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BLUETOOTH BASED BLUETOOTH BASED SMART SENSOR SMART SENSOR NETWORKS NETWORKS
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Page 1: BLUETOOTH Ppt Deepak

BLUETOOTH BLUETOOTH BASED SMART BASED SMART

SENSOR SENSOR NETWORKSNETWORKS

Page 2: BLUETOOTH Ppt Deepak

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Bluetooth is wireless high speed data transfer technology over Bluetooth is wireless high speed data transfer technology over

a short range (10 - 100 meters).a short range (10 - 100 meters).

It is devoloped in 1994 at sweden.It is devoloped in 1994 at sweden.

Purpose Purpose – Originally it was build to eliminate the need for – Originally it was build to eliminate the need for cable connections between PDAs and notebook PCs.cable connections between PDAs and notebook PCs.Later the goals were to enable different devices through a Later the goals were to enable different devices through a commonly accepted standard for wireless connectivity.commonly accepted standard for wireless connectivity.

Page 3: BLUETOOTH Ppt Deepak

BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATIONSBLUETOOTH SPECIFICATIONS

Bluetooth Specifications are:Bluetooth Specifications are: Developed by: Developed by: Jaap HaarstenJaap Haarsten and and Sven MattissonSven Mattisson in Sweden in Sweden Standard: IEEE 802.15Standard: IEEE 802.15 ISM Band Frequency: 2.4 GHzISM Band Frequency: 2.4 GHz Range: 10 – 100 metersRange: 10 – 100 meters Channel Bandwidth: 1 MbpsChannel Bandwidth: 1 Mbps Maximum Asymmetric Data Transfer Rate: 721 KbpsMaximum Asymmetric Data Transfer Rate: 721 Kbps

Page 4: BLUETOOTH Ppt Deepak

Figure: BLUETOOTH MODELLED HARDWARE ARCHITECTUREFigure: BLUETOOTH MODELLED HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE

Page 5: BLUETOOTH Ppt Deepak

BLUETOOTH OPERATIONSBLUETOOTH OPERATIONS

Figure :BWT-enabled devices hop between frequencies up to 1600 times per second.

BWT-enabled devices operate in 2.4GHz ISM Band BWT-enabled devices operate in 2.4GHz ISM Band (Industrial, Science, Medical band).(Industrial, Science, Medical band).

It uses 79 1-MHz frequencies in the ISM Band.It uses 79 1-MHz frequencies in the ISM Band.

Technique used – Technique used – frequency hopping, frequency hopping, to minimize interference to minimize interference from other networks that also use ISM Band.from other networks that also use ISM Band.

Page 6: BLUETOOTH Ppt Deepak

Bluetooth Operations (contd.)Bluetooth Operations (contd.)

HOW TO REDUCE INTERFERENCE?HOW TO REDUCE INTERFERENCE? BWT devices hop randomly between frequencies up to 1600 BWT devices hop randomly between frequencies up to 1600

times per second.times per second.

So, if another device using a 2.4 GHz frequency (e.g.: cordless So, if another device using a 2.4 GHz frequency (e.g.: cordless phone) ,then the interference with the BWT network lasts only phone) ,then the interference with the BWT network lasts only for about 1/1600 of a second.for about 1/1600 of a second.

By then, the devices hop to another frequency.By then, the devices hop to another frequency.

High Immunity to interference from other 2.4 GHz devices.High Immunity to interference from other 2.4 GHz devices.

Page 7: BLUETOOTH Ppt Deepak

BLUETOOTH TOPOLOGYBLUETOOTH TOPOLOGY

Depending on the type of connections established between Depending on the type of connections established between various Bluetooth devices, 2 main topologies are as:various Bluetooth devices, 2 main topologies are as:

1.1. PICONET TOPOLOGY, andPICONET TOPOLOGY, and2.2. SCATTERNET TOPOLOGYSCATTERNET TOPOLOGY

To any topology, there are 2 prime components:To any topology, there are 2 prime components:1.1. MASTER deviceMASTER device2.2. SLAVE device SLAVE device

Page 8: BLUETOOTH Ppt Deepak

1. PICONET TOPOLOGY1. PICONET TOPOLOGY A A piconetpiconet consists of upto 8 BWT-enabled devices. consists of upto 8 BWT-enabled devices.

