Big Band Era From Territory bands to the big stage.

Big Band EraBig Band Era

From Territory bands From Territory bands

to the big stageto the big stage

Big BandBig Band

Big BandBig Band

Territory bandsTerritory bands Bands that toured Bands that toured

in specific regions in specific regions of the United of the United StatesStates

““top 40” bands of top 40” bands of the erathe era

Traveling got too Traveling got too expensiveexpensive

Musicians found a Musicians found a “home”“home”

Big bands started Big bands started to become to become established in established in certain areascertain areas

Big cities following Big cities following the Mississippi the Mississippi

Started different Started different styles of jazz music styles of jazz music pertaining to the pertaining to the regions they were regions they were inin

Big BandBig Band

Dance craze of the Dance craze of the 1930’s and 1940’s1930’s and 1940’s

Extremely popular Extremely popular during the war during the war eras ( WWII)eras ( WWII)

Started after the Started after the Dixieland era, bigger Dixieland era, bigger band, bigger soundband, bigger sound

Musicians started Musicians started to become more to become more popular, wanted popular, wanted the spotlightthe spotlight

Count Basie- Count Basie- Kansas CityKansas City

Duke Ellington- Duke Ellington- New York/DCNew York/DC

Big BandBig Band

Big bands were Big bands were divided into 2 groups divided into 2 groups those that inspired those that inspired improvisation and improvisation and those that did notthose that did not

Solos became Solos became important to musicimportant to music

Improvisation- playing Improvisation- playing a made up solo over a made up solo over chord changeschord changes

Chord Changes- the Chord Changes- the outline of a songoutline of a song

Dixieland bands Dixieland bands wanted a bigger sound wanted a bigger sound so they added more so they added more musicians. More musicians. More musicians meant musicians meant bigger sound and the bigger sound and the ability to play new and ability to play new and different music.different music.

Big bands were able to Big bands were able to play more music, faster play more music, faster music, used for dances music, used for dances and celebrationsand celebrations

Big BandsBig Bands

New York (52nd New York (52nd street) became street) became popular hang out for popular hang out for jazz musicians and jazz musicians and big bandsbig bands

Cotton Club was the Cotton Club was the most famous jazz most famous jazz clubclub

In later years In later years Birdland and Village Birdland and Village VanguardVanguard

With the ease of With the ease of restrictions in restrictions in racial segregation racial segregation black and white black and white musicians were musicians were able to perform able to perform together thus together thus bands were able to bands were able to be largerbe larger

Make up of Big BandsMake up of Big Bands

4 trumpets4 trumpets 4 trombones4 trombones 5 saxophones ( 2 5 saxophones ( 2

alto, 2 tenor, 1 alto, 2 tenor, 1 bari)bari)

Saxes doubled on Saxes doubled on flute and clarinet flute and clarinet as well as well

rhythm section: rhythm section: drum kit, drum kit, bass, used double bass, used double

bassbass guitar, accousticguitar, accoustic piano piano

Big BandBig Band

Big bands created Big bands created “swing” a different “swing” a different way to play music way to play music that varied greatly to that varied greatly to other styles of music.other styles of music.

This created a “hot” This created a “hot” feelfeel

Influential big bands: Influential big bands: Glenn Miller, Benny Glenn Miller, Benny Goodman, Count Goodman, Count Basie, Duke EllingtonBasie, Duke Ellington

Big bands also Big bands also created the start of created the start of the jazz vocalistthe jazz vocalist

Influential jazz Influential jazz vocalists: Billie vocalists: Billie Holliday, Ella Holliday, Ella Fitzgerald, Sarah Fitzgerald, Sarah Vaughan, Joe Vaughan, Joe Williams, Frank Williams, Frank Sinatra.Sinatra.

Big BandsBig Bands

Scat Singing- Scat Singing- singing syllables singing syllables instead of wordsinstead of words

Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong Ella FitzgeraldElla Fitzgerald Most jazz musicians Most jazz musicians

of later years got of later years got their start during their start during the big band era the big band era (made name for (made name for themselves)themselves)

Became famous Became famous and branched out and branched out on their ownon their own

Louis Armstrong, Louis Armstrong, Charlie Parker, Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis,Miles Davis,

Jazz VocalistsJazz Vocalists Frank SinatraFrank Sinatra

Big Band RoyaltyBig Band Royalty

King of Swing- King of Swing- Benny GoodmanBenny Goodman

Duke Ellington Duke Ellington Count BasieCount BasieThe Prez Lester The Prez Lester

YoungYoungLady Day Billie Lady Day Billie

HolidayHoliday

The First Lady of The First Lady of Jazz- Ella FitzgeraldJazz- Ella Fitzgerald

The Divine One- The Divine One- Sarah VaughnSarah Vaughn

Big BandsBig Bands Decline of the Big Band era Decline of the Big Band era

started with the Great started with the Great Depression of the 1930’sDepression of the 1930’s

Was too expensive to keep Was too expensive to keep a large band together.a large band together.

