Best IGCSE Guide Past Ques

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History IGCSEInternational Relations, 1918-1989

& Germany, 1918-1945

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HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Neville_

Chamberlain2.jpg" \o "Chamberlain holds the Munich Agreement on his return from Germany in September 1938. He said: My

good friends, for the second time in our history, a British Prime Minister has ret

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women.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE

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The syllabus content consists of a compulsory core and a depth study.

The compulsory core is on International Relations, 1919-1989.

The depth study is Germany, 1918-1945.

There are two exam papers which have a total weighting of 73%.

Paper 1: EssaysPaper 1 is on on the core and the depth study in the form of shorter and then longer essay style questions.Paper 1 lasts 1 hour 45 mins.

Paper 2: DocumentsPaper 2 is on on a topic from the Core of the Boards choice. There will be a selection of documents and questions. Historically the Board chooses a 1919-1939 topic one year and a 1945-1989 topic the next. NB: The topic changes each year.2001, League & 1930s2002, USSR & Eastern Europe2003, Hitler's Foreign Policy2004, Cold War, 1945-492005, The Treaty of Versailles 2006, Cuba & the USA, 1958-19622007, The Korean War2008; Events leading to WW2, 1939

Paper 2 lasts 2 hours.

Paper 3 or Coursework

Candidates must submit two pieces of coursework which have a combined weighting of 27%. Task 1 is a set of 3 essays on Hitler's rise to powerTask 2 is a document paper, just like Paper 2 on the Reichstag Fire

Approximate schedule

Year 10 Autumn Term Versailles & 1920sNovember Test Target settingSpring Term 1930s & Causes WW2June Exam Target setting

Year 11 Autumn Term Germany & courseworkBerlin Visit Germany & courseworkJanuary Mocks Target settingSpring Term Cold WarIGCSE Exams usually in early May

The Paper 2 topic will be covered in more depth.

Syllabus Aims:- acquire knowledge and understanding of the human past- investigate historical events, changes, people and issues- develop understanding of how the past has been represented and interpreted- use historical sources critically in their historical context- draw conclusions and appreciate that these and other historical conclusions are liable to reassessment in the light of new or reinterpreted evidence

Assessment ObjectivesObjective 1: Knowledge, Organization & Communicationrecall, select, organise and deploy knowledge of the syllabus content

Objective 2: Understanding & Empathydemonstrate an understanding of:

change and continuitycause and consequencesimilarity and differencemotives, emotions, intentions and beliefs of people in the past

Objective 3: Source Enquiry & Interpretationcomprehend, interpret, evaluate and use a range of sources as evidence in their historical context

The skills objectives are the same as UK NC and the IB Diploma.

Y10 Summer/Y11 January MockThe Y10 Summer exam and Y11 January Mock will closely follow the IGCSE format and will typically be a 2 hour 10 mins paper including;2 out of 5 essay questions, 1 hour & 10 mins, on International Relations in Y10, Germany in Y11documents & questions, 1 hour on an International Relations topic

Some useful web sites

HYPERLINK "http://www.schoolshistory.org.uk" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.activehistory.co.uk/Miscellaneous/Pictures/icons/schoolshistory_sm.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.HistoryGCSE.org" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.activehistory.co.uk/Miscellaneous/Pictures/icons/historygcse.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.intst.net/humanities/history/index.htm" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.intst.net/humanities/information/_borders/historylogosmall.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/forum"

INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/images/promo_discussion.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.johndclare.net" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.activehistory.co.uk/Miscellaneous/Pictures/icons/johndclare.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.activehistory.co.uk/Miscellaneous/Pictures/schoolhistory.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET

HYPERLINK "http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.schoolhistory.co.uk/images/schoolhis.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET

HYPERLINK "http://www.activehistory.co.uk" \t "_blank" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.historyonthenet.com/images/activehistory_sm.gif" \*

MERGEFORMATINET

HYPERLINK "http://www.learnhistory.org.uk" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.activehistory.co.uk/Miscellaneous/Pictures/icons/learnhistory.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK

"http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.activehistory.co.uk/Miscellaneous/Pictures/icons/spartacus.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET

HYPERLINK "http://www.weatherheadhistory.ik.org/" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.activehistory.co.uk/Miscellaneous/Pictures/icons/weatherhead.gif" \*

MERGEFORMATINET

Year 10 September/October

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Dead Germans in a Trench A Peace Conference at the Quai d'Orsay Sir William Orpen RA Sir William Orpen RA

The scale of the human tragedy of the Delegates seating and standing around a table. First World War was unprecedented Behind them is a highly ornate and gilded room Of 65 million men mobilised, with chandeliers, cherubs, and a statue of Victoryover half were killed, wounded or above the fireplace.captured Left to right (seated): Signor Orlando, Mr D Lloyd

George, M Georges Clemenceau, President Woodrow Wilson); & 3 others

HYPERLINK "http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/lj/warslj/art_versailles.shtml" http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/lj/warslj/art_versailles.shtml

HYPERLINK "http://www.iwmcollections.org.uk/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpcgi.exe" http://www.iwmcollections.org.uk/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpcgi.exe

Were the Peace Treaties of 1919-23 fair ?

What were the motives of the Big 4 at Versailles ?

Why did the victors not get everything the wanted ?

What was the impact of the peace treaty on Germany ?

