BEN Group Assignment

APIIT SD INDIA

Business environmentABUS001-3-1

Group Assignment

GHANA PEST ANALYSISDate Due 15th Nov. 2008

SUBMITTED BY: - SUBMITTED TO: -

Pargat Singh (Group Leader) Pt0881158 Dr. Rekha Sharma

Vishal Agarwal Pt0881137

Abhishek Kumar Jha Pt0881155

Kumar Rajiv Ranjan Pt0881104

BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

It is our pleasure to be able to thank all those people who helped us in making our

assignment a success. First of all, we want to thank our Business Environment Lecturer

Dr. Rekha Sharma who guided us very well. She has given us the required guidance as and

when we have approached her. We also want to thank our college’s literary attaindent sir

Mr. Rajneesh who provided us each and every book we demanded.

Pargat Singh (Group Leader) Pt0881158

Vishal Agarwal Pt0881137

Abhishek Kumar Jha Pt0881155

Kumar Rajiv Ranjan Pt0881104

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

TABLE OF CONTENT

Topics Page No.

1. INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………..4

2. POLITICAL ANALYSIS …………………………………………………....6

3. ECONOMICAL ANALYSIS ……………………………………………….10

4. SOCIAL ANALYSIS ……………………………………………………….16

5. TECHNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS …………………………………………. 19

6. CONCLUSION ……………………………………………………………...23

7. REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………24

8. PICTURE REFERENCES ……………………………………………….. .. .25

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

IN TROD UCTION

Geography

Ghana is a small country of African Continent situated at western Africa. It is

surrounded by Cote d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso and Togo in west, north and east respectively. It

also has a coastline of 539km with ‘Gulf of Guinea’ in south. It acquires total area of 239,460

sq km. Ghana has mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area. Being only

a few degrees north of the equator Ghana’s climate is tropical in nature which is warm and

comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north.

Lake Volta, the world's largest artificial lake, extends through large portions of eastern

Ghana. Accra, the most populated city, is the capital of Ghana

(The World Factbook)

Half of the country lies less than 152 meters (500 ft.) above sea level, and the highest

point is 883 meters (2,900 ft.). The 537-kilometer (334-mi.) coastline is mostly a low, sandy

shore backed by plains and scrub and intersected by several rivers and streams, most of

which are navigable only by canoe. A tropical rain forest belt, broken by heavily forested

hills and many streams and rivers, extends northward from the shore, near the Cote d'Ivoire

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

frontier. This area produces most of the country's

cocoa, minerals, and timber. North of this belt, the

country varies from 91 to 396 meters (300 ft.-1,300

ft.) above sea level and is covered by low bush,

park-like savanna, and grassy plains. Annual

rainfall in the coastal zone averages 83 centimeters.Aburi hills

Back ground

Ghana was formed in 1957 from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and

the Togoland trust territory. It was the first sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its

independence. Modern Ghana takes its name from the ancient kingdom of Ghana, some 800

km (500 miles) to the north of present-day Accra, which flourished up to the eleventh century

AD.

Ghana endured a long series of coups before Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS took power in 1981

and banned political parties. In 1992 new constitution was approved and multiparty politics

were restored. RAWLINGS won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was

constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. John KUFUOR succeeded

him and was reelected in 2004. KUFUOR is constitutionally barred from running for a third

term in upcoming Presidential elections, which are scheduled for December 2008.

In recent years, Ghana has emerged as a major importer of goods from countries all

over the world. Ghana has established itself as one of the prime business centers in the West

African region and has earned the reputation of being the leading distribution centre of the

region.

