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BODY LANGUAGE
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Page 1: Body language

BODY LANGUAGE

Page 2: Body language

ORIGIN OF BOBY LANGUAGE

• Body language is a product of both genetic and environmental influences.

• More refined Gestures are learned or modified through learning usually by unconscious observation of the environment.

Page 3: Body language

INTRODUCTION

• Body language refers to any kind of bodily movement or postures, including facial expressions, which transmit a message to the observer.

• Every part of the human body, either in motion or stillness conveys a meaning which depends upon the physical, social and cultural context of the action.

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• Body language is a term for communication Studies show that,

• Communication through BL------55%• Communication through Tone----38%• Communication through Words---7%

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• Body language is the meaning behind the unspoken words.• Body language is the communication of personal

feelings,emotions,attitudes,thoughts through BL movement either consciously or unconsciously-voluntarily or unvolunarily.

• Bl forms the part of the category of PARALANGUAGE which describe all forms of human communication that are not verbal language.

• BL contrdicts the spoken word,because the body is more articulated than words in communicating emotion.

• The tricky thing about body language is that we are often unaware of how we are reachig toit.

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VOLUNTARY B’LANGUAGE

Refers to the Movements,Gestures and poses intentionally made by a person.

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INVOLUNTARY B’LANGUAGE

Refers the movements made by a person which often takes the form of facial expression.

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PARTS OF B’LANGUAGE

THE NON-VERBAL SIGNALS ARE OF

NINE TYPES

Page 9: Body language

FACIAL EXPRESSIONS

Facial Expressions are responsible for a huge proportion of nonverbal communication.

EX:Smile,Frown.The expressions for happiness,sadness,anger

and fear are similar throughout the world.

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GESTURES

Deliberate movements and signals are an important way to communicate meaning without words.

EX:waving,pointing,using fingers to indicate numbers.

Other gestures are arbitrary and related to culture.

Page 11: Body language

PARALINGUISTIC

• This refers to vocal communication that is separate from actual language.

EX: tone of voice,loudness,inflection,pitch. consider the powerful effect that tone of voice

can have on the meaning of a sentence.Hesitant tone of voice might convey disapproval

and a lack of interest.

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PROXEMICS

• The state of being near in space or time.• People often refer to their need for “personal

space” which is also an important type of non verbal type of communication.

EX:social norms,situational factors,personality characteristics and level of familiarity.

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EYE GAZE

• When people encounter people or things that they like,the rate of blinking increases and pupils dilate.

• Looking at another person can indicate a range of emotions,including hostility,interest,attraction

EX:looking,staring and blinking

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HAPTICS

Communication through touch is another important nonverbal behaviour.

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APPEARANCE

• Our choices of colouring,clothing,hairstyles and other factors affecting appearances are also considered a means of no verbal communication.

EX:interpretations

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EYE CONTACT

• Eye contact is an important aspect of social interaction, and it is something that many shy and socially anxious people have difficulty with.

• Often people with social anxiety describe looking at someone in the eyes as anxiety-provoking and uncomfortable.

Page 17: Body language

REASONS TO STUDY BODY LANGUAGE

• Body language increases your attractiveness.• Body language reveals your emotions• Body language reduces confusing

words,messages.• Body language improves your communication

skills.• Body language gives you better first

impression.

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IMPROVING YOUR B’LANGUAGE

• Keep your arms and legs open• Develop eye contact,but don’t stare• Relax your shoulders• Nod when they are talking• Sit up straight• Lean but not too much• Smile and laugh• Keep your head up• Use your hands confidently• Keep a positive attitude

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TYPES OF BODY LANGUAGES

• There are six types of body language one has to be aware of

Eye contact Facial expression Head movements Gestures and body movements Postures and stances Proximity and social distance Hand shake

Page 20: Body language

EYE CONTACT

• Researches have discovered that one of the main differences between people who make friends easily, and those people who have a hard time making new friends is how much eye contact they make with their conversation partners.

• When you learn to make eye contact more effectively, you can increase the number of people who want to be your friends.

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• If u make too much eye contact or if you stare too hard at other people, they will feel uncomfortable.

• Staring too directly at another person can be intimidating.• You need to learn a good balance between making eye contact

and looking away.• Some people feel very uncomfortable looking directly into

another person’s eyes.• Glance away from the other person for very brief seconds at a

time,but always bring your attention back to your converation partner’s face.

• It is also important to know that most people don’t want to be stared at intensly during a conversation.