Could the treaties be justified at the time ?

Detailed ContentPeace Treaties of 1919-23; roles of individuals such as Clemenceau, Wilson, Orlando & Lloyd George and in peacemaking process; impact of treaties on defeated countries; contemporary opinions about treaties.

On the web

INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/greatwar/peace/images/title.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET

HYPERLINK "http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/greatwar/g5/cs1/default.htm" INCLUDEPICTURE

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HYPERLINK "http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/greatwar/peace/frameset.htm" http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/greatwar/peace/frameset.htm

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Versailles and PeacemakingBy Dr Ruth Henig

HYPERLINK "http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwone/versailles_01.shtml" http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwone/versailles_01.shtml

The Ending of World War One, and the Legacy of PeaceBy Professor Martin Kitchen

HYPERLINK "http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwone/war_end_01.shtml" http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/wwone/war_end_01.shtml

Visit Chateau de Versailles & The Hall of Mirrors (La Galerie des Glaces) HYPERLINK "http://www.chateauversailles.fr/en/111_The_Grand_Apartment_And_Hall_of_Mirrors.php"

http://www.chateauversailles.fr/en/111_The_Grand_Apartment_And_Hall_of_Mirrors.php HYPERLINK "http://www.chateauversailles.fr/en/" http://www.chateauversailles.fr/en/

INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/images/history_sub.gif" \*

MERGEFORMATINET GCSE Bitesize

International Relations, 1919-1992 HYPERLINK "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/"

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/

Year 10 November/December

INCLUDEPICTURE "http://history.acusd.edu/gen/WW1Pics/90861ex.GIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE

"http://www.unog.ch/frames/library/archives/lon/photos/title.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://flagspot.net/images/l/league.gif" INCLUDEPICTURE

"http://flagspot.net/images/l/league.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET The League of Nations symbol, the Armillary sphere, the League Head quarters

at Geneva and the League flag

To what extent was the League of Nations a success ?

How successful was the League in the 1920s ?

How far did the weaknesses in the League's organization make failure inevitable ?

How far did the Depression make the work of the League more difficult ?

How successful was the League in the 1930s ?

Detailed ContentLeague of Nations - strengths and weaknesses in its structure and organisation; successes and failures in peacekeeping during 1920s; impact of World Depression on work of League after 1929; failures of League during 1930s; Manchuria and Abyssinia.

On the web





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HYPERLINK "http://www.indiana.edu/~league/" http://www.indiana.edu/~league/

HYPERLINK "http://www.unog.ch/80256EE60057F2B7/(httpHomepages)/5562355D44

17A43F80256F04007174DB?OpenDocument" INCLUDEPICTURE

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HYPERLINK "http://www.unog.ch/80256EE600581D0E/(httpHomepages)/BCE0EBD8DCE4470C80256F040067307C?OpenDocument" http://www.unog.ch/80256EE600581D0E/(httpHomepages)/BCE0EBD8DCE4470C80256F040067307C?

OpenDocument

HYPERLINK "http://www.unog.ch/80256EE60057D930/(httpPages)/8C989922E1DBC95980256EF8005048CA?OpenDocument" http://www.unog.ch/80256EE60057D930/(httpPages)/8C989922E1DBC95980256EF8005048CA?OpenDocument

HYPERLINK "http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/heroesvillains/mussolini/default.htm" http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/heroesvillains/mussolini/default.htm

Year 10

Spring

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Mussolini, Hitler, Goering, Himmler & Hess Chamberlain holds up “the piece of examine the map of Czechoslovakia paper” Daladier is top right

Why had international peace collapsed by 1939 ?

What were the long term consequences of the peace treaties of 1919-1923 ?

What were the consequences of the failure of the League in the 1930s ?

How far was Hitler's foreign policy to blame for the outbreak of war in 1939 ?

Was the policy of appeasement justified ?

How important was the Nazi-Soviet Pact ?

Why did Britain & France declare war on Germany in 1939 ?

Detailed ContentCollapse of international order in 1930s; increasing militarism of Germany, Italy and Japan; Hitler's foreign policy to 1939; the Saar, remilitarisation of the Rhineland, Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland; appeasement, Nazi-Soviet Pact and outbreak of war in 1939.

On the web

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MERGEFORMATINET

HYPERLINK "http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/snapshots/snapshot30/snapshot30.htm" http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/snapshots/snapshot30/snapshot30.htm

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YEAR 11September/October

HYPERLINK "http://www.abcgallery.com/G/grosz/grosz15.html" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.abcgallery.com/G/grosz/sgrosz15.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK

"http://www.abcgallery.com/G/grosz/grosz26.html" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.abcgallery.com/G/grosz/sgrosz26.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK

"http://www.abcgallery.com/G/grosz/grosz19.html" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.abcgallery.com/G/grosz/sgrosz19.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK

"http://www.abcgallery.com/G/grosz/grosz10.html" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.abcgallery.com/G/grosz/sgrosz10.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET

Eclipse of the Sun...Pillars of Society The Agitator A Winter’s Tale

George Grosz identifies some of the characters in Weimar society...Army commanders, monarchists, freikorps, priests, bureacrats and the bewildered.

In “The Agitator” he identifies the future threat in 1928.

