Book brazilian techniques

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We have had Nivan Ferreira-Gomes' handbook studied and discussed by two outsidefootball experts, as well as within our own organisation, and the general conclusion wasthat this is a well written and practical handbook; this is a work that will be of great valueto those who admire and wish to emulate the Brazilian style of football.

We were also very impressed with the professional presentation of this manuscript. Itwas agreed that it is a very thorough and also very practical treatment of the rules offootball, that leaves no stone unturned in its desire to give every footballer a complete guideto this interesting, but often confusing subject.

This is an excellently conceived idea, well thought out, and intelligently presented.The language is clear, cogent and precise, the instructions easy to follow and the layoutconstructed for easy reference and swift apprehension of the facts. This is, without doubt,a wmner.

I believe that this book deserves to meet with an enthusiastic reception within its ownspecific marketplace; it is produced to a high standard, and we therefore recommend it forpublication under the Minerva Press imprint.

t~ /\~Ann Austin

Arthur Thorndyke

Chief Ed itor .

Nivan Gomes, a Brazilian soccer coach author of the book 'Brazilian FootballTechniques * A Manual for Coaches " which explores the importance of movementwithin football, 'Brazilian Football Techniques' is based on his entire theory, created bythe coach which he calls' TSM 'Time - Space - Movement.He says' Just as there is IQ,( intelligence coefficient) to measure the differentintellectual capacities among individuals, we also have a move body differencesbetween people, when certain movements are performed, one will do it faster, savingenergy, with lightness and grace, so we have a difference that can be classified as QIM,Coefficient of Intelligence of the Movement, when born, besides the charactersbiologically passed in our chromosomes, which also brings reflexes stimulated duringour lives will allow us to develop skills of its own and therefore different from others,so they have more numerical analysis skills, music, communication, facilities for certainmoves, etc .. The key factor in playing any sport is co-ordination;The ability for aparticular sport, is different from the others, so lifelong sport, we facilitated ourdevelopment, if choices are made in accordance with our motor skills.

Notice how different the movement of a soccer player to an rugby athlete, volleyballathlete, or handball athlete, though sports are co-ordination, they have differentmovements, their own rules, which will therefore require the practitioner's own skillsand dexterity mode.

This difference occurs even within the same sport, let's see how different it is moving agoalkeeper when compared with another player's football team, yet how different is amoving forward compared to a defense, among this second group, its movement has ashorter and faster, and then the other has a movement that can range from small andmedium distances, but always at high speed and with changes directions. Also cancompare the two athletes with identical functions, for example two players midfield,one can have an IQ of movement, more developed than the other. I, for my work when Icheck for new talent for football, watch the new promise, more movement abilities,even for his skills in fundamentals of the sport, for those it can develop, improve withpractice, in about their movements, these are already defined it and therefore can not gobeyond where it went. When I talk about movement and motion, I am not referring onlyto medium distances, long, but also that movement that the athlete does not even get offthe ground, simply by changing the rhythm of your swing to and fro.

Football is a sport full of movements, there are 22 athletes over the ball that are movingall the time.In an individual dispute coefficient the process of intelligence is a key factor forsuccess,Why the race is first a mental planned creation and reading of the movements, whichwill be read and passed to the adversary according to your level ofQIM. This happensso fast, there's not the slightest possibility of reasoning, the athlete who has to movemore developed, industrialized one false move towards the opponent, thus creating thenecessary space for its development, hence the dribble.

The more conscious athlete, tries to do a reading of this movement, the opponent andeven your team to perform better. It's the smartest athlete of the match points along theweaknesses of the opposing team and his team, he'll know the moment we must do tocreate or delete the spaces left by the opponent or even by his team, because football isnot more importantly, create and delete spaces within 90 minutes. He notes that the

position of goalkeeper, as he did better on one side to another, and where yoursupporting foot, and assembles a picture in your mind about moving the team as awhole. On an individual level, he knowledgeable about their ability to drive, you canuse this facility as a legal gun and settle the match in an instant. 'TSM' Time - Space -Movement'. There are three elements that determine a bidding game, a game and even aseason. "

Endorsed by CBF-CONFEDERACAo BRASILEIRA DE FUTEBOL."NIVAN GOMES IS A TECHNICIAN WHO HAS SUCCEFULLYTRAINED MANY YOUNG FOOTBALLERS"

WARNING: Reproduction of this work or any part thereof by means and withoutthe express permission of the Author is forbidden and may result in civilprosecution

Brazilian Football Techniques

Some 100 years ago, a young man named Charles Miller Disembarked atthe port of Santos in Brazil with two balls and a set of rules in his cabintrunk: Football had arrived in Brazil.

Football became an essential part of Brazilian culture and is todayrecognised by anthropologists as more than just a sporting passtime, it is ameans of national integration and identity.

Many believe that Brazilians took to football because the game uses pats ofthe body which are of great importance such as the legs and feet and thedexterity of the footwork makes for a good Samba -

"Then there's the art of the dribble"

"Brazilian Football Techniques" Has been produced for the use of coacheswho are expected to help youth players to develop the individual andcollective techniques and skill used in the game of football or 'soccer' as itis known in some parts of the world.

In modem Brazilian football, the emphasis is now much on keeping ormaintaining possession of the ball. As dribbling is now being frownedupon, the skills of passing and control of the ball have to be of the highestquality.

As style of play which is based very much on accurate passing, and controlof the ball is the true 'Brazilian" style of football, keep it simple, that's thekey to development.

"Yes we have learned things from Europe, like determination and fightingspirit, but technique? That will always be Brazil's.".

Brazilian Football Techniques

Nivan Ferreira-Gomes is a forn1er Brazilian football playerswho played in Brazilian Football since the age of 14 years withseveral Brazilian clubs.

He holds a Brazilian Confederations of Football Certificate anda Sport Administration Degree from the University of Sao Pauloin Brazil. He is a melnber of the Professional Coaches Union ofSao Paulo State in Brazil.

