WELCOME Blue Tongue in Sheep and Goats (Sore Muzzle, Pseudo Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Muzzle Disease) Nirmal Kumar
WELCOMEBlue Tongue in Sheep and Goats
(Sore Muzzle, Pseudo Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Muzzle Disease)
Nirmal Kumar
Blue Tongue• Bluetongue (BTV) is an insect borne
viral disease of domestic and wildruminants, especially sheep.
• The name refers to the bluediscoloration of the tongue andmucous membranes, due tocyanosis, which is sometimes seenin cases of the disease.
• BTV is classified as an OIE list Adisease and is therefore notifiable.
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• Morbidity ~100% ; Mortality - 0 to 50%
• BT was first reported in India in 1961 in the state of Maharashtra.Since then, the disease has been recorded in 11 states in India.
• BT is endemic in many parts of India and its outbreak in Tamil Naduduring the monsoon season of 1997-98 caused the death of 300 000sheep and goats.
Epidemiology
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• Biting midges
– Genus Culicoides (Principal vector)
• Ticks, sheep kids
• In utero
• Mechanical
Animal Transmission
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• Incubation period: 5-20 days– Fever, depression,
salivation
– Facial swelling, dyspnea, panting, nasal discharge
– Hyperemia of muzzle, lips, ears
– Pregnancy: Reabsorption, abortion, “dummy” lambs
Clinical Signs: General
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• Oral erosions and ulcerations
• Tongue– Swollen, protuding– Cyanotic
= “blue-tongue”• Feet
– Sore hooves, lameness
– Coronitis
Clinical Signs: Specific
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• Salivation
• Nasal discharge
• Facial swelling
Clinical Signs of Sheep: Face & Mouth
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• Coronitis– Inflammation of
coronary band
• Lameness– Painful hooves
Clinical Signs of Sheep: Feet
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• No specific treatment
• Supportive therapy
– Protection from the elements
– Fluids and electrolytes given
– Antibiotics for prevention of secondary infection
• Control of vectors by insecticide
– Reduce transmission
– Protect susceptible animals
Treatment
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• Quarantine and movement controls– Prevent spread of virus
• Animals confined indoors (i.e., barn)– When vectors are active
• Disinfection– Does not stop virus transmission– Cleaning the premises
• Sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
• 3% Sodium hydroxide (lye)
• Insect control• Vaccination• Notification to authorities.
Prevention and Control
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Resources• World Organization for Animal Health
(OIE)– www.oie.int
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)– www.fao.org
• USDA-APHIS website– www.aphis.usda.gov
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Acknowledgments
• Dr.T. Bhuvaneswari• Dr.Manoj Kumar• Mr.Nirmal• Dr. Sandhya Shenoy• Dr.V.K.J. RAO• Course Coordinators
DR. G. P. ReddyDR. B. Sontaki
• Director, NAARM
Nirmal Kumar