HYPERLINK "http://www.abcgallery.com/G/grosz/grosz.html" http://www.abcgallery.com/G/grosz/grosz.html

Was the Weimar Republic doomed from the start ?

How did Germany emerge from defeat at the end of the First World War ?

What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on the Republic ?

To what extent did the Republic recover after 1923 ?

What were the achievements of the Weimar Republic ?

Detailed ContentThe Revolution of 1918 and the establishment of the Republic. The Versilles settlement and German reactions to it. The Weimar constitution, main political divisions, the role of the army. Political disorder, 1919-1923; eonomic crises and hyper-inflation; the occupation of the Ruhr. The Stresemann era. Cultural achievements of the Weimar period

On the web INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ENCgermany.JPG" \*

MERGEFORMATINET

HYPERLINK "http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Germany.htm" http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Germany.htm



Germany HYPERLINK "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/"


Year 11October/November

HYPERLINK "http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/images/art/sa3.jpg" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/images/art/sa3at.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET

HYPERLINK "http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/images/art/30jan.jpg" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/images/art/30jant.jpg" \*

MERGEFORMATINET

The Nazis came to glorify the Kampfzeit, This painting by Arthur Kampf commemoratesthe period before 1933 when the party the Nazi seizure of power on 30 January 1933. fought for power. This painting shows The SA marched in torchlit procession through an S.A. Man in a meeting hall battle. Berlin

HYPERLINK "http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/" http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/

Why was Hitler able to dominate Germany by 1934 ?

What did the Nazi Party stand for in the 1920s ?

Why did the Nazis have little success before 1930 ?

Why was Hitler able to become Chancellor in 1933 ?

How did Hitler consolidate his power by 1934 ?Detailed ContentThe early years of the Nazi Party: Nazi ideas and methods, the Munich Putsch, the roles of Hitler and other Nazi leaders. The impact of the Depression on Germany: political, economic and social crisis of 1930-33, reasons for the Nazis' rise to power, Hitler takes power, the Reichstag fire and the March election. The Enabling Act, removal of the opposition, night of the Long Knives and the death of Hindenburg. The Army oath.

On the web



Germany HYPERLINK "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/"


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Year 11November/December

HYPERLINK "http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/images/rk/rk3.jpg" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/images/rk/rk3t.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/images/rk/rk2.jpg" INCLUDEPICTURE

"http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/images/rk/rk2t.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET

Perfect order and absolute control are symbolized by Hitler's Reich Chancellery and office

HYPERLINK "http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/kanzlei.htm" http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/kanzlei.htm

How effectively did the Nazis control Germany, 1933-1945 ?

How much opposition was there to the Nazi regime ?

How effectively did the Nazis deal with their political opponents ?

How did the Nazis use culture and the mass media to control people ?

Was Nazi Germany a totalitarian state ?

Detailed ContentThe Enabling Act, removal of the opposition, Night of the Long Knives.The Army oath, Methods of control and repression, the police state , SS and Himmler.Use of Culture and the mass media, Goebbels. Opposition to Nazi rule

On the web

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HYPERLINK "http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa" http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa

INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.thirdreichruins.com/topbarreich.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.thirdreichruins.com/" http://www.thirdreichruins.com/



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GCSE BitesizeGermany

HYPERLINK "http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/" http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/

Year 11December/January

HYPERLINK "http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/images/ws/ws07.jpg" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/images/ws/ws07t.jpg" \*

MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/images/art/padua.jpg" INCLUDEPICTURE

"http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/images/art/paduat.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/posters/tolz41.gif" INCLUDEPICTURE

"http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/posters/tolz41t.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET

Quote of the day posters were put up by Hitler Youth and in as many public places as possible. This one is by Joseph Goebbels: "It was the Jews who discovered Marxism. It is

the Jews who for decades have attempted to revolutionize the world with it."

"The Führer Speaks." The family from old to young is gathered round the Volksempfänger, an inexpensive radio receiver, listening to Hitler speak.

This poster advertises a country rally of the Nazi party from 1941 A woman ploughs the field while her husband fights on the front.

HYPERLINK "http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/" http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/

What was it like to live in Nazi Germany ?

How did young people react to the Nazi regime ?

How successful were Nazi policies towards women and the family ?

Why did the Nazis persecute many groups in German society ?

Did most people in Germany benefit from Nazi rule ?

How did the coming of war change life in Nazi Germany ?

Detailed ContentEconomic policy including rearmament. Different experiences of Nazi rule: women and young people, anti-Semitism, persecution of minorities. Opposition to Nazi rule. Impact of the Second World War on Germany. The war economy & Total War. The Holocaust

On the web

UNDERCOVER IN NAZI GERMANY!

HYPERLINK "http://www.activehistory.co.uk/games/spy/spy.htm" http://www.activehistory.co.uk/games/spy/spy.htm

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HYPERLINK "http://www.yadvashem.org" www.yadvashem.org

HYPERLINK "http://www.ushmm.org/" \t "_top" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.ushmm.org/tops/ushmmo.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET

HYPERLINK "http://www.ushmm.org" http://www.ushmm.org



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HYPERLINK "http://www.jlrweb.com/whiterose/" http://www.jlrweb.com/whiterose/

HYPERLINK "http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/index.html" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/gifs/title.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET

HYPERLINK "http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/index.html" http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/index.html

Voices of the Holocaust HYPERLINK "http://www.bl.uk/services/learning/curriculum/voices.html"

http://www.bl.uk/services/learning/curriculum/voices.html

The Nuremberg War Crimes Trials archive HYPERLINK "http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/imt.htm"

http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/imt.htm


GCSE BitesizeGermany


INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/images/banner-genocide.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET

HYPERLINK "http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/genocide/launch_ani_auschwitz_map.shtml" http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/genocide/launch_ani_auschwitz_map.shtml

Year 11February/March

Who was to blame for the Cold War ?