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INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EYE CONTACT

• While you are speaking to another person,keep listening to what the other person is saying,and show your interest in them by looking at their face the majority of time.

• Don’t keep glancing around the room too much,or look at other people too often,keep looking at the person you are with.

• If you look around too much means you are bored with them and can’t wait to get away.

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• Smile more often,and keep nodding at the other.• Let your facial muscles be relaxed so that you are not

smiling nervously.• Let your facial expression change as the conversation

changes.• Look at what you find genuinely interesting about the

other person and their opinions.• Making good eye contact while you are making

conversation is a very important way you can show other people that you value them and enjoy their company.

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EYES ARE SO TRANSPARANT THAT THROUGH

THEM ONE SEES THE SOUL

Page 25: Body language

USE OF EYE CONTACT

• The different purposes of eye contact are

1.Showing attention. 2.Showing interest. 3.Inviting interaction. 4.Providing feedback. 5.Revealing attitudes.

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FACIAL EXPRESSION

1.Expression implies a revelation about the characteristics of a person a message about something internal to the expresser.

2.In the context of the face and nonverbal communication,expression usually implies a change of a vision pattern over time.So too the face can express relatively static characteristics.

3.The concept of facial expressions,thus,include:

Page 27: Body language

• A characteristic of a person that is represented,i.e the signified;

• A visual configuration that represents this characteristics,i.e the signifier;

• The physical basis of this appearance,or sign vehicle eg:the skin,muscle movements,fat,wrinkles,etc

• Typically,some person or other perceiver that perceives and interprets the signs.

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• Facial expression of emotion is similar among human beings regardless of age,culture,religion or region.

• Facial expression is universal.• Smile is the essential ingredient of a facial

expression.Smile sends positive message,smile adds wamth and aura of confidence.

• Others will be more receptive if you remember to smile.

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USES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

• Facial expression can be used to express the following emotions and feelings.

1.Showing happiness2.Sadness3.Displeasure4.Anger5.Fear6.Interest/disinterest

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HEAD MOVEMENTS

• The position of your head speaks to people.When you find two people talking,you find besides the mouths and faces,the heads talking.

• Head movements are significant not only in talking but also in listening.

• If the head movements are not used carefully and appropriately,it can adversely affect the relationship.

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USE OF HEAD MOVEMENTS

• Head movements are used for variety of purposes.

1.Indicating attitude2.Replacing speech3.Supporting what is said4.Contradicting what is said5.Indicating the direction I which one has to

travel

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6.Expressing doubt7.Expressing reluctance8.Recognizing someone9.Expressing arrogance10.Expressing feeling of superiority11.Expressing easy going and casual approach.

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HEAD MOVEMENTS AND GENDER

• Male and female use head movements differently

• Male nod their head more than women• Women lower their head more than men

signailing a submissive gesture• Men tilt their heads forward in a greeting

more than women.

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BASIC HEAD POSITIONS

• Head up position:indicates positive or neutral attitudes about what he/she is hearing,ocassionally nodding

• Tilted position:indicates that the person hearing has developed interest in what the speaker says

• Head down position:indicates negative or judgemental attitude about what she/he is hearing

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GESTURES AND BODY MOVEMENTS

• Gestures communicate as effectively as words-may be even more effectively.

• We use gestures every day,almost instinctively.• But no two people will use similar gestures.• This is simply because gestures are

spontaneous.

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• To be absolutely safe and sure in the world of gestures,the best piece of advice is to “ask” and be “aware”.

• Body language is extremely important,particularly in non-literature or semi-literature societies in which commitment is made through ritual gestures,formal spoken words and symbolic objects.

• Gestures mean making expressive movements with hands and arms.

• Real mastery over body language can be developed only when we learn to use gestures appropriately.

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USE OF GESTURES

• Gestures can be used to express the following feelings such as

1.Openesses2.Defensiveness3.Readiness4.Reassurance5.Frustration6.Confidence

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7.Nervousness

8.Acceptance 9.Expectance 10.Relationship 11.Suspicion

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GESTURES HAVING UNIVERSAL MEANING

• Clapping as a sign of approval• Raising ones hand to gain attention• Shaking the fists to show anger• Yawning out of boredom• Patting o the back to encourage• Rubbing the stomach indicating hunger• Rubbing the palms together in anticipation

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GESTURES AND PERSONALITY

• Gestures can help us make an assessment about the kind of personality an individual has.

