroad. The development of modern communicationsis at present wielding an influence on the daily lifestyle.

One can witness the increased use of mobile telephones and auto telephones inthe time of Tatmadaw government. The following table shows increasing numbersof auto telephones and mobile telephones.

Myanmar Teleport


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Pro

gres

s

Mob

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one

3999

- - - - - 1075

366

- - 408

1635

5

1127

92

669

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in S

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Tele

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Kac

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Man

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Aye

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87

6

55

8

64

3

24

3

240

1

162

1

287

1

184

2

46

9

384

1

257

9

932

6

3535

7

438

9

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

91

34

19

17

32

66

31

34

79

08

63

06

255

16

170

04

49

26

254

09

165

82

400

46

1455

09

186

23

3

999

-

-

-

-

-

1

075

366

-

-

408

163

55

1127

92

669

-

-

229

-

220

-

-

114

5

4

-

-

614

199

1

805

82

58

13

59

26

23

28

91

58

67

46

85

226

45

151

62

44

57

215

68

140

03

307

20

1101

52

142

34

-

-

229

-

220

-

-

114

5

4

-

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614

1991

805

Stat

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1988

2005


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM33

Developing communication

services throughout the country

Information and communication technology is an important vehicle for the development

of national economy as well as other sectors.

To odeal with the future challenges, microwave, email and Internet services play a vital

role in the information sector.

Information and communication technology is being used extensively to keep abreast of

current affairs of the world, to widen the people’s scope of knowledge and to facilitate the

daily work.

To catch up with the international community, Myanmar is taking steps to put high

communication technology into service in all corners of the country.

In doing so, a high communication technology has been employed for smooth commu-

nications between national brethren residing in the states and divisions and for facilitation

of daily activities and sharing information.

The following table shows the increase in the number of facilities such as microwave,

email and Internet built in the states and divisions during the time of the Tatmadaw

Government.


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM34

Kachin - - 13 - 13 -

Kayah - - 1 - 1 -

Kayin 1 - 7 - 6 -

Chin - - 6 - 6 -

Mon 9 - 10 - 1 -

Rakhine 7 - 14 - 7 -

Shan 2 - 45 - 43 -

Sagaing 4 - 22 - 18 -

Taninthayi 2 - 9 - 7 -

Bago 11 - 16 - 5 -

Magway 7 - 31 - 24 -

Mandalay 12 - 21 3 9 3

Yangon 6 - 12 73 6 73

Ayeyawady 10 - 19 - 9 -

State/Division

1988

microwave Email/Internet

2005 Progress

microwave Email/Internet

microwaveEmail/

Internet

Developing communication services in states and divisions


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM35

Bagan Cybertech


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Industrial Sector

witnesses sustained

progress

Development ofIndustry


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM37

Emerging factories andworkshops throughout the country

In the drives for the Union of Myanmar to become an industrialized nation,

plans are being made to build industrial infrastructures based on the agriculture

sector. As a result of implementing these plans, industrial gap between one region

and another in the country becomes narrow and industries develop simultaneously

across the country.

At present, industries manufacturing consumer goods and household items,

iron and ironware industries, machine tools industries, agricultural machinery

industries and automobile and spare parts industries have been established in the

country.

As large numbers of industries have been built within a short period in the

time of the Tatmadaw government, these contribute much towards national devel-

opment and raising the living standard of the people.

The table shows increase in the number of State-owned factories and work-

shops, industrial zones, private-owned factories and workshops and cottage indus-

tries.

1 State-owned factories- Factories completed 641 843 202- Factories under construction - 29 29

2 Industrial zones - 18 18- Industries - 8463 8463

3 Private-owned industries 26872 42707 15835

4 Cottage industries - 8500 8500

Sr 1988Subject 2005 Progress

Increasing number of factories and workshops builtin the country


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM38

Bicycle Factory using modern manufacturing technique.

in Industrial Sector 33

BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM39

Development of industrial zones in states

and divisions

The economy of Myanmar depends on the agriculture. Priority is given to the

agricultural sector and the Government is also striving for development of the

industrial sector.

In an effort to develop the industrial sector, Myanmar Industrial Develop-

ment Committee was set up in 1995 and the Government encourages the industrial

sector. Thanks to the relentless efforts of technicians and industrialists and encour-

agement of the Government, Myanmar Industrial Sector was booming.