Why did the USA-USSR alliance begin to break down in 1945 ?

How had the USSR gained control of Eastern Europe by 1948 ?

How did the USA react to the Soviet expansionism ?

What were the consequences of the Berlin Blockade ?

Who was more to blame for starting the Cold War ?

Detailed ContentOrigins of Cold War; 1945 summit conferences and breakdown of USA-USSR alliance in 1945-6; Soviet expansionism in Eastern Europe to 1948 and American reactions to it; occupation of Germany and Berlin Blockade.

On the web

HYPERLINK "http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/coldwar/G4/cs1/default.htm" \t "_self" HYPERLINK "http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/coldwar/G2/cs4/default.htm" \t "_self" HYPERLINK "http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/coldwar/G2/cs3/default.htm" \t "_self"

INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/coldwar/G2/images/CS/G2_r3_c7_f2.jpg" \*

MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/coldwar/G2/images/CS/G2_r7_c6_f2.jpg" \*

MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/coldwar/G4/images/CS/G4_r2_c2_f2.jpg" \*

MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/coldwar/G4/cs3/default.htm" \t "_self" INCLUDEPICTURE

"http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/coldwar/G4/images/CS/G4_r5_c3_f2.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK

"http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/coldwar/G4/cs4/default.htm" \t "_self" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/coldwar/G4/images/CS/G4_r7_c6_f2.jpg" \*

MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/coldwar/G3/cs1/default.htm" \t "_self"

INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/coldwar/G3/images/CS/G3_r2_c4_f2.jpg" \*

MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/coldwar/G3/cs2/default.htm" \t "_self" INCLUDEPICTURE



MERGEFORMATINET HYPERLINK "http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/coldwar/"

http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/coldwar/

Democratic and Communist Ideology - Matching Exercise HYPERLINK "http://www.activehistory.co.uk/Miscellaneous/hotpots/gcse/coldwar/ideology.htm" http://www.activehistory.co.uk/Miscellaneous/hotpots/gcse/coldwar/ideology.htm


GCSE BitesizeInternational Relations


Year 11March/April

How effectively did the USA contain the spread ofCommunism ?

USA & Cuba, 1959-1962

USA and Vietnam, 1955-1975

Detailed ContentEvents of Cold War; case studies of American reactions to Cuban Revolution, including Missile Crisis and effects; American involvement in Vietnam War.

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How secure was the USSR's control over Eastern Europe, 1948-1989 ?

Why was there opposition to Soviet control in Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968, and how did the USSR react to this opposition ?

How similar were events in Hungary in 1956 and Czechoslovakia in 1968 ?

Why was the Berlin Wall built in 1961 ?

What was the significance of Solidarity in Poland for the decline of Soviet influence in Eastern Europe ?

How far was Gorbachev personally responsible for the collapse of Soviet control over Eastern Europe ?

Detailed ContentSoviet power in Eastern Europe; resistance to Soviet power in Hungary 1956, Czechoslovakia 1968; causes and consequences of Berlin Wall; Solidarity in Poland; Gorbachev and collapse of Soviet Empire.

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St. George’s British International School LibraryHistory Reading List of Fiction, Biography and Plays.

World War IBreslin, Theresa, Remembrance, Corgi, 2002. 823 BRE GF*Catran, Ken, Letters from the coffin trenches, Out of Print.Cooper, Patrick, Wings to fly, Andersen Press, 2001.Deary, Terry, The frightful First World War and woeful Second World War, Scolastic, 2000. 823 DEA YAF*Harris, Ruth Elwin, The dividing sea, Walker, 2002.Harris, Ruth Elwin, The beckoning hills, Walker, 2002.Harris, Ruth Elwin, The silent sea, Walker, 2002.Harris, Ruth Elwin, Beyond the Orchid House, Walker, 2002.Hemingway, Ernest, A farewell to arms, Heinemann, 1985. 823 HEM GF*Johns, Captain W.E., Biggles learns to fly, Red Fox, 1992.Lawrence, Iain, Lord of the Nutcracker menINCLUDEPICTURE \d \z "images/stars/4star.gif", Collins, 2002.McKay, Sharon E., Charlie Wilcox, Out of Print.Montgomery, Lucy Maud, Rilla of Ingleside, Atlantic Books, 1985.Morpurgo, Michael, Private Peaceful, Collins, 2003.Remarque, Erich Maria, All quiet on the Western Front, Heinemann, 1970. 823 REM GF*Riordan, James, War song, Oxford University Press, 2002.Robinson, Derek, War story, Cassell, 2001.