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

P OLIT ICAL ANALYSIS

Ghana has faced many ups and down in its political environment. After getting

independence from British Empire in 1957, many alternating military and civilian

governments have ruled over it. The major political parties are:-

National Democratic Congress

New Patriotic Party

People's National Convention

People's Convention Party

Political highlights

1957 - independence, Nkrumah of CPP is PM, 2 key parties

1960 - declared republic, one party system, presidential system

1966 - military overthrow of 1st republic

1969 - 2nd republic, Busia of PP is PM, 2 key parties 

1972 - military overthrow of 2nd republic

1978 - palace coup to restructure military government

1979 - junior officer uprising and military housecleaning

1979 - ushered third republic, Limann of PNP is President, 3 parties 

1981 - overthrow of the constitutional PNP gov't by the PNDC military junta

1983 - Attempted overthrow of the PNDC junta by other junior army men

1992 - Rawlings of NDC is Dem elected as President, 2 parties*

1996 - Rawlings of NDC is re-elected, 2 parties

2001 - Kuffour (NPP) is President

2005 - Kufuor begins second-term in office

Government type Constitutional democracy

A dministrative Divisions Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra,

Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western

* Fraud allegations led to an electoral boycott resulting in an effective one party system. Also, marks the first

time when the head of a military regime had contested in an election.

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

Political Stability

Ghana offers a relatively stable and predictable political environment for investors.

There is no indication at present that the level of political risk

in Ghana will change markedly over the near term. Peaceful

and fair presidential and parliamentary elections were held on

December 7, 2004. Incumbent President, John Agyekum

Kufuor of the National Patriotic Party, was reelected for a

second four-year term, marking a fourth consecutive

democratic election. {The World Factbook}

Irrespective of the politically unstable past, currently

political environment of Ghana seems much stable. Ghana

has shown stable political environment for over 2 decades with John Agyekum Kufuor

Multi-Party Democracy since 1992. Now the political parties have became more mature.

They are now finding new ways to help trade and business in Ghana and hence help its

economy to get new heights.

Current Ruling Political Leaders

President John Agyekum Kufuor

Vice President Alhaji Aliu Mahama

Min. of Trade, Industry, & Private Sector Joseph Baidoe-Ansah

Development

Min. of Finance & Economic Planning Kwadwo Baah-Wiredu

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

Trade Regulations and Tariffs

The trade regulation and tariffs impose by government could strongly influence the

international trade of that particular country.

The governments of countries of West Africa including Ghana are working towards

achieving monetary and currency integration by introducing a common currency called

“Ecoi” throughout the West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ). The common currency will

be initially introduced in the member countries of the West African Monetary Zone

(WAMZ). These countries include Ghana,

Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Gambia, Guinea and

Liberia and the Union Monetaire I’ovest

Africaine (UMOA) countries made up of

Benin, Togo, Cote d'Ivoire, Niger,

Mauritania, Senegal, Burkina Faso, and

ECOWAS Headquarters Mali. By integrating the two blocs of UMOA and

WAMZ, the west African countries are looking to form a trade bloc that could have a bigger

say in international markets and promote a better economic outlook for the entire region. The

first step towards the economic integration of West Africa was taken in 1975 when Economic

Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was established. Currently Ghana’s President

is the chairman of ECOWAS.

{Common currency for west Africa}

By having a common economy Ghana can help better in flourishing its trade and

business. Integration of the economies of West African countries, will lead to the creation of

a single regional market. Obviously the trade regulations and tariffs applied on international

business will lower down or can even disappear. The integration will strengthen the

economic stability via increased trade exchanges and new opportunities for external

investment.

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

Pricing Regulation

Although the economic policy conducted by the authorities is generally based on free

market principles, the Minister of Economy in Ghana still intervenes in price-fixing for some

sectors of the economy. Actually this intervention is necessary when competition cannot

work optimally in the sectors concerned or when these sectors have a strong social

dimension. In Ghana, the Public Utilities Regulatory Commission (PURC) is set-up by

government to deal with tariff issues and price regulations. The Ghanian government also

considers about rights of investors along with consumers while fixing the prices of goods.

Wage legislation

In wage legislation government sets a minimum hourly, daily, or monthly wage that

employers may legally pay to employees or workers. Equivalently, it is the lowest wage at

which workers may sell their labor. Most developing countries have minimum wage laws

which, in principle, guarantee low-skilled workers a wage high enough to cover their basis

needs.