As Myanmar is practising the market-oriented economic system, private

industries are mushrooming in the country. In 2003, the Government organized

40,000 industries scattered across the country and established industrial zones.

Therefore, the number of industrial zones reached 18.

The industries have improved their rank from blacksmith’s workshop to

heavy industry that can produce machinery parts. Now, efforts are being made to be

able to manufacture machinery.At the time of Tatmadaw Government, it puts

emphasis on development of industrial sector based on private industries.

The table shows increase in the number of industries.


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM40

Industrial zones emerged

in the time of Tatmadaw Government


No Industrial zoneState/Division 1988 2005

1 Yangon Yangon (East) Industrial Zone - 4

Yangon (West) Industrial Zone

Yangon (South) Industrial Zone

Yangon (North) Industrial Zone

2 Mandalay Mandalay Industrial Zone - 3

Myingyan Industrial Zone

Meiktila Industrial Zone

3 Magway Yenangyoung Industrial Zone - 2

Pakokku Industrial Zone

4 Bago Bago Industrial Zone - 1

5 Ayeyawady Pathein Industrial Zone - 3

Myaungmya Industrial Zone

Hinthada Industrial Zone

6 Sagaing Monywa Industrial Zone - 2

Kalay Industrial Zone

7 Mon Mawlamyine Industrial Zone - 1

8 Taninthayi Myeik Industrial Zone - 1

9 Shan Taunggyi (Ayethaya) - 1

Industrial Zone

BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM41

A plastic factory in an industrial zone.


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM42

Development of

the private industries

The Tatmadaw Government is rendering assistance to private industries to be

able to make use of the advanced technology and produce marketable machinery

parts meeting set standard. Hence, private industries have developed rapidly. In the

industrial sector, private industries constituted 90 % of the industrial sector in 2002-

2003, 92% in 2003-2004 and over 93% in 2004-2005.

With the assistance of the Government, modern iron foundries were established

in Mandalay, Monywa and Taunggyi industrial zones and now they produce quality

parts of machinery in large quantities.

Now local industries are enjoying the fruits of their efforts. For instance,

Mandalay Industry Zone received an order of 97 types of machinery and so far 47

types of machinery parts numbering 6000 have been manufactured by the zone.

Thanks to the efforts of private industrialists, industrial zones are manufactur-

ing spare parts of machinery which were imported for local industries in the past, and

it helps to reduce costs.

The table shows increase in the number of industries in the private sector.

1. Private industries 26872 42707 15835

2. Private industrialists 31200 40000 8800

3. Business in industrial zones - 8463 8463

4. Cottage industries - 8500 8500

5. Number of industrial exhibitions - 5 5

6. Number of Seminars - 21 21

on development of industrial sector

No 1988Subject 2005 Progress

Development of the private industry sector


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM43

Garment Factory in Pakokku, Magway Division.


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM44

Emerging factories and workshops

in states and divisionsIndustrial development plays a vital role in national development. Nowadays,

emphasis is being placed on development of the industrial sector along with theagriculture sector.

In building infrastructures in the industrial sector needed for the country tobecome an industrialized one, efforts are being made to narrow the gap of develop-ment between one region and another across the country.

As a result of active cooperation under the dynamic leadership, achievementshave been made year after year in the industrial sector.

For the development of the industrial sector, new State-owned factories arebeing built and at the same time, serious attention is being paid to running of the oldfactories in full capacity.

Thanks to these relentless efforts, industries based on agricultural produce,automobile industry, industries manufacturing consumer goods and machine toolfactories are thriving throughout the country.

The table provides readers with facts and figures on development in factoriesand workshops in states and divisions in the time of the Tatmadaw Government.

1 Kayah 4 7 3

2 Kayin 6 9 3

3 Chin 5 8 3

4 Mon 24 28 4

5 Rakhine 5 7 2

6 Shan 22 42 20

7 Sagaing 53 69 16

8 Taninthayi - 12 12

9 Bago 79 106 27

10 Magway 38 64 26

11 Mandalay 102 138 36

12 Yangon 194 241 47

13 Ayeyawady 59 64 5

No 1988States and Divisions 2005 Progress

Emerging State-owned factories


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM45

Coal-fired power station in Tikyit, Shan State.