Big bands began to fade Big bands began to fade due to economic reasons, due to economic reasons, ballrooms started to close, ballrooms started to close, small clubs began to open, small clubs began to open, different types of media different types of media developed.developed.

As big bands started to As big bands started to fold due to economic fold due to economic challenges the jazz combo challenges the jazz combo evolvedevolved

Big band musicians went Big band musicians went on to start their own on to start their own groups and solo careers.groups and solo careers.

WWII created a renewed WWII created a renewed interest in the big band interest in the big band sound as well as the end of sound as well as the end of the depressionthe depression

In the late 40’s the In the late 40’s the creation of Be-Bop created creation of Be-Bop created a new style of jazz thus the a new style of jazz thus the influence of the big band influence of the big band was lessenedwas lessened

Big BandsBig Bands

Glenn Miller Big Band Glenn Miller Big Band was used for was used for entertainment and entertainment and morale for troops morale for troops during WWIIduring WWII

Benny Goodman first Benny Goodman first jazz group to racially jazz group to racially integrate their groupintegrate their group

Lionel Hampton-vibesLionel Hampton-vibes

Benny Goodman-Benny Goodman-created swingcreated swing

Most musicians got Most musicians got their start with a big their start with a big bandband

Once they got Once they got “famous” or wanted to “famous” or wanted to branch out they leftbranch out they left

Jazz singers went solo Jazz singers went solo after making a name after making a name for themselvesfor themselves

Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong Most famous/popular jazz Most famous/popular jazz

musicianmusician Nicknamed SatchmoNicknamed Satchmo Jazz musician, singer, Jazz musician, singer,

trumpet player, entertainertrumpet player, entertainer Most famous jazz musician Most famous jazz musician

of the 20th centuryof the 20th century Fame as a trumpet player, Fame as a trumpet player,

band leader, scat singer, band leader, scat singer, civil right supportercivil right supporter

Helped to create scat Helped to create scat singingsinging

Featured in several Featured in several Hollywood movies (Hello Hollywood movies (Hello Dolly)Dolly)

Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong Born in New Orleans, first Born in New Orleans, first

gained fame in the gained fame in the Dixieland eraDixieland era

Played with Joe King Oliver, Played with Joe King Oliver, Kid OryKid Ory

Started his “hot” and all-Started his “hot” and all-star bands in 1920’sstar bands in 1920’s

1922 left for Chicago with 1922 left for Chicago with OliverOliver

1924 wanted to branch out 1924 wanted to branch out on his own so moved to on his own so moved to New YorkNew York

Joined Fletcher HendersonJoined Fletcher Henderson

1925- Chicago- started 1925- Chicago- started recording under his own recording under his own name using his “hot” bandsname using his “hot” bands

Started touring all over the Started touring all over the State and EuropeState and Europe

1943 Settled in Queens 1943 Settled in Queens continued touringcontinued touring

Played an average of 300 Played an average of 300 gigs a yeargigs a year

1950 cut his big band down 1950 cut his big band down to 6 members and went to 6 members and went back to Dixieland styleback to Dixieland style

1964 biggest selling album 1964 biggest selling album and highest commercial and highest commercial success with Hello Dollysuccess with Hello Dolly

Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong Toured Europe, Asia, and Toured Europe, Asia, and

Africa as a US state Africa as a US state Department Ambassador Department Ambassador of Musicof Music

1971 died of heart attack 1971 died of heart attack age 69age 69

Major supporter of MLK Major supporter of MLK and was supporter of the and was supporter of the Civil Right movementCivil Right movement

He was one of the first He was one of the first entertainers to speak up entertainers to speak up about political causes. He about political causes. He wanted to work behind the wanted to work behind the scenes not be in front of scenes not be in front of the causethe cause