China and Japan 1920s and 30sChang, Jung, Wild Swans, Flamingo, 2003. Golden, Arthur, Memoirs of a geisha, Longman, 2000. 823 GOL GF*Grant, Pamela, When a girl is born, Oxford University Press, 1993. 823 GRA YAF*Hearn, Liam, Across the nightingale floor, Macmillan, 2003. 823 HEA YAF*Kawabata, Yasunari, The master of Go, Penguin, 1985. 823 KAW GF*Mah, Adeline Yen, Chinese Cinderella, Pearson, 2002. 823 MAH GF*

Inter War EuropeDahl, Roald, Boy, Penguin, 1984. 920 DAH YAF*Hill, Archie, Summer’s end, Pergamon, 1979. 823 HIL YAF*Watts, Irene N., Goodbye Marianne, Floris, 2000.

Watts, Irene N., Remember Me, Floris, 2001.Watts, Irene N., Finding Sophie, Floris, 2002.

The Rise of the Nazis and Life in Nazi EuropeBrecht, Bertolt, The resistable rise of Arturo Ui (play), Methuen, 2002.Frank, Anne, The diary of Anne Frank, Heinemann, 940.53 FRA YAF*Frank, Rudolf, No hero for the Kaiser, Richard Drew, 1987. 823 FRA YAF*Holm, Anne, I am David, Heinemann. 1981. 823 HOL YAF*Isherwood, Christopher, Goodbye to Berlin, Hogarth Press, 1939. 823 ISH GF*Jung, Reinhardt, Dreaming in black and white, Egmont, 2000. 823 JUN YAF*Kerr, Judith, When Hitler stole Pink Rabbit, Collins, 1998.Orgel, Doris, Devil in Vienna, Heinemann, 1991. 823 ORG YAF*Richter, Hans Peter, Friedrich, Heinemann, 1978. 823 RIC YAF*Richter, Hans Peter, I was there, Out of Print.Serraillier, Ian, The silver sword, Puffin, 1960Wiesel, Elie, Night, Penguin, 1981.

Cold War LeCarre, John, The spy who came in from the cold, Richard Clay, 1963. 823 LEC GF*LeCarre, John, The Russia House, Hodder and Stoughton, 1980. 823 LEC GF*LeCarre, John, A perfect spy, Hodder and Stoughton, 1986. 823 LEC GF*

* Titles available from the School Library

Past IGCSE History Questions

The Treaty of Versailles

The most controversial clause of all in the Treaty of Versailles was Article 231.This stated that ‘Germany accepts the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied governments and their people have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.’

(a) In what ways did the Treaty of Versailles weaken the German economy? [5 ]

(b) Why did Germany dislike the Treaty of Versailles? [7 ]

To what extent was the Treaty of Versailles a sensible treaty in the circumstances of the time? Explain your answer. [8 ]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(a) In what ways did the Treaty of Versailles weaken the German economy? 5

(b) Why did Germany dislike the Treaty of Versailles? 7

(c) To what extent was the Treaty of Versailles a sensible treaty in the circumstances of the time? Explain your answer. 8…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(a) What were Germany’s main territorial losses under the Treaty of Versailles?

(b) Why was Germany dissatisfied with the peace treaty?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(a) In what ways did the Treaty of Versailles weaken the German economy?Level 1 General answer 1-2e.g. 'The financial impact was high.''They lost important land.''Unemployment rose.''They could not meet repayments.'Level 2 Describes ways 2-5e.g. 'Germany had to accept full blame for starting the wars and had topay reparations of £6600 million.'

'A reduction in the numbers in the armed forces increasedunemployment.''The Saar and Upper Silesia were lost. These were important industrialareas.'

(b) Why did Germany dislike the Treaty of Versailles?Level 1 General answer/describes terms of Treaty 1e.g. 'It was unfair/harsh.’Level 2 Identifies why 2-4e.g. 'It was a diktat.''It ignored the 14 points.''It reduced the armed forces.''It would stop them recovering.''They were humiliated.'Level 3 Explains why 4-7e.g. 'They were not allowed to attend the Paris peace conference. Theterms were presented to Germany without negotiation.''They had been forced to accept the responsibility for the war and thedamage caused and therefore had to pay reparations.''The amount of reparations was extremely high and this led tohyperinflation.''It reduced the armed forces whilst others did not, thus reducing itssymbol of pride.''It lost territory. Its colonies and the Saar and Upper Silesia wereimportant to the German economy. This was humiliating.''Under the 14 points other countries were granted self-determination butAnschluss with Austria was forbidden and in Czechoslovakia Germanswere ruled by non-Germans.'

(c) To what extent was the Treaty of Versailles a sensible treaty in thecircumstances of the time? Explain your answer.Level 1 Unsupported assertions 1e.g. 'It was because it ensured fighting ended.'Level 2 Identifies why 2-3e.g. 'It was dealing with complex problems.''There was demand for revenge.''A less harsh treaty would not have satisfied public opinion.''It did not meet the thoughts of the Big three leaders.''Germany had to pay 6600m.' (Identifies clauses)Level 3 Explains why it was sensible OR not 3-5e.g. 'Germany had to pay reparations for all the damage caused.''It returned land (Alsace-Lorraine) that Germany had captured in earliertimes.''It could not have been sensible as it was imposed - a diktat.''Germany had already agreed to many of the terms in the armistice.'‘With hindsight the Treaty helped to create the Nazi regime in Germany.'Level 4 Explains why it might AND might not be sensible atthe time 5-7e.g. 'The war had been very severe. The victors were determined thatthe terms were so severe that there was no chance of hostilities