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM46

Factories built to

produce consumer goods

The third task out of the four major tasks declared by the Tatmadaw

government when it assumed the State's duties was to raise the economic standard of

the people. In carrying out this task, the Tatmadaw government has repaired old and

damaged factories and built new ones in the suitable regions.

Attention has been given to meeting the manufacturing targets of factories,

running the factories in full capacity, substituting raw materials at home for the ones

imported, quality control and research and development.

To fulfil the people's needs, textile, foodstuff, pharmaceutical, ceramics,

paper and chemical industries have been built in the time of the Tatmadaw

Government. The table shows increase in the number of factories in the time of

the Tatmadaw Government.

1 Textile factory 17 37 20

2 Foodstuff industry 34 52 18

3 Pharmaceutical and consumer goods

factory 15 19 4

4 Ceramics industry 16 21 5

5 Paper and chemical factory 8 10 2

6 General and maintenance industry 12 29 17

7 Machine tool factory 9 34 25

Sr 1988Factory 2005 Progress

Emerging consumer goods factories


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM47

Cement Factory in Kyaukse, Mandalay Division.


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM48

Manufacturing more

import-substitute machine parts

Today, we are witnessing rapid development in the science and technologysector. At such a time, manufacturing of import-substitute machines becomes vitalin the drive for national development.

Previously, machinery spare parts needed for factories and workshops of bothState-owned and private-owned sectors had to be imported spending a large sum offoreign exchange. As the industrial sector of the State has been developing year byyear, quality import-substitute machinery parts are manufactured at home and usedat various factories.

With the encouragement of the State coupled with efforts made by privateindustrialists, mould and die industries and machine tool factories are being establishedtogether with foundry shops in industrial zones.

Spare parts of machines manufactured at State-owned factories as well asin industrial zones meet the standards of international level and they have fulfilledthe domestic needs. Moreover, they have bright prospects for penetrating marketsabroad.

Through the table, readers may find the development in manufacturing import-substitute machines in the time of the Tatmadaw Government.


1 Automobile 606 2132 15262 Tractor 700 1033 3333 Power tiller 440 5575 51354 Tractor engine - 8727 87275 Harvester - 40 406 Trawler-G - 5842 58427 Road-roller - 56 568 Radiator - 4932 49329 Disc wheel - 12675 1267510 Bearing - 12220 1222011 Inlet and exhaust valve - 6268 626812 Bolt & nut (kilogram) - 30000 3000013 Copper rod (ton) - 10785 1078514 Copper wire (kilogram) - 665500 665500

More import-substitute machine parts manufactured


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM49

Natural-gas-fired Modern Electric Power Plant.


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM50

Mining Sectorwitnesses sustained

progress

Development of Mining


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM51

Extended mining blocks and thriving gems market

The wealth of mineral resources contributes to the development of thenational economy. In the time of the Tatmadaw Government, as peace and tranquillityprevail in the border areas and market economy is being practiced, production ofmineral resource has been increasing year by year.

Since 1988, groups of national races that returned to the legal fold have beenextracting mineral resources in cooperation with the Government. The Governmenthas always encouraged the growth of the gems market.

Hence, the production rate of mineral resources has gone up.In an attempt to boost the gems sales, Myanma gems emporium, attracting

local and foreign merchants, is held yearly.The table shows an increase in mining blocks and gems in the time of the

Tatmadaw Government.

1. Gems block 8 635 627

2. Production of gems 126 61232 61106

( carat in thousand )

3. Jade blocks 3 1202 1199

4. Production of jade 130 14436 14306

(kilo in thousand )

5. Pearl camp 2 9 7

6. Production of pearl (Momme) 8488 124207 115719


Increasing number of mining blocks and gems production


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM52

Local and foreign gem merchants observe jade at 2005-mid-year Myanma GemEmporium.

in Mining Sector 47

BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM53

Development in mining industry

Myanmar is rich in land and water resources. Effective use of invaluablenatural resources helps raise the economy of the country and this contributes muchtowards national development.

Hilly mountain ranges in the eastern part of the country and Taninthayimountain range are made up of aged rock. Therefore, such precious stones as rubyand sapphire can be mined in these regions and minerals such as silver, lead, tin,tungsten, antimony, copper, platinum and others can also be found there.