Was extremely generous Was extremely generous with his money supporting with his money supporting different causesdifferent causes

First to popularize scat First to popularize scat singingsinging

Always played with most Always played with most influential musiciansinfluential musicians

Recorded with Ella Recorded with Ella Fitzgerald for Verve Fitzgerald for Verve records. Some of the most records. Some of the most influential jazz recordingsinfluential jazz recordings

Most famous songs are Most famous songs are What a Wonderful World, What a Wonderful World, Ain’t Misbehavin, and Ain’t Misbehavin, and Stompin at the SavoyStompin at the Savoy

Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong 1964 He knocked the 1964 He knocked the

Beatles off the Beatles off the billboard carts with billboard carts with Hello DollyHello Dolly

1968 reached number 1968 reached number 1 with What a 1 with What a Wonderful WorldWonderful World

Inducted into the Rock Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and Roll Hall of Fame, star on the Hollywood star on the Hollywood walk of fame, Grammy walk of fame, Grammy awards, jazz hall of awards, jazz hall of fame, fame,

Airport in New Orleans Airport in New Orleans is named after himis named after him

Influenced every Influenced every musician to come musician to come after him.after him.

Major influence on Major influence on trumpet players trumpet players

Major influence on Major influence on African American African American musicians and musicians and politicianspoliticians

Fletcher HendersonFletcher Henderson

Jazz pianist, Jazz pianist, arranger/composerarranger/composer

Led one of the first Led one of the first successful big bandssuccessful big bands

1922 formed his own 1922 formed his own band in Georgia “Best band in Georgia “Best colored band in the colored band in the South”South”

Worked for Black Worked for Black Swan recordsSwan records

1924 Louis Armstrong 1924 Louis Armstrong joined his bandjoined his band

Fletcher HendersonFletcher Henderson

1930’s- started 1930’s- started arranging music for his arranging music for his bandband

1934 started arranging 1934 started arranging music for Benny music for Benny GoodmanGoodman

1939 joined Benny 1939 joined Benny Goodman as player and Goodman as player and arranger then just arranger then just arrangerarranger

Famous for his big Famous for his big band arrangements still band arrangements still being performed todaybeing performed today

Hired by Duke Hired by Duke Ellington as an Ellington as an arranger when his arranger when his band played at the band played at the cotton clubcotton club

Charts are still being Charts are still being played todayplayed today

Benny Goodman Benny Goodman

1909-19861909-1986 King of SwingKing of Swing Band leader, Band leader,

clarinet playerclarinet player Born in ChicagoBorn in Chicago Started playing Started playing

professional at 16professional at 16 1926- His first 1926- His first

recordingsrecordings

Benny GoodmanBenny Goodman

Parents were blue Parents were blue collar working class collar working class citizens citizens

Father urged him to Father urged him to quit playing and get quit playing and get an “honest Job”an “honest Job”

Father never saw Father never saw him play him play professionallyprofessionally

1932 formed his own 1932 formed his own band in New York band in New York CityCity

Benny GoodmanBenny Goodman 1934- Lets Dance radio 1934- Lets Dance radio

showshow 1935- Palomar Ball room1935- Palomar Ball room Gene KrupaGene Krupa 1937- movie Hollywood 1937- movie Hollywood

HotelHotel 1938- January 16th 1938- January 16th

Carnegie Hall (Sing, Sing, Carnegie Hall (Sing, Sing, Sing)Sing)

1950- LP recording of this 1950- LP recording of this concert became the first concert became the first million selling lpmillion selling lp

1952 broke up big band 1952 broke up big band due to economic reasonsdue to economic reasons

Benny Goodman achieved Benny Goodman achieved the same success with jazz the same success with jazz that Elvis did with rock and that Elvis did with rock and rollroll

1936 Goodman added 1936 Goodman added Lionel Hampton on vibes to Lionel Hampton on vibes to form the Benny Goodman form the Benny Goodman QuartetQuartet

first musicians to racially first musicians to racially integrate their band. 10 integrate their band. 10 years before Jackie years before Jackie Robinson entered the Robinson entered the Major Leagues.Major Leagues.

Benny GoodmanBenny Goodman On January 16, 1938, the On January 16, 1938, the

Benny Goodman band Benny Goodman band played at Carnegie Hall. played at Carnegie Hall.