breaking out again.''The agreed armistice terms impacted on the peace treaty. Germany hadaccepted the principle of reparations, the loss of Alsace-Lorraine and thearmy leave the left bank of the Rhine. It should therefore not have beena surprise when they appeared in the final peace treaty.''All the politicians at the peace conference were under pressure to meetthe expectations of public opinion not make the peace treaty theywanted and there had to be compromise.''It was a view that if Germany had won they would have enforced a moresevere treaty as they had done against Russia in March 1918.''It set up a body, the League of Nations to deal with any unresolvedissues.''Each of the big three thought that it might have been different. Therewas a fear that the harshness might result in further war (Britain) whilstFrance thought it should have been more severe to punish Germany forearlier events.'Level 5 Explains with evaluation of ‘to what extent - at that time’ 8

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(a) Describe mandates and plebiscites 5

(b) Explain why the treaty was harsh on Germany 7

Evaluate how far Germans accepted the treaty by end of 1923 8………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(a) Describe the French occupation of the Ruhr, and the German reaction to it.

Why did the Treaty of Versailles cause problems for Germany in the 1920s?

(c) How successful was the League of Nations in dealing with international disputes in the 1920s. Explain your answer

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(a) Describe Wilson’s aims

Explain why Germany was treated severely

(c) Did the treaties satisfy the victors. Explain your answer.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

League & Italy & Japan

(c) How successful was the League of Nations in dealing with disputes during the1920s? Explain your answer.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Study the extract and then answer the questions which follow.

If one dictator cannot be stopped from attacking Abyssinia,nothing can stop another dictator from attacking Lithuania,Memel and Austria.If the League of Nations fails to prevent war,security will end,not only for the small nations,but for France and Czechoslovakia as well.A British MP speaking in Parliament,1 August 1935.

What was the Hoare-Laval Pact?[5 ]

Why was the conquest of Abyssinia by Italy not prevented by the League of Nations?[7 ]

(c) To what extent can the outbreak of war in 1939 be blamed upon the failure of the League of Nations?Explain your answer.[8 ]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Study the extract,and then answer the questions which follow.

The League may be a difficult scheme to work,but the significant thing is that the Powers have promised to make it work. Mankind has,in the short space of ten years,jumped from the old order to the new. We are witnessing one of the great miracles of history.From a speech made in 1930.

Describe two successes the League of Nations had in the 1920s in solving disputes.[5 ]

Why was the League of Nations quite successful in the first ten years of its existence?[7 ]

(c) ‘The good work of the League was destroyed by the Depression of the 1930s.’ Do you agree? Explain your answer.[8 ]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Describe the attacks that Japan made on China in the 1930s.[5 ]

Why was Italy able to defeat the Abyssinians?[7 ]

(c) How important for events in Europe were Hitler ’s pacts with Italy and Japan?Explain your answer.[8 ]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Study the extract, and then answer the questions which follow.

Article 16: Should any member of the League resort to war, it shall be regarded as havingcommitted an act of war against all other members of the League, and this will end immediately all trade and financial relations with that member.From the Covenant of the League of Nations.

How did the League of Nations hope to prevent future wars between nations? [5]

Why did the League of Nations fail to restrict the aggression of Japan in the 1930s? [7]

(c) How far was the League of Nations a failure? Explain your answer. [8]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(a) What was the Hoare-Laval Pact?

(b) Why was the conquest of Abyssinia by Italy not prevented by the League ofNations?

(c) To what extent can the outbreak of war in 1939 be blamed upon the failure ofthe League of Nations? Explain your answer.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(a) How did the League of Nations hope to prevent future wars betweennations?Level 1 General answer 1-2e.g. ‘By dealing with the problem.’‘Apply sanctions.’‘By co-operation.’‘By ending trade and financial relations.’ (Source)Level 2 Describes ways 2-5e.g. ‘By giving all members equal voting rights.’‘By maintaining the peace settlement.’‘By getting the quarrelling members to talk about their problems.’‘By condemning an aggressor – so they felt guilty and backed down.’‘Imposing economic sanctions.’‘Through the use of collective security.’‘Through the encouragement of nations to disarm.’

(b) Why did the League of Nations fail to restrict the aggression of Japan inthe 1930s?Level 1 General answer 1e.g. ‘It did not have the strength.’‘It was not prepared to take action.’Level 2 Identifies why 2-4e.g. ‘Japan ignored the League.’‘It was too far away.’‘The investigation took too long.’‘Unwilling to impose economic or military sanctions.’ (2 marks)Level 3 Explains why 4-7e.g. ‘Japan was a powerful nation and was determined to ignore theLeague. The League was powerless.’‘Asia was a long way away and not seen as vital to the countries inEurope.’‘It was thought that Japan had legitimate economic interests inManchuria.’‘China was weak and some members of the League welcomed theimposition of order.’‘It instigated an investigation (Lytton) which took over a year tocomplete by which time the invasion was complete.’‘Japan refused to hand back Manchuria and left the League.’‘Members were unwilling to impose economic sanctions as theDepression was already damaging world trade.’‘The Powers were unwilling to impose military action for fear ofJapanese attacks on Far East colonies.’