Kachin State located in the northern part of the country is famous for jade.Moreover, it is the land where gold and other minerals are mined. In the time of theTatmadaw government, output of minerals has increased as joint ventures betweenthe government and the national entrepreneurs have been conducted.

The table shows increase in mining precious minerals in the time of theTatmadaw Government.

1 Mining of pure gold (Troy oz) 438.78 4237 3798.22

2 Mining of crude gold (Troy oz) 818.91 2684 1869

3 Tin (Metric ton) 241.24 493 252

4 Lead (Metric ton) - 209 209

5 Zinc (Metric ton) - 6020 6020

6 Crude Lead Zinc (Metric ton) - 4273 4273

7 Pure Lead Zinc (Metric ton) - 228 228

8 Copper (Metric ton) - 29 29

9 Limestone (industrial use)(Metric ton) 67416 215834 148418

10 Limestone (decoration) (Metric ton) - 2762 2762


More minerals mined


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM54

Coal-fired power station being run in Tikyit Region in Shan State (North).

in Mining Sector 49

BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM55

Increased output of mineral resourcesDevoting all its energies to national development, the Tatmadaw government,

relying on own strength, is seeking various ways and means to exploit mineralsin all parts of the country and thanks to these relentless efforts, precious gems andminerals have been unearthed year by year.

Coal is one of the minerals found in Myanmar. In the past, there was only 2coal mining blocks namely Kalaywa coal mine and Namma coal mine, but now,there are 82 coal mining blocks in the country. Increase in the number of coalmining blocks fulfils the fuel needs of the country.

There were very few antimony and marble mining blocks in the past but nowthe number of antimony and marble blocks has increased up to 68 each and 18blocks of fireproof soil, 11 blocks of soft soil and 2 blocks of sandstone hasemerged.

Moreover, the number of gypsum blocks has reached 7 from one in the past.The table shows minerals exploited in ores of the country in the time of theTatmadaw Government.

Increase in minerals mined

1 Coal (metric ton) 39332 367025 327693

2 Antimony (metric ton) - 5470 5470

3 Marble (metric ton) - 4064 4064

4 Gypsum (metric ton) 21188 72196 51008

5 Fireproof soil (metric ton) - 43654 43654

6 Soft soil (metric ton) - 7317 7317

7 Sandstone (metric ton) - 10533 10533



BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM56

Myanmar is abundantly rich in mineral resources:Jade lots at annual Gems, Jade and Perl emporium.

in Mining Sector 51

BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM57

More mines, mining blocks

and factories emerge

in states and divisions

Gems play an important role in the economic sector of the State. Joint

Venture Enterprises are conducting their businesses such as surveying, mining,

processing and trading of various minerals and gems.

For the long-term interest, they are doing their business in accord with laws

prescribed. In the country mineral deposits can be found most in Sagaing and

Mandalay Divisions and border areas. Therefore, while taking measures for border

area development, gems are mined in these areas.

Such minerals as coal, limestone, lead, zinc, nickel, cromite, gypsum,

platinum and iron are being explored and mined in Kengtung east region, Palaung

region, Kachin special region, Wa Region and Taninthayi Region. Moreover,

precious minerals are hunted in other states and divisions and thus mineral ores

have emerged in various parts of the nation.

The table shows increase in the number of mines, mining blocks and

factories in the time of the Tatmadaw Government.


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM58

Mining blocks and Factoriesin states and divisions

1 Kachin 3 1246 1243

2 Kayah 2 12 10

3 Kayin - 17 17

4 Mon 6 31 25

5 Rakhine 7 8 1

6 Shan 10 344 334

7 Sagaing 6 627 621

8 Tanithayi 19 54 35

9 Bago 1 22 21

10 Mandalay 16 687 671

11 Ayeyawady 2 5 3

Sr 1988states and divisions 2005 Progress

in Mining Sector 53

BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM59

The world's largest ruby (504.5 carats)


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM60

Energy Sectorwitnesses sustained

progress

Development ofEnergy


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM61

Extended work in inland

oil fields, increased oil and gas outputOil and gas is essential for humans. At present, with the development in

science and technology, oil and gas consumption has increased. At such a time,exploring and drilling of oil and gas in inland areas only is not enough to fulfil thefuel consumption and thus the business has to be operated in offshore areas.

