Bioenergy: Key tool for Sustainable Society (Korean Experiences)

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Title Bioenergy : Key tool for Sustainable Society (Korean Experiences)

Author(s) Lee, Jin-Suk

Issue Date 2013-11-05

Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/54001

Type conference presentation

Note 環境・エネルギー国際シンポジウム : 持続可能な未来へ　低炭素社会と再生可能エネルギー.2013年11月5日(火). 北海道大学学術交流会館講堂. 札幌.

File Information 02_Sustainable-energy-symposium-Sapporo-Dr.-Lee）.pdf

Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP

Bioenergy: Key tool for Sustainable Society

(Korean Experiences)

2013. 11. 5.

Jin-Suk Lee

Agenda

I. Introduction

II. Bioenergy Experiences in Korea

- Biogas

- Biodiesel

- Wood Pellets

III. Other Issues

IV. Summary

I. Introduction

Advantages of Bioenergy (Y. Matsumura, 2008)

- Sustainable Energy - CO2 neutral

OECD Primary Energy Demand (IEA, WEO 2012)

II. Bioenergy Experiences in Korea

Energy Situation in Korea (MKE, 2008)

Coa 27.4%

LNG 14.8%

Nuclear 13.5%

Oil 41.6%

Other 2.2% Hydro

0.5%

KIER_ 巴弓011叶羽コ|畠包平包田園圃 KOREAINSTITUTE OF ENERGY RESEARCH

Optimum Energy Mix

1. Optimum energy mix

(consideration factors)

Environmental factor

Economic factor

Coal

Petroleum

LNG

Nuclear

Renewable

Economic & Environmental

596

109 393

174

811

0.8 1.1

0.6 0.0 0.2

Coal Petr- oleum

Renew- able

LNG Nuclear Coal Petr- oleum

Renew- able

Nuclear LNG

$ / TOE $ / TOE $ / TOE

Carbon Ton / TOE

Consideration factors: Economy and Environment

Key Barriers for Realization of Sustainable Society in Korea

• Climate Change

• Energy (Oil) Crisis

• Rural Development

Bio-Energy

Targets for Renewable Energy (National Energy Roadmap, 2008)

x 5.1

Renewable energy : 6.24 x 106 TOE ------------ 31.63 x 106 TOE

x 14.8 Bioenergy : 0.68 x 106 TOE ------------ 10.16 x 106 TOE

Targets for Bioenergy (National Energy Roadmap, 2008)

Transport Biofuels

Bio-Heat

Bio-Power

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

2008 2010 2015 2020 2030

X10

3 t

oe

Possible Supply with available biomass

2994

Target for bioenergy supply in 2030

Priority for Bioenergy in Korea

• Utilization of Organic Wastes (Biogas, Waste fats)

• Transport Biofuels

• Unutilized Resources (Agricultural and Forest Residues)

Current Status of Bioenergy Supply (KEMCO, 2009)

ー+ーBioaas.......LFG (Power) 戸長 LFG(Heat}

ー+ーBiiodiesellー~Sol jd Biofuel

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

凶

O」F

円。FM

2008

KIER_ 巴弓011Lll:Jコ|畠包平包田園圃 KOREAINSTITUTE OF EN印GYRESEARCH

2007 2006 2005

。

Challenges for Bioenergy Supply

• High cost of bioenergy

• Limited biomass resources in Korea

• Low stakeholder-group acceptance of transport biofuels

Feed-in tariffs for Biopower

Maximum Capacity Capacity

Compensation rates, $/kWh Remarks

Minimum Baseline Compensation

Feed-in Tariffs

Fossil fuel lower than 30%

LFG

≤ 50MW

20MW ≤ 0.052 SMP+0.004

≤ 20MW 0.058 SMP+0.008

Biogas 150kW ≤ 0.056 SMP+ 0.008

≤ 150kW 0.066 SMP+0.011

Biopower Wood 0.053 SMP+0.004

• Korean food waste takes about 30% of total organic wastes (6.6million ton/year). The water content of food waste is about 90%. Because of the characteristics, it is difficult to treat the waste by conventional technologies like land filling or incineration.

• KIER developed a two-phase anaerobic digestion process in which acidic fermentation and methane formation were done in separate reactors. The technology was found to be quite effective for the treatment of Korean food waste.

• After a series of test runs, the technology was commercialized. Two full scale commercial plants have been constructed to treat food waste and produce methane. The research for the electricity generation using methane was finished in 2008.

Biogas from Food Wastes

Two-phase Anaerobic Digestion

中間て

「ILeachatヨ

骨肉ter I

~Compost I ~唾圃e:.4‘圃 唾

Aerobic disestion

令(盟国ぶ℃負]QJ...

し+ lii?足以iinSOlid/liquid Separator

Maturing

d fZEntera

Anaerobic disestion

Heat I

4 噌圃 4唾ーSolid Waste

Generation

Gas reservior Landfilll

Incineration Acidic

Fermentor

Maturing

4・Compost. ....唾-b 4唾・ 4唾・ 4J:ト暦r亡IRec笠!.5!water.，.・旦笠坦!ge.砂"Solid/Uquid'

Separator

灯r=r'E弓011叶工{コ|畠包平包園田町 民OREAINSTITUTE OF ENERGY RESEARCH

Paju Biogas Plant (110 tons/day) - 1996 : 30 (tons/day) food waste - 2004 : 50/60 (tons/day) food waste/ manure

- 4,800 m3/day

- 600kW E.G.