Nivan has had over fifteen years experiences as a coach withjunior players and has concentrated on the developemnt of skillsfor junior players.

LAW 1 THE FIELD OF PLAY

LAW 2 THE BALL

LAW 3 NUMBER OF PLAYERS

LAW 4 PLAYERS' EQUIPMENT

LAW 5 REFEREES

LAW 6 LINESMEN

LAW 7 DURATION OF THE GAME

LAW 8 THE START OF PLA Y

LAW 9 BALL IN AND OUT OF PLAY

LAW 10 METHOD OF SCORING

LAW 11 OFF-SIDE RULE

LAW 12 FOULS AND MISCONDUCT

LAW 13 FREE-KICKS (Direct and Indirect)

LAW 14 PENALTY-KICKS

LAW 15 THROW-INS

LAW 16 GOAL-KICKS

LAW 17 CORNER-KICKS

In this chapter, the most important laws of the game of football are listed but pleasenote that subject to the agreement of the National Associations concerned, andprovided the general principles of these Laws are maintained, the laws of the gamemay be modified in their application. For instance:

1. In matches for male players of under 16 years of age, changes cali be madeas follows:

(a) size of the playing pitch;(b) size, weight and material of the ball;(c) width between the goal-posts and height of the cross-bar

from the ground;(d) the duration of the periods of play;(e) number of substitutions.

(a) size, weight and material of the ball;(b) the duration of the periods of play.

Further modifications are only permissible with the consent of The International Board(FIFA).

One at earn conrer, optional at the halfway line (at least 1 yard fromtoucbline). Flagposts must be at least 5 feet bi",ah, haw a non-pointedtop and a flag attached.

A circle of 10 yards radius aronnd the centre of thehalfway line.

An area enclosed by avo lines drawn at right angles to the goal line, 6 ~'ards fromeach goal post. The lines extend into the field of play for a distance of 6 yards andjoined by a line drawn parallel with the goal line.

Same plan as the goat area but the area starts with lines 18 yards from tlte [N~lDEof the goalposts and goes into the field of play for a distance of 18yards and joinedby a line parallel "ith the goal line.

An arc ha"ing a radius of 10 ~'ards. "ith its centre at the Penal!» Spot,drawn on the ontside only of the PenaIt)' Area and used only duringpenalty kicI;s.

8 feet high. 8 yards wide (INSIDE MEASUREJ\tENTS), posts nothicker 1han 5 indtes. The line be1ween the posts mnst be the same"idth as the posts. The crossbar should be the s-.nnewidtlt as theuplights.

Line markings are part of the field of play. The penalty area markingsare part of the penalty area.

In a competition match. if the crossbar breaks and a replacemetrt is notavailable, the game ends.. In a friendl~' match. a rope ma~'be used butthe Referee has a discretion in this case. The goal posts mnst be painted white.

Please note that just bec-<lusetlte line markings are incorrect does not make ituecessary to abandon tlte game. If the problem cannot be rectifie~ play the gameand report the matter to the relevant F00tbali Association.

Althou",obit is tlte referee's decision as to whether or not the ground is pla~cable, in junior football the COImcil of therelevant Football Association usually makes tbe decision. Howewr. it shoulf be noted that if the Referee believes tbat tlteconditions constitute a danger to the pla~>ers,play should not be allowed to continue. In addition. a report should be madeto the relevant Foothall Association.

Weight at the startof the game:

27" - 28" (for junior th1nres the circumference may be smaller.and you should check ~'onr local b~·-laws).

14 - 16 OUllces(396 - 453 grammes). If the ball becomes Ilea,,')'during the game it should not he dtanged unless authorised by the referee.

Pressure of the ball: 8.5 -15.61b/sq.indt (06 -1.1 atmosplIeres). If the ball becomesdetlated it must be clIanged.

If the ball bursts or becomes detlated during the game, the game is stopped and restarted with a "drop ball" from the point(excludiug the goal aI"ea)"-here the ball burst or became deflated.

The match ball is considered the property of the relevant F00tbali Association or the host club and at the close of play itmust be handed back to the referee.

A team consists of no more than 11 players one of whom must be nominated as the goalkeeper. Any player can changeplaces "ith the goalkeeper at any time pro'\ided that the change takes place during a stoppage in pia)" and the Referee isinfonned prior to the change. Hthe Referee is not infonned, the players concerned shonld be cautioned for ungentlemanlyconduct at the nert stoppa",oe.

Different rules for different competitions.In Internationals. 2 substitntes from a maximum of 5named prior to the match.

Referee must be infonned prior to change. Substituteenters at halfWay mark after the player who has beensubstituted has left the field of play. The substitute mustenter during a stoppage in play.

A player who has been substituted cannnot take anyfurther part in the game. The substitute, and players whoban" been substituted. come under the juristiction of theRefer'ce.

The minimum number of players for either team is 7. If one {""ambas less than 7 players at the commencement, the game isabandoned. If, during the ganle the mmlber of players becom,'Sless than 7 due to inj~', send-offs etc. the game is also abaf!(i 'nedand a report sent to the relevant Football Association.

If a substitute enters the tbe fidd. "ithout permission. as tilT i lthplayer, play shall be stopped. The substitute shall be cautiom',; or'sent off depending on the circumstances and play restarted willi adrop ball from where the ball was when play was stopped (e:'H:ptin the goal area).

[f a substitute enters the field, "ithout permission. as the 11h.

player, he sball be cautioned or sent off. depending on thecircnmstances, and play restarted with an indirect free kick f< ,mwhere the ball was when play stopped (except in the goal arn'

A player who has been ordered off for misconduct prior to thmatch, may be replaced by a named substitute.

A substitute who has been ordered off for misconduct, eitherbefore or during a match, may not be replaced.

If the Referee realises that a team has twelve players, the m"1 hmust be restarted "ith time adjustments as necessary',

* enforce the Laws.* apply the advantage clause.* keep a record of the game - goals scored (and scorers ifnccessary), who kicked off,

kick off time, cautions, send-offs, snbstitntnions.* stop the game due to exceptional circumstanes (weather, spectator disturbance etc.).* caution and/or send off players who infringe the laws.* allow no one to enter the field "ithout permission.