First jazz band to play at First jazz band to play at Carnegie HallCarnegie Hall

Carnegie Hall had been the Carnegie Hall had been the nation's greatest temple of nation's greatest temple of musical art, home of the musical art, home of the New York Philharmonic and New York Philharmonic and scene of every important scene of every important artist's debut artist's debut

Many of those who played Many of those who played with him as sidemen later with him as sidemen later achieved fame as leaders achieved fame as leaders of their own bands, of their own bands, soloists, actors, actresses, soloists, actors, actresses, musicians for movies and musicians for movies and televisiontelevision

Huge impact on popular Huge impact on popular music and the importance music and the importance of the clarinet in both jazz of the clarinet in both jazz and classical music. and classical music.

Thousands of youngsters Thousands of youngsters throughout the world were throughout the world were influenced to play the influenced to play the clarinet through listening clarinet through listening to Benny Goodmanto Benny Goodman

Gene KrupaGene Krupa

considered to be the considered to be the first drum "soloist." first drum "soloist."

father of the father of the modern drumset modern drumset

help with help with developing the developing the modern hi-hat modern hi-hat cymbals. cymbals.

the first drummer to the first drummer to record with a bass record with a bass drum drum

Gene KrupaGene Krupa

First real gig was with First real gig was with Benny Goodman and Glenn Benny Goodman and Glenn Miller, performed in the pit Miller, performed in the pit band of the new George band of the new George Gershwin play "Strike Up Gershwin play "Strike Up the Band. the Band.

Benny GoodmanBenny Goodman urged urged Gene to join his band with Gene to join his band with the promise that it would the promise that it would be a real jazz band. be a real jazz band.

Gene's classic performance Gene's classic performance on "Sing Sing Sing" has on "Sing Sing Sing" has been heralded as the first been heralded as the first extended drum solo in jazz extended drum solo in jazz

Gene KrupaGene Krupa

Left Goodman on March 3, Left Goodman on March 3, 1938 1938

Started his own bandStarted his own band authored his own book authored his own book

titled "The Gene Krupa titled "The Gene Krupa Drum Method"(1938)Drum Method"(1938)

began an annual Drum began an annual Drum

Contest(1941).Contest(1941). Louie Bellson was first Louie Bellson was first

winnerwinner Bellson went on to become Bellson went on to become

a famous jazz drummera famous jazz drummer

briefly joined up with briefly joined up with Benny Goodman and Benny Goodman and Tommy Dorsey before re-Tommy Dorsey before re-forming his own band forming his own band

big band was one of the big band was one of the first in the mid-forties to first in the mid-forties to introduce Bop introduce Bop arrangements with the arrangements with the help of Gerry Mulligan and help of Gerry Mulligan and the playing of trumpeter the playing of trumpeter

Red Rodney.Red Rodney.

Gene KrupaGene Krupa The Gene Krupa Trio was The Gene Krupa Trio was

one of the first acts one of the first acts recruited by Norman Granz recruited by Norman Granz for his "Jazz At The for his "Jazz At The Philharmonic" Philharmonic"

The JATP dates introduced The JATP dates introduced the famous "Drum Battles" the famous "Drum Battles" with with Buddy RichBuddy Rich in October in October of 1952of 1952

In 1959, "The Gene Krupa In 1959, "The Gene Krupa Story." The film was very Story." The film was very loose in the facts of Gene's loose in the facts of Gene's career but did feature an career but did feature an excellent soundtrack excellent soundtrack recorded by Krupa himself.recorded by Krupa himself.

Gene's last Gene's last commercial recording commercial recording was in November of was in November of 1972 1972

Gene's final public Gene's final public performance was with performance was with a reunion of the old a reunion of the old Goodman Quartet on Goodman Quartet on August 18, 1973. August 18, 1973.

Gene died October 16, Gene died October 16, 1973 of a heart attack 1973 of a heart attack

Glenn Miller Glenn Miller

First gig was with Ben First gig was with Ben Pollack’s band that Pollack’s band that

included Benny Goodmanincluded Benny Goodman 1928 freelance musician in 1928 freelance musician in

New York played with New York played with Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey, Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey, Benny Goodman, Gene Benny Goodman, Gene Krupa, and young singer Krupa, and young singer named Bing Crosbynamed Bing Crosby

April 1935, Glenn Miller April 1935, Glenn Miller recorded, for the first time, recorded, for the first time,

under his own name.under his own name.