LFG Power Generation in Busan

- Busan Sangkog Landfill

- Capacity : 6MW

Biogas from Waste Manure (Demo)

- Location : Mojun, Kyunggido, Korea - Swine manure : 20 tons/day - Process : 2 stage UASB treatment after solid removal - Biogas : 250m3/day max. (30kW micro-gas engine) - Fund : $1 mil.

Transport Biofuels from Waste

<CHP>

<Transport Biofuel>

Food waste, Cattle

manure, Sludge

Anaerobic Digestion Energy Use Organic

wastes

Biogas CO2

<Cattle Manure>

<Co-digestion>

Began in 2002 as demonstration project.

Biodiesel is used 1.5% in 2009, and 3.0% in 2012 of total diesel consumption.

- 0.5% increases in each year

BD5 is commercialized in Korea in 2006, marked as the first country in Asia.

BD20 is limited on the vehicles enabling to repair in their own facilities due

to the technological problems.

Long Term 5.0% Mix Target

Tax Incentives

Feedstock Infrastructure

Quality & Technology

0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0%

Exemption Support

Demo Plantation of Rapeseed

Feasibility Study of

Multi- feedstock

0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0%

Tax Exemption

Standard Reinforcement

The development of low-cost high-efficient biodiesel production technology

Review of Dissemination

2013 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

- 10 -

Tax Exemption on Biodiesel

BD5 is subject to diesel fuel specification, and supplied only by refiners. Bus and truck company can use BD20 with their own accord.

Biodiesel Distribution in Korea

BD100 BD5 BD5

BD20 1)

Biodiesel Suppliers (21 companies in 2009)

* 900,000kL/yr

Refiners (4 refiners )

Gas Station Customer

Bus, truck and construction equipment operators who are equipped with ‘certified storage tank’ and ‘self-repair shop’

1) 10% during winter season(11/1~3/13)

Feedstocks for Biodiesel in Korea (Korea Bioenergy Association, 2013)

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

wco

Palm oil

Soybean oil

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

KIER_ 巴弓011Lll:Jコ|畠包平包田園圃 KOREAINSTITUTE OF EN印GYRESEARCH

Solid Biomass Utilization in Korea ー、ζγ 、、

一、一 一、一一、一 一、一一、一 一、一、一 一、、一 一、‘一一、一 一、一 一、一一、一 一、一 一、一一、一 一、一 一‘一一、一 一、一 一、一一、- 一、一 一、一一、一 一一 一~ 一 、 一 、ー、~‘也‘、司、

ー』一、‘

KIER_ 巴弓011Lll:Jコ|畠包平包田園圃 KOREAINSTITUTE OF EN印GYRESEARCH

Demand for wood pellets in Korea

Institutional 40/0

Greenhou 670/0

Residentia 290/0

2012 7 .5x105 tons

Generation 570/0

170/0

Greenhou 260/0

2020 SOxl05 t10ns

KIER_ 巴弓011Lll:Jコ|畠包平包田園圃 KOREAINSTITUTE OF EN印GYRESEARCH

Strategy for Securing Stable Supply of Feedstocks

Utilization of Available Biomass

(Organic wastes, Agricultural/Forest residues)

Identification and New Biomass

(Aquatic biomass, Energy crops

Utilization of Foreign Biomass

(Plantation residues)

Stable Supply of Feedstocks for Transport biofuels

Sunmang Halla

Demonstration Cultivation of Rapessed (RDA Bioenergy Center, 2008)

III. Other Issues

Issues for RE Implementation

• Map of RE sources

• Financial deficit

Map of Renewable Energy Resources (New & Renewable Energy Data Center, http://www.kredc.net/)

RE Potential, x 106

Solar Thermal 22,054 Gcal/yr

PV 2560 GW/yr

Biomass 12.6 Gcal/yr

Geothermal 11.4 kTOE

Map of Biomass Resources (New & Renewable Energy Data Center, http://www.kredc.net/)

d̂、、λ1-¥)/....，，

~ ~ ~

を1畠 ~9吻庄が

、T 守・

tII0120Hごと-Z警告(Ioe)

...

MtkzfE弓011Lll:Jコ|畠包平包田園圃 KOREAINSTITUTE OF EN印GYRESEARCH

RPS

• Effective in Korea from 2012

• Accelerates the implementation of renewable enrgy

• Impose quota for each renewable energy

• Total installed capacity – 1,914 MW

RFS in Korea

Scenario 1

Scenario 2

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

BD2.5 BD2.5 BD3.0 BD3.5 BD4 BD4.5 BD5

E3 E3 E4 E5

BD2.5 BD2.5 BD2.5 BD3 BD3 BD3.5 BD4

E3 E3 E3 E4

Demonstration supply of E3

Demonstration supply of E3

BD7

E7

BD5

E5

2013

[BD2]

[BD2]

START REVIEWⅠ REVIEWⅡ

- Introduction of E3 - Biogas?

- Introduction of biogas

Scenario 1 is effective from September, 2015!

• Korean supporting policy for renewable energy implementation is changed from “Subsidy” to “Mandatory” (RPS (2012), RFS (2015) and RHO (2016))

• Bioenergy will play a key role for realizing the sustainable society in Korea

• Securing stable supply of the feedstocks will be the most challenging issue

• Organic wastes and energy crops may be the promising candidates as the feedstocks for bioenergy production

IV. Summary

Thank you for your k ind attention!

For questions, [email protected]!

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