* stop the game if a pla)'er is seriously injured but wait for a stoppage if the injur;y isuot serious.

* signal recommencement of play after all stoppages.* check the ball.

qualified Referees, usually appointed by thegoverning bod)'

Neutral Linesmen assist the Referee in all facets of the gllllle, subject to the instructionsof the Referee. Their duties usnalIy include:

* ball in and out of play* offside* fouls the Referee is UR'.lbleto see* substitutions* keeping a record of the game

Neutr-.d Linesmen should inform the Referee of any infringement of the law'Sthat they see resulting in a goal being scored.The Referee can then, ifw-arranted, disallow the goal pro"\iding that play has not been restarted,

Club Linesmen usnalIy only indicate ball in and out of play. They are not able toindicate fouls.

The game is divided into two EQUAL halves. The usual time is 45 minutes although the time can change with younger agegroups.

If a penalty kick is awarded and the time allowed for the half elapses before the kick is taken, the kick still Pl'Oceeds and theReferee should inform the players that the halfwill end as soon as the result of the kick is knonn.

If the match is stopped before the end of allocated time, the Referee must send a report to the relevant Football Associationwhich shall detennine the result.

If the Referee allow'Sa shortened first half to be plaJ'ed, the second half must also beshortened. However, if the mistake is realised in time, the players should be brou",ohtback to complete the first half. The second halfis then played the run allocated time.

At the beginning of the game, choice of ends and the kick-off shall be decided by the toss of a coin. The teanl whOling thetoss shall ha"\'ethe option of choice of ends or the kick-off.

After the half -time interval when the game is restarted for the second half, ends shall be changed and the kick-off shall betaken by a player from the opposite team to that of the player who started the game.

After anJ- other temporary suspension, when restarting the game after a tempOrary suspension of play due to any cause notmentioned elsewhere in these Laws, provided that intmediately prior to the suspension, the ball has not passed over the thetouch-line or the goal-line, the Referee shall drop the ball at the place where it was when pla.r was suspended, unless the ballwas within the goal area at that time, in wbiclt case it shall be dropped on that part of the goal area line wbiclt runs parallelto the goal-line, at the point nearest to ~-here the ball ",-as",-hell pia;}'was stopped. It shall be deemed in play when it hastouched the ground; if, however, if it goes O'\-erthe touch-line or goal-line after it has been dropped b)' the Referee, butbefore it is touched by a player, the referee shall again drop it. A player shall not play the hall until it has touched theground. If this section of the Law is not complied with the Referee shall again drop the baIL

The ball is in pia;\'unless it "iIOn:ycrosses the touch or goal lines.,either on the ground, or in the air, '1)rthe Referee stopsplay for any reason.

The lines are part of the field of playas are COiner and goal post. The ball is still in play if it stmres the Referee orLinesmen whilst they are in the field of play. The ball is out if it "iIODycrosses the line in the air and then comes back intothe field.

Free ldcks eannot be awarded for offenees committed whilst the ball is out of pla.y. Howe,'er. players mn be eautioned orsent off for such offences.

A goal is scored when the whole of tbe ban passes o"er the goal line between the uprights and under the <Tosslr.u~unless aninfringement bas occurred.

If an outside a"oentpre"ents the baUgoing into the goal, the Referee eannot award the goal but he must cl rop the ball wherethe outside agent stopped the ball, except in the goal area, wbere the ball is dropped on the 6 yard lin~. XC the outside agentonly touches the ball or interferes with a defender and ball goes into the goal, the Referee must dro~, the ball where theoutside agent touched it ')1" wll<'rethe ball was "nen the outside agent inte•.fen~d with the defender exc;""t in the g<ralat'eawhere the ball is dropped on the 6 yard line.

(1) A player is in off-side position ifhe is ne-Mer to his opponents' goal-line thanthe lr.tll,unless:

(a) he is in Olmhalfofthe field of play, or(b) he is not ne-drer to his opponents' goal-line than at least two ofbis opponents,

(2) A player shall only declared off-side and penalized for being in an off-side position, if, at thl.'moment the ball touches., or is played by one of his team-mates, he is, in the opinion oftheReferee:

(a) interfering with play or with an opponent, or(b) seeldng to gain an advantage by being in that position.

(a) merely because of his heing in an off-side position, or(b) if he receh'es the ball, direct from a goal-ldck, a comrr-kick, or a throw-in.

(4) If a pla}'er is declared off-side, the Referee sball award an indirect free-kick, "ftiIichshan hetaken by a player of the opposing te-.amfrom the place where the infringement occurred,unless the offence is committed by a p1a}'u in bis opponents' goal-area. in which case, thefree-kick sball be taken from a point aD}",nere within that half of the goal-area in w1lidl theoffence occurred,

N.R Please refer to the ••passiw" off-side rule wnen a player is not interfering with pi. yor ""ill not gainan ad"anfage is not penalized.

(2) Trips an opponent,i.e..,thro"ing or attempting to throw him b}'the use of the legs or stoppinr:in front of or behind him;

(3) .Jumps at an opponent;(4) Charges an opponent in a ,iolent or dangerous manner;(5) Charges an opponent from behind unless the latter be obstnIcting;(6) Strikes or attempts to strike an opponent _ spits at him;(7) Holds an opponent;(8) Pushes an opponent;(9) Handles the baD(except for the goalkeeper in his ffi't'll penalt~yarea)

shall be penalized by the award of a direct free-kU:k to be taken by the opposing side from the place here the offenceoccurred, unless the offence is committed by a player in his opponents' goal-area, in \'\mch case, a free-kick shall be takenfrom a point anywhere \'\ithin that half of the goal-area in which the offence occurred.

Shonld a player of the defending side intentionally commit anyone of the above nine offences within the penalty area heshall be penalized by a pena1Jy-kick.

