blu-ray- PPS

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Blu-Ray Disks

Submitted to

Mr Bipin Kumar Tripathi

Mrs Vandana Dixit Kaushik

Submitted By

Prateek Pratap Singh (Final CSE)

0804510041

HBTI Kanpur

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INDEX Introduction History & Evolution

Features

Working Implementation

Future & Commercial Market

Conclusion References

Blu_Ray Disks

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INTRODUCTION

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Blu-ray disc (BD) is appropriately named after the blue laser used towrite the data

A Blu-ray Disc (also known as BD or Blu-Ray) is anoptical disc storage medium designed to supersede thestandard DVD format.

The disc has the same physical dimensions as standardDVDs and CDs

Takes up about five times more bandwidth and thereforerequires a disc with about five times more storage.

Blu-ray is the next-generation digital video disc. It canrecord, store and play back high-definition video and digital

audio, as well as computer data. The advantage to Blu-rayis the sheer amount of information it can hold.

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INTRODUCTION(contd)

A single-layer Blu-ray disc, which is roughly thesame size as a DVD, can hold up to 25GB of data --that's more than two hours of high-definition video orabout 13 hours of standard video.

A double-layer Blu-ray disc can store up to 50 GB,enough to hold about 4.5 hours of high-definitionvideo or more than 20 hours of standard video.

Users will be able to connect to the Internet andinstantly download subtitles and other interactivemovie features.

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HISTORY 1st GENERATION:

Compact disc (CD): --- 650/700 MB

It is with us for over 20 years. Wavelength of laser which reads data: 780 nm

Color of laser: Red

2nd GENERATION:

Digital versatile disc (DVD): --- 4.7 GB

It offers high quality sound and video than CD. Wavelength of laser which reads data: 650 nm

Color of laser: Red

3rd GENERATION:

Blue-ray disc (BD): --- 25/50 GB

1. Developed by blue-ray disc association (which includes Apple, Hitachi,HP, LG, Panasonic, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony)

2. Wavelength of laser which reads data:405 nm

3. Color of laser:Blue-violet which was developed by

SHUJI NAKAMURA

at NICHIA CORPORATION

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FEATURES

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Record high-definition television (HDTV) without any quality

loss

Instantly skip to any spot on the disk

Record one program while watching another on the disc

Create playlists

Edit or reorder programs recorded on the disc

Automatically search for an empty space on the disc to avoid

recording over a program

Access the Web to download subtitles and other extra features

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Working

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Discs store digitally encoded video and audio information in pits -- spiral

grooves that run from the center of the disc to its edges.

A laser reads the other side of these pits -- the bumps -- to play the movie orprogram that is stored on the DVD.

The more data that is contained on a disc, the smaller and more closely packed

the pits must be.

The smaller the pits , the more precise the reading laser must be.

Unlike current DVDs, Blu-ray uses a blue laser . A blue laser has a shorter

wavelength (405 nanometers) than a red laser (650 nanometers).

The smaller beam focuses more precisely, enabling it to read information

recorded in pits that are only 0.15 microns (m) this is more than twice as

small as the pits on a DVD.

Blu-ray has reduced the track pitch from 0.74 microns to 0.32 microns. The

smaller pits, smaller beam and shorter track pitch together enable a single-

layer Blu-ray disc to hold more than 25 GB of information

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THE TECHNOLOGY

Pits : spiral grooves that runfrom the centre of the disc toits edges

Bumps : other sides of these

edges.Track pitch : it is the

distance between the twotracks (of pits) on the surface.

-----------------------------

Disc store digitally encoded datain PITS.

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So, in blu-ray disc:Pit size 0.15 microns (

more than twice as small

as the pits on DVD )

Track-pitch is : 0.32 micronsLaser needed : blue-violet

laser (405 nm)

Data transfer rate : 36 Mbps

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Each Blu-ray disc is about the same thickness (1.2

millimeters) as a DVD. But the two types of discs store datadifferently

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How its Made

The Blu-ray disc overcomes DVD-reading issues by placing the data on top of a 1.1-

mm-thick polycarbonate layer. Having the data on top prevents birefringence and

therefore prevents readability problems. And, with the recording layer sitting closer

to the objective lens of the reading mechanism, the problem of disc tilt is virtually

eliminated. Because the data is closer to the surface, a hard coating is placed on the

outside of the disc to protect it from scratches and fingerprints.

The design of the Blu-ray discs saves on

manufacturing costs. Traditional DVDsare built by injection molding the two

0.6-mm discs between which the

recording layer is sandwiched. The

process must be done very carefully to

prevent birefringence.

The two discs are molded.The recording layer is added to one of the

discs.

The two discs are glued together.

Blu-ray discs only do the injection-molding

process on a single 1.1-mm disc, which

reduces cost.

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Higher densityenables better dataseek times

Shorter to travelfor same amountof data results infaster data seek

Better for randomaccess of data

BLU-RAY DISKS DENSITY ADVANTAGE

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CODING FOR BD OPTICALRECORDING

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Blu-ray Disc uses a "blue" (technically violet) laser, operating at a

wavelength of 405 nm, to read and write data. The diodes are InGaN (IndiumGallium Nitride) lasers that produce 405 nm photons directly, that is, without

frequency doubling or other nonlinear optical mechanisms. Conventional DVDs

and CDs use red and near-infrared lasers, at 650 nm and 780 nm, respectively.

LASER AND OPTICS

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Software standardsCodecs

The BD-ROM specification mandates certain codec compatibilities

for both hardware decoders (players) and movie software.

Video

For video, all players are required to support MPEG-2 Part 2,

H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, and SMPTEVC-1.MPEG-2 is the codec used

Audio

For audio, BD-ROM players are required to support Dolby Digital

(AC-3), DTS, and linear PCM.

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Although the Blu-ray Disc specification has been finalized, engineers continue

to work on advancing the technology. Quad-layer (100 GB) discs have beendemonstrated on a drive with modified optics

JVC has developed a three-layer technology that allows putting both

standard-definition DVD data and HD data on a BD/(standard) DVD

combination. If successfully commercialized, this would enable the consumer to

purchase a disc that can be played on current DVD players

In December 2008, Pioneer Corporation unveiled a 400 GB (containing 16

data layers, 25 GB each) and a 500 GB (containing 20 layers) Blu-ray Disc that

will be compatible with current players after a firmware update. Its planned

launch is in the 200910 time frame for ROM and 201013 for rewritable discs.

Ongoing development is under way to create a 1 TB (1,000GB) Blu-ray Disc as

soon as 2013.

Ongoing development

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Future

Expect the BD to become more prevalent once the HDTV market

establishes its presence.

Audio and video will reach higher qualities with larger storage space.

Look for BD with more than two layers as the technology is further

refined.

Sony has made the Disc with size 200GB already.

Pioneer announced on August 5, 2008 , that they have got success

in making BD with

increased Disc Size

of 500GB.

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CONCLUSIONS

More capacity, Density andPerformance

More Industry Support/Consumer

Reach (BDA has 140+ members)More Durable

More Interactive User Experience

More Flexible Content Protection:AAC, BD+ Renewability Technologyand ROM Mark

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REFERENCES

http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/254136 http://www.blu-ray.com/news/?id=1616, http://www.docstoc.com/docs/424938/White-paper-General-Blu-ray-Disc-

Format http://allfreedownloadlinks.com/free-softwares/free-multimedia-

software/blu-ray- to-dvd-pro-v120/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc# Technical_specifications http://www.thefreelibrary.com/_/search/Search.aspx?

SearchBy=0&Word=blu+ray+disc&By=0 http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/blu-ray2.htm