Glenn MillerGlenn Miller His band emphasized the His band emphasized the

clarinet playing the melodic clarinet playing the melodic line while the tenor sax plays line while the tenor sax plays the same note, and the same note, and supported by three other supported by three other

saxophonesaxophone Tuxedo Junction, Moonlight Tuxedo Junction, Moonlight

Serenade,Serenade, and Pennsylvania and Pennsylvania 6-5000 were some of his 6-5000 were some of his songssongs

In the Mood was his most In the Mood was his most famous songfamous song

1941 left for Hollywood to 1941 left for Hollywood to record for and make moviesrecord for and make movies

Chattanooga Choo Choo Chattanooga Choo Choo becomes first million becomes first million selling album for Millerselling album for Miller

Sun Valley Serenade and Sun Valley Serenade and Orchestra Wives were Orchestra Wives were movies the Glenn Miller movies the Glenn Miller Orchestra were inOrchestra were in

On October 7, 1942, Alton On October 7, 1942, Alton Glenn Miller reported for Glenn Miller reported for

induction into the Armyinduction into the Army assigned to the Army assigned to the Army

Specialist CorpsSpecialist Corps

Glenn MillerGlenn Miller

appointment as a Captain appointment as a Captain to modernize the army to modernize the army band and ultimately band and ultimately improve the morale of the improve the morale of the men men

transferred into the Army transferred into the Army Air Corps, where he Air Corps, where he ultimately organized the ultimately organized the Glenn Miller Army Air Force Glenn Miller Army Air Force Band Band

Glenn Miller Army Air Force Glenn Miller Army Air Force Band engaged in over 800 Band engaged in over 800

performancesperformances

500 were broadcasts heard 500 were broadcasts heard

by millionsby millions First professional musician First professional musician

inducted into the military inducted into the military to serve as military band to serve as military band leader and musicians for leader and musicians for troop moraletroop morale

1944 Stationed in London1944 Stationed in London Six week tour of Europe, Six week tour of Europe,

was to be stationed in Pariswas to be stationed in Paris

Glenn MillerGlenn Miller

Miller decided to go ahead, Miller decided to go ahead, in order to make the in order to make the proper arrangements for proper arrangements for

the group’s arrivalthe group’s arrival December 15th, Glenn December 15th, Glenn

Miller boarded a transport Miller boarded a transport

plane to Parisplane to Paris Bad weather made Bad weather made

communication difficultcommunication difficult Plane crashes early Plane crashes early

morning of December 15thmorning of December 15th

Plane and body was never Plane and body was never recoveredrecovered

1945 Last recording of The 1945 Last recording of The Glenn Miller orchestra was Glenn Miller orchestra was releasedreleased

1954- The Glenn Miller 1954- The Glenn Miller story starring Jimmy story starring Jimmy StewartStewart

2003- Glenn Miller 2003- Glenn Miller received Grammy Lifetime received Grammy Lifetime Achievement award Achievement award posthumouslyposthumously

Duke EllingtonDuke Ellington

Band Leader, piano Band Leader, piano player, arrangerplayer, arranger

One of the most One of the most popular most popular most successful big band successful big band leaders of all timeleaders of all time

Famous for is Famous for is arrangements and arrangements and is personalityis personality

Duke EllingtonDuke Ellington

Born in Washington Born in Washington D.C.D.C.

Began performing Began performing when he was 17when he was 17

1923 moved to 1923 moved to New York CityNew York City

1927- House band 1927- House band for the Cotton Clubfor the Cotton Club

Duke EllingtonDuke Ellington One of two of the most One of two of the most

famous big bands (Count famous big bands (Count Basie)Basie)

used the best musicians used the best musicians from around the countryfrom around the country

One of the most famous One of the most famous African American African American musicians and celebritiesmusicians and celebrities

Arranged for the musician Arranged for the musician not the band which gave not the band which gave his band a distinct soundhis band a distinct sound

1940s was peak success1940s was peak success Arranged music for bands Arranged music for bands

and moviesand movies

Was key figure in Was key figure in symphonic big band jazzsymphonic big band jazz

Composed jazz suites and Composed jazz suites and not just simple “charts”not just simple “charts”

1943-Black, Brown, and 1943-Black, Brown, and BeigeBeige

Most famous songs were Most famous songs were Satin Doll and Take the A Satin Doll and Take the A train, Mood Indigotrain, Mood Indigo

1956- Newport Jazz 1956- Newport Jazz Festival revived popularityFestival revived popularity