A penalty kick can be awarded irrespective of the position of the baD, if in play, at the time an offence \'\ithin the penaltyarea he shallbe penalized by a penalty-kick

1]\;J)IRECT:the

Any free-kickawarded to the defending team, within its own goal area, may be taken from any point \'\ithin that half of thegoal area in ,,'hieh the free-kick has been awarded.

Any indirect free-kick awarded to the attacking team \'\ithin its opponent's goal area shall be taken from the part of thegoal area line which runs parallel to the goaI-line, at the point nearest to where the offence was committed. At indirect freekicks to the attacking side \'\ithin the penalty area, the defenders must be 10 }...ros from the baDor on the goal-line betweenthe post.

A penalty Idck is a\'\...roed when a defender intentionally commits one of the nine penal offences in Law It, within his 0"'11

penalty area when the baD is in play.

The Mcker must be nominated. If a player other than the nominated Mcker takes the kick, he shall be c-.lUtionedand thekick retaken.

The goalkeeper must haw part of both feet on the goaI-line between the posts until the ball is in pby.

Other than the nominated kicker and the goaleeper, all play'Crsshari be on the field of pIa:-",Olltside the penalty area and atI"ast to yards from tb" baDuntil the baD is in play.

A throw-in is giwn wl1<.'l1tilt' ball wbolly crosses the touch-lin", dther on the ground or in th" air. A player of the oppositett'am to that who last touched the ball takes the throw-in.

(a) face th" Odd of play (not necessarily the direction the ball is thrown)(b) use both hands(c) throw th" baDfrom behind and over the ht'ad(d) haw part of both reet on the ground, on od bt'hind the touch-lin"(,,) take the throw-in from the point where the baDcrossed the touch-lin".

If the player taking the kickslices the ball and it crosses the goa!-line before leaving the penalty area,the kick shall be retaken. If the ball leaves the penalty area and th",n crosses the goal-line, play is ~tarted with a cornerkick.

(a) A corner-Idck is awarded when the defending team plays the ball over the goa!-line (exceptfor the goals)

(b) The corner kick is taken from the nearest corner to where the ball crossed the goal-line andthe ball must be placed wholly "ithin the 1 yard quadrant.

(c) The corner flag most not be moved.(d) Opposing players most be 10 yards from the ball.(e) The ball is in play when it has travelled its circumference.(f) The kicker cannnot play the ball a second time nntil it has been tonched by another player.(g) A goal can be scored direct from a corner-kick.(II) A player cannot be offside direct from a corner-Idck.

This Mannal does not contain all laws relevant to the game of foothall and for more information about football IaVo'S, see"Referees' Cbart and Players' Guide to the Laws of Association FoothaIl" 1991-1992 Anthorised b)' The InternationalFootball Association Board (FIFA) printed by Pan Books.

The key factor in playing any sport is co-ordination. Without this attribute,nobody can be a successful sports person. In football, co-ordination, flexibilityand balance are vital elements in every successful footballer. So it is veryimportant to work with those elements throughout all developmental processes.

Football displays general characteristics common to many games. These affectthe type of training which is undertaken to prepare for participation in thegame.

Before undertaking the more energetic phases of training, it is important toperform ftwarm up" exercises in order to limber up the body. These exercisesshould be adapted to different groups of players depending on age, sex and levelof fitness. Following, are some useful warming up exercises.

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The characteristics of the game of football which are "energy requiring" ae ivities include:* intermittent exercise;* variety of movement patterns, e.g running, jumping, kicking;* frequent changes in direction;* and varying intensities of activity.

The period of preparation should be in three phases. The amount of tir ..~devoted to eachphase is as follows:

First Phase (Phase A)Second Phase (Phase B)Third Phase (Phase q

-50%-25%-25%

* Basic Endurance* Basic Strength

( 1 ) - Without Pressure(2) - With Token Pressure( 3 ) - With Active Pressure( 4 ) - Grid Exercises

* Speed* Speed Endurance* Explosive Stength

(5) - Group Coaching (defence)(6) - Group Coaching (attack)( 7 ) - Situation Exercises( 8 ) - One against on~ one against two, two against two etc

(Combinations with shots at Goal)( 9 ) - Attack versus Defence

* Reduction in intensity* Period of Stabilisation

( 10 ) - Pattern of Play( 11 ) - Situation Exercises( 12) - Team Coaching( 13 ) - Set Plays

r;===============;==============;,#Technical and Tactical Elements Age Groups I'

Elements of Phases A, B & C 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 ,I1. Running and "daneing" with the ball 1 Il2. Start 8 -j;f

3. Chan~2 Direction with Speed 14. Jumping to Head Ball off One Foot 1

then two Feet5. Dribbli02 with the Full Instep 96. Dribbli02 with the Inside of the Foot 97. Dribbling with the Outside of the foot 28. Dribbling with the Sole of the Foot 59. Indhidual JU221i02 710. JU221in2 "ith a Partner -4

11. Kicking with the FuU Instep -4

12. Kicking with the Instep 1013. Kicking with the Outside of the Instell 314. Kicki02 "ith the Inside of the Foot 615. The HalfVollev (front & side) 716. The Volley Kick (front & side) 1 i17. Heading without a Jump 2 C"

18. Heading with a Jump 6 "

19. Diving Header 1 ;,

20. Kicking a Mming Ball at Goal 621. Volle" Kick at Goal 1122. Heading at Goal 1123. Cushioning the Ball with the Full 6

Inside oCthe Foot24. Cushioning the Ball "ith the FuU 5 IIInstep go

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25. Cushionin2; the Ball with the Thi2;h 626. Cushionin2; the Ball with the Chest 227. Cushionin2; the BaD with the Head 728. Trappin2 the BaD",ith the Sole 729. Trapping the BaD with the Inside of the 8