(c) How far was the League of Nations a failure? Explain your answer.Level 1 Unsupported assertions 1e.g. ‘It was not a failure in the 1920s.’‘It was a failure because it was weak.’Level 2 Identifies impact 2-3e.g. ‘It failed because it did nothing about Manchuria or Abyssinia.’‘It was a failure because the Second World War started.’‘It was a failure because it failed to get disarmament.’‘It failed because they had to introduce other treaties and pacts.’‘It had success in 1920/1 over minor disputes.’‘It was affected by the Great Depression.’‘It was successful in getting refugees back home, improving workingconditions and health.’Level 3 Explains failure OR success 3-6Level 4 Explains failure AND success 5-7Candidates may well use specific incidents to explain failure (orsuccess). These should be credited.e.g. ‘The League was a failure over Abyssinia as it failed to imposedappropriate meaningful sanctions, such as oil, and thus allowedItalian aggression.’‘It was a failure because it was not powerful enough as America wasnot a member. This made economic sanctions ineffective in forexample Abyssinia.’

‘Countries such as Britain and France were reluctant to act unlesstheir own interests were threatened as in Manchuria.’‘The impact of the Depression was great and encouraged countries tolook after themselves such as Germany and the growth of the Nazis.’‘The league was a failure as it allowed countries such as Germany torearm and this resulted in the Second World War.’‘The League failed in the 1920s to bring about disarmament with theWashington Conference being as close as it came.’‘Its work had to be assisted by the Locarno Treaties which resolvedleft over problems from the war and the Kellogg-Briand Pact thatencouraged the settlement of disputes by peaceful means.’‘The successes of the League came in the 1920s when it dealtsuccessfully with minor disputes over the Aaland Islands and in UpperSilesia.’‘The League successfully dealt with refugees in Turkey and work todefeat leprosy. It freed large numbers of slaves in Sierra Leone.’Level 5 Explains and evaluates ‘how far’ 8

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Describe how peace treaties affected France

(b) Explain why some countries viewed setting up the LoN with suspicion

(c) Did the structural weaknesses of the League cause it’s failure ? Explain your answer.

Causes of World War 2


I now have to inform the House that in the event of any action which clearly threatened Polish independence and which the Polish Government accordingly considered it vital to resist with their armed forces, His Majesty’s Government would feel themselves bound at

once to lend the Polish Government all support in their power. They have given the Polish Government an assurance to this effect.

British Prime Minister Chamberlain speaking in the House of Commons, 31 March 1939.

When Hitler came to power, what did he hope to achieve in foreign policy? [5]

Why did Britain go to war over Poland in 1939? [7]

(c) How far was the Treaty of Versailles to blame for the outbreak of war in 1939? Explain your answer. [8]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Study the photograph, and then answer the questions which follow.

German people in the Saar celebrating the results of the 1935 plebiscite.

How did the 1935 plebiscite change the situation in the Saar? [5]

Explain why Hitler wanted the Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939. [7]

(c) ‘The policy of appeasement was justified.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [8]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(a) When Hitler came to power, what did he hope to achieve in foreign policy?

(b) Why did Britain go to war over Poland in 1939?

(c) How far was the Treaty of Versailles to blame for the outbreak of war in 1939? Explain your answer

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(a) Describe the way Hitler broke Treaty of Versailles from 1933 to end of 1938

(b) Explain why UK and France followed policy of appeasement

Evaluate the view that ‘Hitler was a gambler rather than a planner’ in foreign affairs.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Describe the events leading to Anschluss

Explain why Britain and France allowed Anschluss

(c) Hitler’s policies towards Austria and Czechoslovakia were a complete success. Do you agree ?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(a) Describe the Munich agreement

(b) Explain why Nazi-Soviet pact was important

(c) WWII was caused by British-French mistakes in 1938-39. Do you agree ?

Weimar and Nazi Germany

(a) Describe the Munich Putsch.

(b) Why did support for the Nazis increase after the Wall Street Crash of 1929?

(c) How important was the ‘Night of the Long Knives’ in establishing Hitler inpower in 1933-34? Explain your answer.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(a) Describe the use of propaganda by Hitler to control the German people.

(b) Why was it important to win the hearts and minds of young people?

(c) How popular was the Nazi regime with the German people? Explain youranswer.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Photo of a Freikorps unit in Munich, May 1919.

(a) Describe the activities of the Freikorps in Germany,1919 –20 .[5 ]

(b) Why were there so many uprisings and disturbances in Germany in the years 1919 –22? [7 ]

(c) How far was Germany ’s treatment in the Versailles peace settlement unfair? Explain your answer. [8 ]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9 Study the poster, and then answer the questions which follow.

A 1932 election poster. It says ‘We want work and bread. Elect Hitler’.

Describe the Munich Putsch. [5]

Why did the support for the Nazis increase after the Wall Street Crash of 1929? [7]

(c) How important was the ‘Night of the Long Knives’ in establishing Hitler in power in 1933–34? Explain your answer. [8]

Study the picture of crowds at the 1936 Nazi Party rally in Nuremberg, and then answer the questions which follow.

Describe the use of propaganda by Hitler to control the German people. [5]

Why was it important to win the hearts and minds of young people? [7]

(c) How popular was the Nazi regime with the German people? Explain your answer. [8]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………


As soon as I received my salary, I rushed out to buy the daily necessities. My daily salary, as editor of a magazine, was just enough to buy one loaf of bread and a small piece of cheese. An acquaintance of mine, a clergyman, came to Berlin from a suburb with his

monthly salary to buy a pair of shoes for his baby. By the time he arrived, he could only afford to buy a cup of coffee.The recollections of a woman who lived in Berlin during 1923.