1957- Such Sweet thunder- 1957- Such Sweet thunder- based on Shakespeare and based on Shakespeare and dedicated to Queen dedicated to Queen Elizabeth IIElizabeth II

1965- Pulitzer prize winner1965- Pulitzer prize winner

Duke EllingtonDuke Ellington

1966- Sacred concert 1966- Sacred concert combination of jazz combination of jazz music with Christian music with Christian readingsreadings

1969-presidential 1969-presidential Medal of FreedomMedal of Freedom

Multi Grammy award Multi Grammy award winnerwinner

1973 Legion of Honor 1973 Legion of Honor by the French by the French governmentgovernment

Band still touring Band still touring todaytoday

Major influence on jazz Major influence on jazz music and musiciansmusic and musicians

Created new forms of Created new forms of jazz music and jazz jazz music and jazz arrangements arrangements

One of the most One of the most influential musicians influential musicians of the 20of the 20thth century century

Cotton ClubCotton Club

The Cotton ClubThe Cotton Club One of the greatest jazz One of the greatest jazz

clubs in New Yorkclubs in New York Operated during and after Operated during and after

prohibitionprohibition Jack Johnson (heavy Jack Johnson (heavy

Weight champ) owned the Weight champ) owned the clubclub

Run by Mob in 1923Run by Mob in 1923 Helped to launch the Helped to launch the

careers of many of the big careers of many of the big band era musiciansband era musicians

Ellington was the house Ellington was the house band from 1927-1931band from 1927-1931

Recorded over 100 songs Recorded over 100 songs therethere

House band was required House band was required to perform every night, to perform every night, especially weekendsespecially weekends

New songs performed New songs performed every concert.every concert.

Cab Calloway took over as Cab Calloway took over as house band after Ellingtonhouse band after Ellington

Minnie the MoocherMinnie the Moocher Closed in 1936- after race Closed in 1936- after race

riots in Harlemriots in Harlem Re-opened on BroadwayRe-opened on Broadway Closed for good in 1940Closed for good in 1940

Count BasieCount Basie

Band leader, piano Band leader, piano playerplayer

One of the best and One of the best and most influential band most influential band leaders and musicians leaders and musicians of all timeof all time

1924 toured with the 1924 toured with the TOBATOBA

1928 moved to Kansas 1928 moved to Kansas City joined the Blue City joined the Blue DevilsDevils

Count BasieCount Basie

Became piano player Became piano player for Benny Moten jazz for Benny Moten jazz bandband

1935- Became leader 1935- Became leader changed to Count changed to Count Basie Big BandBasie Big Band

Created the Kansas Created the Kansas City style of jazz ( laid City style of jazz ( laid back jazz)back jazz)

Always hired the best Always hired the best musicians availablemusicians available

Count BasieCount Basie

Once you were a member Once you were a member of the Basie band you of the Basie band you remained a memberremained a member

Players went on to start Players went on to start own careers but always own careers but always returned to Basie band to returned to Basie band to play with themplay with them

Launched careers of many Launched careers of many famous musiciansfamous musicians

Influential to the start of Influential to the start of the jazz singersthe jazz singers

Joe Williams, Frank Sinatra, Joe Williams, Frank Sinatra, Ella Fitzgerald all got their Ella Fitzgerald all got their start with the Basie Bandstart with the Basie Band

Quincy Jones was trumpet Quincy Jones was trumpet player and arranger for the player and arranger for the Basie bandBasie band

1974 had cameo in Mel 1974 had cameo in Mel Brooks film Blazing Brooks film Blazing SaddlesSaddles

Sammy Nestico, famous Sammy Nestico, famous jazz arranger for Count jazz arranger for Count BasieBasie

Freddie Green famous jazz Freddie Green famous jazz guitaristguitarist

One O’clock Jump, All of One O’clock Jump, All of Me, April in Paris, Lil Darlin- Me, April in Paris, Lil Darlin- most famous songsmost famous songs

Count BasieCount Basie

Created a new Created a new style of jazz called style of jazz called Kansas City Style.Kansas City Style.