Foot30. Trapping the Ball with the Outside of 3

the Foot31. Trapping the Ball with the Stomach 8

and Chest32. Basic Tacklin1! 433. The Shoulder Chat1!e 434. The Slidin2 Tackle 935. Interceptin2; the Pass 236. Fi~htin2; and Dribblin2 537. Passin2; Between two or three Players 838. Basic Combination 939. Basic Combination two 32ainst one 340. Basic Combination two 32ainst two 1041. Helpful Tactical Games 1142. Throw-ins, Walls, Corners & Penalties 343. Technical-Tactical Elements in Attack 1244. Teehnical- Tactical Elements in 12

Defence45. Mini Football 346. Whoie Pitch FootbaU 947. The "Off-side" Trap 548. The "Banana" Kick with both feet 7

inside and outside of feet49. Classic Kicks - the "back heel" 1150. Classic Kicks - kicking ""ith one leg 11

behind the other51. "Lav-offs" with head or chest 1

NEW ELEMENTS 12 9 9 12 9TOTAL ELEMENTS 12 21 30 42 51

THE TECHNICAL & TACTICAL DEVELOPMENTOF THE YOUNG FOOTBALL PLAYER

CHAPTER THREECircuit Training

For a satisfactory training session you, as the coach, must be in the control of the whole process. [ have found that a circuitwith a total of four (4) stations, more or less depending on how large the group is, seems to be the best way to manage atraining session.

Speed is an essential component of the game:The faster player has the ability to take up positions sooner ratherthan later, which is an advantage in many situationsFaster players can also recover from poor defensive positions orfrom mistakes more effectively than their slower counterpartsFaster players usually react faster to situations.

Examples such as those above show the advantages of being a fastpla~'er. Match analysis studies show that approximately75°/., of sprinting during the game occurs over distances between 6 and 32 metres, and originate from moving starts ratherthan standing starts. Upper limits of 55 metres were occasionally experienced. Therefore, it is recommended that themajority of sprint training should be in the range of 6 to 50 metres.

®=a 1. Speed in Reaction

Technical CircnitTraining

In technical circuit training I will make some suggestions that I have been working with throughout mycoaching career. As I said ball control and the nature of the pass must be of the highest quality. Passingexercises, beading etc, must be done in different situations such as:

* standing,* in motion,* with pressure and* without pressure.

* good control of bod)' movement,* understanding with thier team-mates and* the abilit)' to "read" tbe game by understanding the movements ofopponents, the ball and team-mates.

To assist players in developing good body controal and balance, during the warm up §'tageof training, pla)'erssbould do a series of balancelco-ordination exercises. Below is just one example of at:<exercise which helps toteach balance.

As a coach, do keep in mind that only by repetition of situations, improvement will be possiblein football techniques. Start from the very basic because if basics are learned, then half thework will already be done.

~ Repetition of exercises until they become "automatic"

Station 10Station 11

"Three players-two balls" exercises in motion: passes withinside of the foot; heading; passing with side of the foot; scissorkicks; headin with' urn s. See Dia ram for Station 1Passing exercises: the simple lay-off; the delayed lay-off;repetetive passing in groups of 6 players such as in a circle withone la er in the middle. See Dia rams for Station 2The "new" triangle and shooting in groups of 4. See Diagramfor Station 3Defending against comers and free kicks and the fast break. SeeDi rams for Station 4Passing and turning in groups of 3 players. See Diagram forStation 5"One-two" in a repetetive situation - first with token resistanceand then with real resistance. See Dia ram for Station 6Game of "Netball" or "Basketball" with real pressure - firstlyonl usin hands and then with hands and headPass-overlap-receive the ball - in front of a defender or behinddefender with dummies. See Dia ram for Station 8Penalty shooting with and without targets in the goal SeeDia ram for Station 990 de ree assin in rou s of 3. See Di ram for Station 10Heading the ball backwards in groups of 3. See Diagram forStation 11Half volley; in groups of 3 kicking the ball at 90 degrees toa roach run. See Dia ram for Station 12Heading between three players:(i) at an angle between 3 players, see Diagram for Example (i)(ii) running and heading, see Diagram for Example (ii)iii headin on the turn, see Dia ram for Exam Ie iii

Trapping the ball with inside of foot and with and without halfturn-feintJuggling the ball alone, then in pairs, threes and fours: heading;inside of foot; three touches head-foot and foot-head. SeeDia ms for Station 15

Station 17Station 18

Station 21Station 22

Station 23Station 24

Station 30Station 31Station 32

Pass approach run at an angle and pulling the ball through legsof an 0 onentVolle s: la er throws/dro s the ball himself and volle sitTrapping the ball with the outside of the foot - with andwithout turnsPassing the ball between 4 players, the last pass going cross-field. See Dia ram for Station 19Lifting or "chipping" the ball over the head of another player.See Dia m for Station 20Ju lin Ball: foot-chest-foot-chest 'Changing direction with big "chopping" action with outside ofthe footIndividual'u lin "extrava anza": foot-chest-headThe long/short-short/long passing sequence. See Diagram forStation 24Repetition of the simple turn: insisting. on proper bodypositioning; sideways in different sequences; control-turn-ptClss;turn-control-dribble ass. See Dia ram for Station 25In a Square - Three Players One Ball:(i) One corner is always free and the player with the ballpasses the ball one way and runs the other way to the freecorner. See Diagram for Station 26(ii) As in the previous example but the passes are diagonm(iii) As in the above examples but the players now rundiagonallyiv As in the first exam Ie but usin two balls

In a Square - Three Players Against One: One corner is al¥aysfree and the ball goes to that corner so that the players arerunning in "created space" or players run to any free corn(!' toprovide options for the player in possession. See Diagram forStation 27LongiShort-ShortlLong Passes: Four players in a group; thesupport player's positioning and "photo taking" is vital 8f thelong ball should be of the type called a "drop-in". See Diag,amfor Station 28In a Large Area Strikers - v - Defenders in three difftnmtsituations:(i) one defender tries to tackle a striker in his allowed smallarea (15m x 10m). The defender cannot move to another ...reaand the striker must move through three areas occupie bydefenders before he can shoot(ii) as in (a) above but with two strikers combining(iii) two defenders in a determined area (30m x 10m) tr;' totackle three strikers before one of them can shoot.See Dia rams for Station 29Three la en, two balls - assin . See Dia ram for Station ;?~OThree la ers, two balls - assin. See Dia ram for Station 31.Three players, two balls - passing and chipping. See Diagmmfor Station 32