When When piconetpiconet is established, one device sets up is established, one device sets up frequency-frequency-hopping patternhopping pattern and other devices synchronize their signals to and other devices synchronize their signals to the same pattern.the same pattern.

Primary DevicesPrimary Devices: Those devices which sets the frequency- : Those devices which sets the frequency- hopping pattern.hopping pattern.

Secondary DevicesSecondary Devices: Those devices which get synchronized.: Those devices which get synchronized.

Each Each piconetpiconet has a different frequency-hopping pattern. has a different frequency-hopping pattern.

Page 9: BLUETOOTH Ppt Deepak

PICONET TOPOLOGY (contd.)PICONET TOPOLOGY (contd.) In Bluetooth, each In Bluetooth, each piconetpiconet has 1 Master for establishment of has 1 Master for establishment of

piconetpiconet, and upto 7 Slave devices., and upto 7 Slave devices. Master’s Bluetooth address is used for defining frequency-Master’s Bluetooth address is used for defining frequency-

hopping sequence.hopping sequence. Slave devices use master clock to synchronize their clocks so Slave devices use master clock to synchronize their clocks so

as to hop simultaneously.as to hop simultaneously. For establishing For establishing piconetpiconet, other bluetooth devices in range are , other bluetooth devices in range are

discovered by an inquiry procedure. discovered by an inquiry procedure.

Page 10: BLUETOOTH Ppt Deepak

Piconet Topology (Modes of Bluetooth Piconet Topology (Modes of Bluetooth Communication)Communication)

When more than 7 devices need to communicate, then one or When more than 7 devices need to communicate, then one or more devices are put in more devices are put in parkpark state. state.

3 Bluetooth Low Power Modes are: 3 Bluetooth Low Power Modes are: SNIFF, HOLD SNIFF, HOLD and and PARK.PARK. Park Mode: A devices disassociates from Park Mode: A devices disassociates from piconetpiconet when in park when in park

mode.mode. The master consistently sends warnings to invite a slave to The master consistently sends warnings to invite a slave to

rejoin the rejoin the piconet.piconet. The slaves can rejoin only if there a less than 7 slaves.The slaves can rejoin only if there a less than 7 slaves. If not so, the master has to ‘park’ one of the active slaves.If not so, the master has to ‘park’ one of the active slaves.

Page 11: BLUETOOTH Ppt Deepak

2. SCATTERNET TOPOLOGY2. SCATTERNET TOPOLOGY

ScatternetScatternet consists of several consists of several piconets piconets connected by devices connected by devices participating in multiple participating in multiple piconet.piconet.

Here, devices can be slaves in all Here, devices can be slaves in all piconetspiconets or master in one or master in one piconetpiconet and slave in other and slave in other piconets.piconets.

There is a ‘BRIDGE’ connecting 2 There is a ‘BRIDGE’ connecting 2 piconetspiconets which is also a which is also a slave in individual slave in individual piconets.piconets.

Page 12: BLUETOOTH Ppt Deepak

SCATTERNET TOPOLOGY (contd.)SCATTERNET TOPOLOGY (contd.)

Advantages of Advantages of ScatternetScatternet:: Higher throughputHigher throughput Multi-hop connections between devices in different Multi-hop connections between devices in different piconets.piconets.

Page 13: BLUETOOTH Ppt Deepak

BWT SECURITYBWT SECURITYBWT security is complex, transparent, and easily implemented.BWT security is complex, transparent, and easily implemented.3 levels (modes) security are:3 levels (modes) security are: MODE 1MODE 1: : No SecurityNo Security; ; anyone can use the device; default setting condition in anyone can use the device; default setting condition in

printers, etc.printers, etc. MODE 2MODE 2: : Service Level SecurityService Level Security;; permission required to access the device; exchange of permission required to access the device; exchange of

business cards; personal authentication.business cards; personal authentication. MODE 3MODE 3: : Link Level SecurityLink Level Security;;

devices to be paired before connection and transfer.devices to be paired before connection and transfer.