Off shoot of swing Off shoot of swing music where music where players “laid back”players “laid back”

Famous for its Famous for its rhythm sectionrhythm section

““Space” was Space” was importantimportant

Horn players used Horn players used riffs and motifsriffs and motifs

New style of piano New style of piano playing called the playing called the Basie StyleBasie Style

Stressed Stressed improvisationimprovisation

Lester YoungLester Young

The PrezThe Prez Famous Tenor Sax Famous Tenor Sax

playerplayer One of the most One of the most

influential influential saxophone playerssaxophone players

Started playing in Started playing in vaudeville and vaudeville and territory bandsterritory bands

Lester YoungLester Young Got his start in his father’s Got his start in his father’s

territory bandsterritory bands 1932 joined the Blue Devils1932 joined the Blue Devils Landed in Kansas CityLanded in Kansas City Played with King Oliver, Played with King Oliver,

Fletcher Henderson, and Fletcher Henderson, and Count BasieCount Basie

1934 joined the Count 1934 joined the Count Basie BandBasie Band

This group would lead him This group would lead him to national attention and to national attention and make him famousmake him famous

Nick name was given to him Nick name was given to him by friend Billie Hollidayby friend Billie Holliday

Was eccentric creating his Was eccentric creating his own playing style and own playing style and language for his friendslanguage for his friends

Used to hold the horn out to Used to hold the horn out to his right when he played his right when he played (like a flute)(like a flute)

1942 recorded with Nat King 1942 recorded with Nat King ColeCole

1943 inducted into the Army1943 inducted into the Army Black musicians were put Black musicians were put

into the regular army White into the regular army White musicians were put into musicians were put into military bands like Glenn military bands like Glenn Miller.Miller.

Lester YoungLester Young Court- martial for various Court- martial for various

offensesoffenses 1945 dishonorably discharged1945 dishonorably discharged 1946 JATP- jazz at the 1946 JATP- jazz at the

Philharmonic with Norman Philharmonic with Norman GranzGranz

Toured with them for 12 Toured with them for 12 yearsyears

1950- Lester leaps in solo at 1950- Lester leaps in solo at Carnegie HallCarnegie Hall

1952- Start of his drinking 1952- Start of his drinking problem, started to affect his problem, started to affect his playingplaying

1955- Hospital stays due to 1955- Hospital stays due to drinking and nervous drinking and nervous breakdownbreakdown

By the late 50s drinking By the late 50s drinking had taken a toll on him had taken a toll on him was unhealthy never ate, was unhealthy never ate, drank constantly could drank constantly could barely performbarely perform

December 8 1957- The December 8 1957- The Sound of Jazz-Billie Sound of Jazz-Billie Holliday, Ben Webster, Holliday, Ben Webster, Coleman Hawkins, Gerry Coleman Hawkins, Gerry Mulligan, Roy EldrigeMulligan, Roy Eldrige

March 1959- final studio March 1959- final studio recording, European tourrecording, European tour

March 15th New York died March 15th New York died age 49age 49

Billie HollidayBillie Holliday

1915-19591915-1959 Lady DayLady Day One of the most influential One of the most influential

jazz singers of all timesjazz singers of all times Major influence on modern Major influence on modern

day singersday singers Born in Philadelphia Born in Philadelphia

(mother was 13 at time of (mother was 13 at time of her birth) father was jazz her birth) father was jazz guitaristguitarist

(Divorced early)(Divorced early) Began performing at an Began performing at an

early age to provide money early age to provide money for the familyfor the family

Billie HollidayBillie Holliday Early 1930 moved to New Early 1930 moved to New

YorkYork Father was absentee only Father was absentee only

showing up on rare showing up on rare occasions (shake down)occasions (shake down)

1932 Discovered by John 1932 Discovered by John HammondHammond

1933 first recording with 1933 first recording with Benny Goodman ( My Benny Goodman ( My Mother’s Son-In-Law)Mother’s Son-In-Law)

November 23, 1934 Apollo November 23, 1934 Apollo TheaterTheater

Regular performer on 52nd Regular performer on 52nd street clubsstreet clubs

Billie HollidayBillie Holliday Her music had impeccable Her music had impeccable

timing, nuanced phrasing, timing, nuanced phrasing, and emotional immediacyand emotional immediacy

Worked with al the great Worked with al the great artist became one of the artist became one of the greatest black singers of greatest black singers of all timeall time

Became addicted to drugs Became addicted to drugs starting at 13years old and starting at 13years old and bad addiction to heroinbad addiction to heroin

Cursed with bad abusive Cursed with bad abusive relationships most of her relationships most of her lifelife

Sang about her Sang about her relationships in her songsrelationships in her songs