Station 33Station 34

Station 36Station 37

Three players, two baUs - headin~. See Di~ram for Station 33"Chipping" and shooting between two players. See Diagram forStation 34Dribbling, passing, controlling the ban and shooting. SeeDiagrams for Station 35. Please note that whenever there is areference to a coach, a player can take that position if suitable"Foot Tennis". See Diagram for Station 36Heading Exercises(i) Player is on the ground in a ••push-up" or reverse ••push-up" position while the coach throws the ball to him. The playerheads the ban back to the coach as he does the push-up(ii) Player is on the ground in a "sit-up" position while theCoach throws the ball to him. the player heads it back to thecoach as he performs a "sit-up"(iii) Similar to (b) but player is kneeling(iv) Similar to (b) but player is sitting and as he heads the ballback(v) Player is standing up and keeps heading the ball back tothe coach(vi) Similar to (d) in that the player is sitting down but as heheads the ban back, he does not get up(vii) Heading the ban back while moving, to players standing ina line. Refer to Diagram for Station 37(viii) Heading the ball back to the coach after a run and jump.Refer to Diagram for Station 37(ix) Diving headers(x) Player heads ball back to the Coach but between eachheader the player runs around the coach(xi) Coach bounces ball for player to head. Refer to Diagramfor Station 37(xii) Three players with two balls. Player in middle "chests"ban back to one player and heads ball back to the other.See Diagrams for Station 37(xiii) Players stand in a circle around one player in the middlewho heads the ball back and forth, in turn, to the outsideplayers.

This can be termed the "hula-hoop" Station as all exercises aredone using a hula-hoop which has a radius of approximately15.50 inches (40 cm). The exercises include technical aspects, forexample juggling, as referred to above, with the constrahd ofhula-hoop. For example:

(i) Juggling the ball while standing inside the hoop. SeeDiagram for Station 38.

(ii) Two players passing the ball, for accuracy. See Diagramfor Station 38(iii) One player in the hoop receiving passes from anotber,traps and controls ballSee Diagrams for Station 38

II----------II----- ...~Station 39 Dribbling Exercises

(vi) Competetive dribbling between two players aroundcones

(vii) The "Coloured Ball Game" JAn)' stations can be chosen in your training programme but amaximum of twelve (12) minutes on(v should be spent at any stationbefore moving to the next station.

~ Control of the Ball and Quality of the Pass through Balance

The two players at the bottom of the picture throw-balls:in turn to the player at the top so that he can kick the balls backwith the inside of the feet, instep, head etc., as :ininstructions above.

Station 2Example One

@::=a Keeping Ball on the Ground and Quality of the Pass

(i) The players on the "outside" of the c:u"depass llie ball to the player on the :UlSideand the play, on the inside "lays"the b<lllofl'to 'lllother player willi either one touch or two touches. As always, encourage use <: ,both feet.

(ll) As :Ul(i) above but in the fu'Stinstance, the outside player'S initiate the passes and in the seco" instance the playeron the inside asks for the passes.

(ill) As:itl (i) above but the outside players run around:Ul a circle in clock'wise and anti-c1och,';'se d'ctions.

Station 2Example Two

@:=a Balance, the Weight of the Pass and Anticipation

Each player can pass the ball to any otilerplayerbut they are limited in the v:raythey can pass the ball e_g.the player in themiddle can only use tile inside of his right foot, the playe-r in the top leil comer can only use his left foot and so Ofi_

I ~ Quality and Precisiou of the Pass and luterckange

The first tbree playersfonn the "triangle" _The fourth player runs onto the ball whic-hhas been "hE, 'lff" by the thirdplayer and shoots at goal

Station 4Example One

~ 1. Clear the ball from the Danger Area2. Try to A-fount a Counter-Attack

~ Quick Control of the Ball and Balance

A player at one end passes the ball to the player in the tniddle who controls the ball while turning. tu.ms <illdpasses theball to the player at the other end, receives the pass back and passes to the first. player and so on. 'rt e player:in themiddle should control and pass using both feet and the distance between the players should be abu: it e:ight('8) :metres.

The player at the bottom of the picture passes the ball to his team-mate (U one") and as he passes it, he runs to avoid thedefender and to receive the return pass ("two") at the cone.

Station 7Playing Netball or Basketball

I @=oa Helps to Teach Positioning I

~ Deception, Precision and Consistency

The penalty taker should aim for the comers as indicated_ NR ifkic1cing with the right foot, then aiE fm-the bottom righthand comer and simitarly with the left fo ot,

I @=d Controlling the Pass I

I ~ Balance I

Front player heads backwards and moves to the back of the line while second player moves up to first.players positionto head the ball backwards and so OtL The ball should be kept up in the all'to allow'time fot'nlOvelh,J ofplajrers,

Station 12

I ~ Flexibility, Swing of Leg and Follow-Through

Station 13Example (i)

I @=a Balance and Concentration I

Station 13Example (it)

I ~ Concentration, ACCUTtuy and Speed I

The player in the middle tUns from the cone to the centre wher he receives the ball from the player on the left and heads itback to him. He then tunS back to the cone while the player on the left passes it to the player on the right and the sequencestarts again. Ensure accuracy in heading and passing

Station 13Example (iii)

I ~ Concentration, Balance and Speed I

The player in the :middle receives the ballfrOlli the player on the right andheads1he ball backw hint- As soon as he has donethat, he turns and receives the ball fi'Ollithe other player and heads it back to bttJ:L Strive tot aCCU1'acyU1 heading-

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Station 15Example (iii)

I @=a Balance, Touch and Combination

Station 15Example (iv)

@==a Balance, Touch and Co-ordinaJion

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I ©=a Timing and FolIow- Through