Page 14: BLUETOOTH Ppt Deepak

BLUETOOH BASED SENSOR BLUETOOH BASED SENSOR NETWORKSNETWORKS

ChallengeChallenge: It is to ensure interoperability among various Bluetooth : It is to ensure interoperability among various Bluetooth manufactures’ devices and to provide numerous applications.manufactures’ devices and to provide numerous applications.

One such application isOne such application is : WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS : WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS (WSN)(WSN)

Important features of WSNImportant features of WSN: : Collaboration of network nodes Collaboration of network nodes during executionduring execution and and Data Centric nature.Data Centric nature.

Many smart sensor nodes scattered in the field collect data and Many smart sensor nodes scattered in the field collect data and send it to users via ‘gateway’ using send it to users via ‘gateway’ using multi-hop routes.multi-hop routes.

Page 15: BLUETOOTH Ppt Deepak

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS (WSN)(WSN)

WSN consists of number of small devices equipped with a WSN consists of number of small devices equipped with a sensing unit, microprocessors, wireless communication sensing unit, microprocessors, wireless communication interface interface and and power source.power source.

Two main operations performed by WSN are:Two main operations performed by WSN are:1.1. QUERINGQUERING – Queries are used when user requires only the – Queries are used when user requires only the

current value of the observation.current value of the observation.2.2. TASKINGTASKING – More Complex operation Used when a – More Complex operation Used when a

phenomenon has to be observed over a large period of time.phenomenon has to be observed over a large period of time.

Page 16: BLUETOOTH Ppt Deepak

WSN (contd.)WSN (contd.)

Figure: Wireless Sensor Network

Functions of GATEWAYFunctions of GATEWAY:: Communication with sensor networksCommunication with sensor networks: : Shortage Wireless Shortage Wireless

Communication ; Communication ; Discovery of smart sensor nodesDiscovery of smart sensor nodes

Gateway LogicGateway Logic: : Controlling Gateway interface and data Controlling Gateway interface and data flow ; Providing uniform access to sensors flow ; Providing uniform access to sensors

Communication with usersCommunication with users: : Communication over Internet, Communication over Internet, WAN, Satellite, etc.WAN, Satellite, etc.

Page 17: BLUETOOTH Ppt Deepak

SENSOR NETWORK SENSOR NETWORK IMPLEMENTATIONIMPLEMENTATION

Components of Sensor Network:Components of Sensor Network: Smart Sensor Nodes Smart Sensor Nodes and and GatewayGateway

Gateway and Smart nodes are members of Gateway and Smart nodes are members of piconets piconets and so, not and so, not more than 7 nodes can exist in the network.more than 7 nodes can exist in the network.

Page 18: BLUETOOTH Ppt Deepak

DISCOVERY OF SMART SENSOR DISCOVERY OF SMART SENSOR NODESNODES

After installation, the primary step during execution is to After installation, the primary step during execution is to discover the smart sensor nodes in the area.discover the smart sensor nodes in the area.

Gateway is to prepare a list of sensor’s characteristics and Gateway is to prepare a list of sensor’s characteristics and network topology. network topology.

Provision is to have addition of new or removal of existing Provision is to have addition of new or removal of existing sensors.sensors.

Page 19: BLUETOOTH Ppt Deepak

MERITS and DEMERITSMERITS and DEMERITSMERITS of Bluetooth based Smart Sensor Networks:MERITS of Bluetooth based Smart Sensor Networks: Low CostLow Cost Low Power ConsumptionLow Power Consumption Wireless TechnologyWireless Technology High Security High Security Low maintenance costLow maintenance cost Easy link establishmentEasy link establishment

DEMERITS of Bluetooth based Smart Sensor Networks:DEMERITS of Bluetooth based Smart Sensor Networks: Short Range (10 – 100 m)Short Range (10 – 100 m) Average SpeedAverage Speed Short Life Short Life

Page 20: BLUETOOTH Ppt Deepak

THANK YOUTHANK YOU