Describe the effects of the hyperinflation of 1923 on the lives of German people. [5]

Why did France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr in 1923? [7]

(c) How far did Stresemann restore pride and prosperity to Germany? Explain your answer. [8]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Study the extract, and then answer the questions which follow.The Reich Press Law of 4 October 1933 ordered that all editors had to be German citizens, of Aryan descent, and not married to a Jew. They had to keep out of their newspapers ‘anything which in any manner is misleading to the public, tends to weaken the strength of the German Reich, or offends the honour and dignity of Germany’.

What was the Enabling Law of March 1933? [5]

Why did Hitler seek to control all forms of the media? [7]

(c) How far had Hitler’s policies gained the support of the German people by 1939? Explain your answer. [8]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Study the extract,and then answer the questions which follow.

A Jew may not be a citizen of the Reich.He has no vote.He may not fill public office.Marriagesbetween Jews and nationals of German or similar blood are forbidden.Extract from the Nuremberg Laws,September 1935.

Describe the treatment of the Jews in Nazi Germany from 1935.[5 ]

Why were the Jews persecuted by the Nazis?[7 ]

(c) By the end of the 1930s,did Hitler rule Germany by oppression or by popular support? Explain your answer.[8 ]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Study the extract and then answer the questions which follow.

I want now to fulfil the vow which I made to myself five years ago when I was in a military hospital: to know neither rest nor peace until the November criminals had been overthrown and until,on the ruins of the wretched Germany of today,there should have arisen once more a Germany of power and greatness,of freedom and splendour.

Hitler speaking at the Munich beer-hall meeting before the putsch of 1923.

Describe the Munich Putsch of 1923.[5 ]

Why did the Nazi Party make little progress in Germany before 1930?[7 ]

(c) Did the election results of 1930 –33 prove that the people of Germany supported Hitler ’s ideas and policies? Explain your answer.[8 ]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Study the extracts and then answer the questions which follow.

(i)Numbers of 10 –18 year olds in Hitler Youth organisations (boys and girls)1933:2.3 million1934:3.9 million1935:5.9 million1936:7.3 million

(ii)Goebbels ’ view of the place of women in the German Reich was ‘Woman has the task of being beautiful and bringing children into the world.’

Describe the activities of the Hitler Youth organisations.[5 ]

Why did the Nazis want to change and control women ’s roles?[7 ]

(c) How successful were Nazi policies towards young people?Explain your answer.[8 ]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(a) Describe the activities of the Hitler Youth organisations.

(b) Why did the Nazis want to change and control women's roles?

(c) How successful were Nazi policies towards young people? Explain youranswer.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(a) Describe the use of propaganda by Hitler to control the German people.

(b) Why was it important to win the hearts and minds of young people?

(c) How popular was the Nazi regime with the German people? Explain youranswer.

(a) Describe the Munich Putsch.

(b) Why did support for the Nazis increase after the Wall Street Crash of 1929?

(c) How important was the ‘Night of the Long Knives’ in establishing Hitler inpower in 1933-34? Explain your answer.

Level 1 Unsupported assertions 1e.g. ‘Very, as after he had tighter control.’

Level 2 Identifies path to dictatorship 2-3e.g. ‘Rohm was a challenge to Hitler.’‘Hitler was concerned about the SA.’‘Hitler became Chancellor.’‘The Nazi party gained control.’‘Rohm, Strasser and von Schleicher were arrested.’‘The Enabling Act was passed.’‘It eliminated opposition.’

Level 3 Explains importance OR other reasons 3-5Level 4 Explains importance AND other reasons 5-7e.g. ‘Rohm was a potential rival to Hitler. He was a leading member of the SA.On 30th June 1934 Hitler arrested Rohm and other leaders using the SS. Theywere taken to Munich and shot.’‘Over the next few days other leaders including Gregor Strasser were

arrested and shot. He had removed his rivals and tightened his control.’‘On behalf of Hitler, Papen persuaded Hindenburg to invite Hitler to becomeChancellor despite only three Nazis being in the government. This was on 30thJanuary 1933’‘On 27th February the Reichstag was set on fire. Lubbe was arrested andfound guilty. Hitler used this as evidence of a communist plot.’‘On the night of the fire 4000 leading communists were arrested andimprisoned and used the fire to intensify anti-communist hysteria.’ Hindenburgpassed an emergency decree to suspend all the articles in the constitutionthat guaranteed personal liberty.’‘Hitler won full control in the March 1933 elections. To do this he banned thecommunist party and shut down their newspapers. He used the SA tointimidate opponents.’‘He introduced the Enabling Act in March 1933 which gave him power to passlaws without the consent of the Reichstag.’‘Following this Act Hitler closed down the state parliaments and appointedNazis as state governors. He arrested trade union leaders and merged theunions into a “German Labour Front” and made a law that the only politicalparty was the Nazi Party.’‘In August 1934 Hindenburg died and Hitler used the opportunity to declarehimself Fuhrer of Germany.’

Level 5 Explains opposition and evaluates ‘how important’ 8

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