I @=a Cushioning and preparing for the next sJep I

I @=a Quality of pusses, combination tuul mOl'emetd I

The player on the left starts the move by passing to the player on the right 1,1;.'hilst.running, who passes it t.o tile player onhis right and the third player passes it to the fourth player who passes along ball across the field to the first player whoruns onto the ball and starts the move again. The exercise should be done from both sides i.e. passing to the right and tothe left

Station 20

I @=a Swingingfrom knee and bolnna I

I ~ ACCW'lUJ' and Control I

The t1longlshort-shorll1ong" sequence_ Players should change positions after a detenrdned number f sequences andshould be encouraged to pass with both feet_

I ~ Balonce and Control I

(i) The player in the middle receives the ball from one of the player's on the outside, controls it and passes it:to the otherplayer

(ll) The player in the tniddle receives the ball from one of the players on the outside, con.tt'ols it, dribbles it and then passesit to the other player

Station 26Example (i)

~ Quality of Passing and MOl'ement

Station 26Example (ii)

I ~ Accuracy and Control I

TIre exercise starts with the player in the top rightltaml conrerpassing the lJallltiagoll3lly. As he does so. the other pIa..vers~ he nm in the direction of the arrows (clock-wise). TIre playerwho started 3.t the ))ottom right hand conrer should. 3rI'R'ein Lire empty corner just as tlo..eliaR gets tIre.re .1I...e tire]! passes ilt.e liaR dUgo:n:aL1y in iJs.eiop ri..ght ...,.~ corner :fur tire plaJ>erwho started ill tJre 1Dpleft ltaml conrer. TIre pb.yers keep rmutiJIg m 3.clock-"ise direciien passing 1he hall henreen tJre1Dpright hand corner ~ the ltottom.left corner. To eJlCODragethe lISe of))otJLJeet, the pb.}'ers slunild. 2Iso :nm m all allU-clockwise di.redion. Remember, tlte pmpose of iIUs exe:l"Ciseis _:ment ~ the proper "weight ••on tlte pass.

Station 26Example (iii)

I ®=a Accuracy and Control I

Station 26Example (iv)

@==:a Positioning to Create Ease of Passing

The three players on the outside pass the ball between them and run in.1ofree positions while the d< mder in the middleprovides opposition and thet'efore provides "pressure" on the pass as he tries to intercept the ball. inning diagonallyacross the box is penn:itted.

I ®=a Quality and Control of Passes

The sequence is started with a long pass by the player at the bottom right of the picture. That player ultimately runs fox-the longx-etJJmpass as the other players make two short passes and the last long pass or "drop_in".

Station 29Example (i)

I ~ BaD control and ImagilWtion

The width of the area should be about 15Metres. The attacker tries to beat the first defender 1n.Are~ll. Ifhe beats thedefender then he moves into Area 2 and if successful there, into illea3. If he beats the defenderin,·rea3 he shouldshoot for goal

Station 29Example (ii)

~ Ball control and Imagination

Two attackers try" to pass the defender mArea 1. If they pass rum then 1hey move through to Area 2 and then to Area3where one of them should try"to shootfor goal.

Station 29Example (iii)

©=d Ball control and Imagination

I @=a Control of the Poss

The two players on the outside pass the ball to the playerm the middle m turns. The player m the middle runs between thetwo inner cones and passes the ball back to the outside players. Use of both feet should be encouraged.

I @=a Omtrol of the Pass I

Similar to Station 30 but there are three balls :inuse. As the outside player on the left passes his ball ti! the player in themiddle, the player in the middle U chips" his ball to the player on the out..'tide.As the player:in the middle received the pa.ssfrom the outside player, he cOflUols the ball, turns and does the same tlIing with the other player on the outside.

l©=a

Similar to Station 31 but this time it is the players on the outside who IIchips the ball to the player on the inside who turnswhilst controlling the ball and passes it on the ground to the other player_

I ©=a /Jahuu;e and Quality of the Pass I

Similar to Station 30 but the outside players throw the balls to the player in the middle who heads fur balls back, in turnsto the outside players_

~ Follow-through and Control of the Pass

(i) The player" chips" the baD.over the Cfoss-bar to his team.-mate on the other side of the goalseu) The player shoots low under the tope tied to the uprights. The rope should be about 50cm above the ground(:ill) The p18¥er shoots through the hoops tied to the Cfoos-bar.

These exercises improve accucacyin shooting.

Station 35Example (i)

~ Control of the Ball and Quality of the Pass

Station 35Example (it)

The Coach passes the ball on the ground orin the air to the player who runs onto the ball, controls it, runs with it andshoots. This exercise should be done from both sides.

Station 35Example (iii)

Station 35Example (Hi/Jv I

'Ibis movement starts at about the half-way line. The player jogs backwards toeards the goal with the coach :runningtowards him with the ball When the coach gives a "through ball" the player tum.s quickly, runs otl1o the ball and shoots

Station 35Example (l~

Players dribble the ball between cones and shoot at goat The number of cones can be increased· 0 make the exercisemore difficult

Station 35Example (vi)

Station 35Example (vii)

Player statts at about the half-way line, dn'bbling the ball for about ten metres. He then plays a Hone TOU "rith the coachand keeps running to receive a retumpass and shoots. This exercise should be done from both side~

Brazilian Football Techniques

Station 35Example (viii)

Two players start at about half-way_ One of1hem passes 1he ball to the coach who gives a t"etum pass inside and thenwhichever player gets to the ball first, has a shot at goal..This exercise should be done from both sides

Station 35Example (ix)

The player on the left passes the ball to the player in the middle who does a "first-time" or one touch Jass to the coach andruns towards the goal. The coach passes the ball inside for the player to run on to the ball and shoot TIns exercise sho-uldbe done from both sides

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Three playen; on each side of a tennis net ~.-ithiflan -areamatked by four cones. The ball is headed kicked over the net.Passingbetweell players is allowed just as in YQlle:yballand rules for scoring may be the same as f~,. table tennis.