• Authoritarian personalities tend to use less bodily movement than democratic type personalities.

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POSTURE AND STANCE

• Posture refers to a position or way in which a person stands,walks etc

• Stance refers to the manner in which a person stands,walks etc

Page 42: Body language

KINDS OF POSTURES

1.Standing walking, stroll,rome,slurr,limp,stagger2.Sitting squat, slouch, hunch,crouch,sprawl,perch recline, supine, prone, slump, foetal

position, slump slouch, forced upright, poised relaxed.

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3.Lying down sleep,relax,comfort,complete streach,4.Arm,Elbow nudge,smake,dodge,straddle,tapping,5.Hand and fingers: thumb,index,middle,ring,baby or pinky.2500 years old Aristophanes wrote a play named

“THE CLOUDS” which is first played in 423 BC.Romans called this as “DIGITUS IMPUDICUS”

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• Thumbs up and down: success and defeat.• Dog call: curl index back.(philipines)• Clenched fist: interpreted as a sign of aggression or anger.• Finger snap: two meanings,offensive,rying to remember

what is forgotten.• Ok: forming a circle with the thumb and index

finger,other pointing upward.EUROPE: its zeroBRAZIL,GERMANY AND CERTAIN MEDITERIANS IT MEANS

VOLGUR************.

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• The ‘V’ sign: victory in AmericaInsult in GREAT BRITAN,AUSTRALIA,IRELAND,NEW

ZEALAND. THE CORNA: index and the pink finger pointed up

with the two middle fingers and thumb curled under---satanic connotation----symbolic orns of devils.

THE I LOVE U SIGN: thumb,index and pink finger out.ITALY this is a curse.

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PROXIMITY AND SOCIAL DISTANCE

• We like to keep our distance from others and there are specific social rules about how close we can go to others in particular situations.

• This social distance is also known as BODY SPACE and COMFORT ZONE and the use of this space is called proxemics.

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WHY THE DISTANCE

• Regulating the distance between us and other people provides us with several benefits,including

SAFETY: when people are distant,they can’t surprise attack us.

COMMUNICATION: when people are closer it is easier to communicate with them.

AFFECTION:when they are closer still,we can be intimate.

THREAT:the reverse can be used-you may deliberately threaten a person by invading their body space.

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FOUR TERRITORY ZONES

• INTIMATE ZONE: This is the zone in which people are actually touching or able to touch each other. The distance is (0.5m) approximately one and half feet.

Ex: Romance of all kinds happen in this space. Entering the intimate zone of somebody else can be very threatening.

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• PERSONAL ZONE: This is the zone where people are able to shake hands or at arm’s length from each other. The distance is(1-2m) approximately one and half to four feet.

EX: The conversation gets more direct and this is a good distance for two people who are talking in earnest about something.

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• SOCIAL ZONE:This is the zone where people are at a audible distance.The distance is(2-3m) approximately four to ten feet.This is the zone used in every day’s business activities.

EX:feeling a connection with other people.When they are closer,then we can talk with them without having to shout,but still keep them at a safe distance.

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• PUBLIC ZONE:This is the zone where people are at a seeable distance.The distance is (3m) approximately over ten feet.

• The public zone is generally over 12 feet.• People will try to keep at least 12 feet

between other people who are walking in front.

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UNIVERSAL TRUTHS

• People behave differently while lying down than when standing up.

• People lying down tend to remember more than when standing up.

• People lying down are more imaginative than when standing up.• People standing make faster decision than in sitting or lying

position.• If your body language dosen’t match your words you are

wasting your time.• You may not be aware of what you are saying with your body,

but others will get the message.

Page 53: Body language

HAND SHAKE

1.Many societies in the modern times are ‘touch-starved’. It is socially unacceptable to touch.There is an unwritten rule that says,

“the less you know someone, the further away u must be.”

2.Touch deprivation is in itself harmful. It leads to sleeplessness, violance, depression, sexual aberration, crimes and so on……

Page 54: Body language

• Touch is much more than a physical interaction. It has to do with the acknowledgement of our shared humanness. It is intense wish for contact and communion that is present in each of us.

• Handshake has an immediate effect on the outcome of an encounter with other person. Pay attention to where your hands are. Never keep your hands in the pockets.

• Having your hands anywhere above the neck is considered unprofessional.

Page 55: Body language

16 DIFFERENT BODY LANGUAGE

• Aggressive BL: which shows that the person can be a physical danger to any one if disturbed.