Myanmar is rich in natural resources. Oil is drilled mostly in the central partof the country and Yenangyoung region has been famous for oil since ancient times.

In the colonial period, colonialists drilled Myanmar’s oil at will. It is learntthat the amount of oil the colonialists drilled in the country reached about 250 mil-lion barrels.

When defeated in the war, they also destroyed the oil fields of Myanmar.As successive governments have striven for revitalizing Myanmar’s oil fields,

the situation has become normal.In the time of the Tatmadaw government, all-out efforts are being made to

explore oil and gas.To be able to double these efforts by spending a large sum of money coupled

with manpower, modern technology and machines, the government has invited for-eign oil companies to explore oil and gas in the country. In the oil fields, the depthof the old wells are extended and new wells sunk and thus many achievements havebeen made.

The table shows increase in drilling crude oil and production of oil and gasin the time of the Tatmadaw Government.

Increased drilling of oil and gas in inland areas

1 Inland oil field 19 19 Upgradedunder special projects

2 Length of inlandnatural gas pipeline (mile) 250.91 1259.79 1008.88

3 Gas production(cubic feet in million) 41913.97 52026.97 10113

4 Oil and gas factories 8 13 5

5 Refining of crude oil(gallon in million) 156.461 230.796 74.335

Sr 1988states and divisions 2005 Progress


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM62

Well No 2 in Oil and Natural Gas Field in Nyaungdon Township.

in Energy Sector 57

BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM63

Increased production of

natural gas in offshore blocks

One of the important factors in national development is increased productionof oil and gas. With this end in view, the government is paying serious attention toincreased production of oil and gas and in doing so ways and means are sought to gaintechnical know-how, capital and mechanical powers inviting foreign companies inaccordance with Foreign Investment Law.

As part of the drive to increase the production of oil and gas, projects namelyYadana Natural Gas Project, Yedagun National Gas Project and other projects arebeing implemented in blocks in offshore areas. Moreover, tasks to explore oil and gasare being carried out in Mottama, Taninthayi and Rakhine offshore areas.

Now, these oil and gas blocks produce abundant natural gas and theycontribute much towards earning foreign exchange. In the four months in 2005,Yadana Natural Gas Project exported over 70,000 cubic feet and the total amount ofexported natural gas between 1998 and 2005 reached over one million cubic feet.

In the four-month-period in 2005, Yedagun Natural Gas Project exportedover 50,000 million cubic feet and from 1998 to 2005, the project exported about500,000 million cubic feet of natural gas. Natural gas is also being explored in blocksoff Rakhine coast.

The table shows the length of natural gas pipeline and increase in productionof natural gas in the time of the Tatmadaw Government.

Increase in production of gas in offshore areas

1 Offshore oil field - 2 2

2 Length of natural gas pipeline (mile)

- Inland (mile) 250.91 1259.79 1008.88

- Offshore submarine (mile) - 342.00 342.00

- Offshore above-ground (mile) - 81.00 81.00

3 Production of natural gas

(cubic feet in million) - 325226.61 325226.61



BCIME 3/6/06, 9:01 AM64

in Energy Sector 59

BCIME 3/6/06, 9:02 AM65


Emerging oil refineries and

petroleum product factories

In striving for emergence of a peaceful, modern and developed nation,

emphasis is being placed on development of every sector.

The energy sector plays an important role in nation-building endeavours.

To be able to distribute oil and fuel to projects being implemented throughout

the country, border areas, departments and workshops and factories and respective

townships in time, more oil refineries and petroleum product factories have been

built.

The table shows increase in the number of oil refineries and petroleum

product factories in the time of the Tatmadaw Government.

Oil refineries and petroleum product factories

1 Oil refinery 3 3 Upgrading machine power

2 Gas plant 1 3 2

3 Fertilizer factory 3 4 1

4 Methanol factory 1 1 Upgrading machine power

5 Tar factory - 1 1

6 Carbon dioxide factory -‘ 1 1



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67

BCIME 3/6/06, 9:02 AM67


BCIME 3/6/06, 9:02 AM68

Border Areas,Communication,Industry,Mining and Energy

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