Station 37Example (i)

Players stand in a line and throw balls to the moving player who moves up and down the :lineheading the ball back to thestanding pla'{ers. Emphasis should placed on accuracy ofheading

Station 37Example (ii)

Station 37Example (iii)

Station 37Example (iv)

The playetin the middle teceives the ball in tumfrom the t,,/o outside players He heads the ball bac} ,) one playet, turnsand teceives the ball from the other playet and "chest.s· it. back. Strive fat accuracy in heading and d sting

Station 38Example (i)

The player stands in the middle of the hoop and juggle s with the right foot, then left foot, then both fe et, then with theright thigh, left thigh and both thighs and then with the head. Try to keep within the hoop and increase repetitions.

One player kicks thl;ba:1HathnJthenrmHries to land it in the hoop and vice versa. The hoops should be apart for15 metres, then 20 metres and then 25 metres.

Station 38Example (iii)

(i) The coach passe s the ball on the ground, or in the arr so in order that the player inside the hoop controls it with thefoot, thigh,chest etc

(it) Similar to (i) above but in tlllS situation, as the coach passes the ball, he runs towards the player in the hoop as if totackle him, thereby applying token or real pressure.

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Duration: 50-60 min:Characteristics: body movementIntensity: low

1. 3-4 min "Running with the ball" in pairs ... all the little touches for warmmg-uppurposes

Duration: 55-65 minsCharacteristics: Ball controlIntensity: medium

L 3-4 min "Dancing with the ball" - the different steps

2. 3-4 min Dribbling - slalom

" 3-4 min Stretching.J.

4. 3-4 min Chasing each other in defined area - "catch me if you can"

8. 4-5 min Conclusion: easy ball-work like running with the ball around thefield normally and with full instep and rolling the ballback with the sole of the foot

Duration: 60-70 minCharacteristics: TechniqueIntensity: High

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4-5 min Passive stretching and dynamic movements-"in stretched skillsituation"loosening high leg-swing, straight and volley

5 min with the leg that has less ability5 min of two touch footbaH5 min two touch football with two balls5 min three touch football5 min of ordinary game, as many touches as you want

9. 4-5 Conclusion: Evaluation of the sessionStretching for warming down

Tactical aspects of the game have to be separeted into three steps: Individual., Groupsand Collective.

Any of those aspects must have the basic elements for support such as, co-ordinatioll, balance,control of body movements and also the basic tecniques/skills of passing and control of the ball.Without those supporting elements, you, as a coach"">can--oTlotwork with the teaJ11in relation to tacticalstrategic planning.

Individual Tactical Aspects: The player has to keep in mind that he is part of a team and any actionon the field has to be to the benefit of the team. Any individual mistake will go against the team'sperformance. The idea of experts in some positions are over. Nowadays only goalkeepers have a setposition. In coming years all players will play in any position on the field. So do. not forget that youare going to prepare a new generation of footballers and one of the most important thing is to keepyour feet in the present and your eyes on the future.

Groups Tactical Aspects: Defence, midfield and attack are the three phases and must have good linksand understanding between them, avoid gaps or rows through the team and and set up tasks for eachplayer such as:

corners-kicks, free-kicks, throw-ins, walls, off-side trapsand rebound pick-ups.

defence, assisting defenders, distribution of the ball andorganisation of defence and support in attack andand picking up rebounds in attack

Collective Tactical Aspects: Aggression, spirit and determination are vital factors in many fine sides,but these ingredients without skill, self and team discipline do not make winning teams Using allthe above group elements you can set up your tactical strategic plan and leave some alternatives incase of a unexpected event coming up.

As I said speed is a key element in football and if used wisely can turn into a lethal weapon for anyteam.

This is a Ba'k formation. Nnle lhe possible movement of wpport p1ay= to take up position, ;;, . IIattack and cover h'l defence

In Attack

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In Brazilian football. defence is a combination of "zonal" and "man-to-man" defence.Note the natureof the formation in that the player in front is supported by two team-mates on either side of him and tothe rear, forming a triangle

Although many youngsters get involved in Football at an early age, only a few \Nillbe successful asFootball players. The unsuccessful player has different factors which he blames for his failure andfrustration whilst the successful footballer has different factors to rave about. Th(; important factorsare:

1 - Attendance at training sessions2 - Enough time to attend the session3 - Teammates with equal technical and physical levels4 - Motivation at the training5 - Diversification of techniques6 - Rhythm of work7 - Inadequate method of training9 - Self confidence

10 - Complete dedication11 - Self discipline12 - An obsession for success

We must produce players who are fully prepared for the game as it will be flayed in the 21stCentury. Therefore, players will have to be complete and extremely versatile, ith the followingqualities:

- Strong motivation- Balance- Co-ordination

.:~- Optimum elasticityS -Good speed::~- Exeptional fighting qualities

- Strong stamina- High technical level

:::,:- Exceptional tactical Know-how(:9 - Winner's Mentality- Winning is not everything but it is the most important thi7

Remember, BRA Z I L were Three Times World Football Champions atJ UN lOR and SE N lOR levels

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'/~~f =--_-Brazilian Football Techniques.

Conversations with Luiz Bocucci-Netoduring Copa Brasil de Futebol Junior 1992E.C Santo Andre - Sao Paulo - Brazil.

Prof. Luiz Flavw Ribeiro Buongermino: "NOSSO FUTEBOL"MALTA EDITORA - Rio de Janeiro - Brazil.

Edsio Wagner Auricchw & Senel'al da Silva:"FUTEBOL arte" lAC EDITORA LTDA, Vila Maria -Sao Jose dos Campos - sp - BraziL

Prof. Edesio Wagner Auricchio & Prof Seneval Vieira daSilva "FUTEBOL ESCOLA" JAC EDITORA - S. 1. Campos - SPBrasil.

THE FOOTBALL A..~SOCL4TION: Referees' Chart and Players'Guide to the Laws of Association Football 1991-1992Authorised by the International Football Association

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