Famous songs were God Famous songs were God Bless the Child and Fine Bless the Child and Fine and Mellowand Mellow

Major influence on female Major influence on female singers from Janis Joplin to singers from Janis Joplin to Madonna to present day Madonna to present day singerssingers

May 1947 arrested for drug May 1947 arrested for drug possession had cabaret possession had cabaret card taken away for 12 card taken away for 12 yearsyears

1954 European tour was a 1954 European tour was a huge success revamped huge success revamped her careerher career

Billie HollidayBillie Holliday

March 1959- Final studio recordingMarch 1959- Final studio recordingMay 31 1959 taken to hospital in May 31 1959 taken to hospital in

New York for liver and heart New York for liver and heart problemsproblems

July 17 1959 died age 44 died from July 17 1959 died age 44 died from cirrhosis of the livercirrhosis of the liver

When she died she had 70 cents in When she died she had 70 cents in her bank accounther bank account

Ella FitzgeraldElla Fitzgerald 1917-19961917-1996 Lady Ella- First Lady of JazzLady Ella- First Lady of Jazz Won 13 Grammy awardsWon 13 Grammy awards National Medal of Art, National Medal of Art,

Presidential medal of Presidential medal of freedomfreedom

Influential jazz singer and Influential jazz singer and innovator of scat singinginnovator of scat singing

Orphaned at age 14Orphaned at age 14 Started singing career at Started singing career at

age 16age 16 November 21, 1934- Apollo November 21, 1934- Apollo

TheaterTheater

Ella FitzgeraldElla Fitzgerald Started singing with Chick Started singing with Chick

Webb big band in 1935Webb big band in 1935 1939- Took over after 1939- Took over after

Webb’s death became Ella Webb’s death became Ella Fitzgerald and her famous Fitzgerald and her famous orchestraorchestra

Solo career 1941Solo career 1941 Norman Granz created Norman Granz created

record company Verve record company Verve records for herrecords for her

Ella created Songbooks she Ella created Songbooks she recorded for the Verve recorded for the Verve LabelLabel

Toured all over the world Toured all over the world promoting the songbook promoting the songbook seriesseries

Ella FitzgeraldElla Fitzgerald

Most famous collaborations are with Frank Most famous collaborations are with Frank Sinatra, Louis Armstrong, and Count Basie.Sinatra, Louis Armstrong, and Count Basie.

June 1974 combined concert at Caesars Palace June 1974 combined concert at Caesars Palace was the top grossing concerts in Vegas of all time was the top grossing concerts in Vegas of all time

Went to Broadway and grossed 2 million in 2 Went to Broadway and grossed 2 million in 2 weeksweeks

Was cursed with bad romancesWas cursed with bad romances Suffered from Diabetes and died from Suffered from Diabetes and died from

complications due to diabetes in 1996complications due to diabetes in 1996 Major influence on female singers from all genresMajor influence on female singers from all genres

Sarah VaughnSarah Vaughn

1924- 19901924- 1990 one of the greatest one of the greatest

female singers of female singers of all timeall time

Began performing Began performing in 1940’sin 1940’s

Went solo in 1945- Went solo in 1945- Tenderly, It’s MagicTenderly, It’s Magic

Famous 1950- Famous 1950- MistyMisty

Sarah VaughnSarah Vaughn Huge vocal range, being Huge vocal range, being

able to sing baritone to able to sing baritone to soprano, think Mariah soprano, think Mariah CarreyCarrey

Musically trained in theory Musically trained in theory and skillsand skills

Inspiration for Bosa Nova in Inspiration for Bosa Nova in the 1960’sthe 1960’s

Was huge influence on Was huge influence on modern singersmodern singers

Started singing pop style Started singing pop style songs in 1950s as well as songs in 1950s as well as jazz, cross over artistsjazz, cross over artists

Continued to record and Continued to record and win awards well into the win awards well into the 1980s1980s

JATPJATP

Jazz at the PhilharmonicJazz at the Philharmonic Started by Norman GranzStarted by Norman Granz He created Verve recordsHe created Verve records First all star settingFirst all star setting Toured around the countryToured around the country Give exposure of jazz Give exposure of jazz

music to people who would music to people who would not usually see a concertnot usually see a concert

World famous musicians in World famous musicians in a jam session type concert a jam session type concert so the audience could get so the audience could get closer to the musicianscloser to the musicians