Ghana joined the International Labour Organization in 1957 and immediately the

Convention Peoples Party (CPP) Government ratified many of the ILO Conventions

including minimum wage fixing. The National Daily Minimum Wage has gone up from its

pre 13,500 cedis a day to 16,000 cedis, about 18.51 per cent and takes effect from March 1,

2006 {Minimum wage goes up}

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

E CONO MIC ANALYSIS

Ghana is well endowed with natural resources. It has twice the per capita output of the

poorer countries in West Africa. The economy of Ghana, West Africa has a diverse and rich

resource base, and as such, has one of the highest GDP per capita in Africa. Ghana remains

somewhat dependent on international financial Since this African country is known as the

ground of diamond so there are too many sources of foreign

exchange.Gold,timber, cocoa, diamond, bauxite, and manganese, exports are major sources

of foreign exchange. An oilfield which is reported to contain up to 3 billion barrels

(480,000,000 m3) of light oil was discovered in 2007.Oil exploration is ongoing and, the

amount of oil continues to increase.

The domestic economy continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which

accounts for 50% of GDP and employs 85% of the work force, mainly small landholders.

Ghana made progress under a three-year structural adjustment program in cooperation with

the IMF. On the negative side, public sector wage increases and regional peacekeeping

commitments have led to continued inflationary deficit financing, depreciation of the Cedi,

and rising public discontent with Ghana's austerity measures.. Political uncertainty and a

depressed cocoa market led to disappointing growth in 2000. A rebound in the cocoa market

should push growth over 4% in 2001-02. Even so, Ghana remains one of the more

economically sound countries in all of Africa.

Currency Valuation:

The country has since July, 2007, embarked on a currency re-denomination exercise,

from Cedi (¢) to the new currency, the Ghana Cedi (GH¢). The transfer rate is 1 Ghana Cedi

for every 10,000 Cedis. The Bank of Ghana has embarked upon an aggressive media

campaign to educate the public about what re-denomination entails. The new Ghana Cedi is

now exchanging at a rate of $1 USD =Gh¢ 0.93

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

1 cedi (C) = 100 pesewas

Exchange RatesCedis per US dollar - 6,895.77 (January 2001), 5,321.68 (2000), 2,647.32 (1999),

2,314.15 (1998), 2,050.17 (1997), 1,637.23 (1996) ;

Depreciation: 4.7% against the US dollar (2003)

Value Added Tax

It is a consumption tax administered in Ghana. The tax regime which started in 1998

had a single rate but since September 2007 entered into a multiple rate regime. In 1998, the

rate of tax was 10% and amended in 2000 to 12.5%. However with the passage of Act 734 of

2007, a 3% VAT Flat Rate Scheme (VFRS) began to operate for the retail distribution sector.

This allows retailers of taxable goods under Act 546 to charge a marginal 3% on their sales

and account on same to the VAT Service

Unemployment Rate

Ghana is endowed with enormous human and material resources but these resources

have not been optimally utilized. Ghanaian employers normally complain about the quality

of recent graduates while the graduates complain of lack of jobs. These human resources

have not been adequately channeled to profitable investments to bring about maximum

economic benefits. As a result, Ghana has been bedeviled with unemployment and poverty.

According to world face book Ghana's unemployment rate currently stands at 20 percent, the

2008.The economic growth rate of Ghana has not always been accompanied by decline in

unemployment and poverty as would be expected.

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

CHART OF UNEMPLOYMENT RATE

YearUnemployment

rateRank

Percent Change

Date of Information

2003 20.00 % 48   1997

2004 20.00 % 46 0.00 % 1997

2005 20.00 % 150 0.00 % 1997

2006 20.00 % 159 0.00 % 1997

2007 20.00 % 160 0.00 % 1997

2008 11.00 % 127 -45.00 % 2000

{ Unemployment rate rises }

Inflation Rate The Inflation rate of Ghana had declined steadily, particularly over the last decade.

Ghana's poverty rate has also come down markedly; from 51.7%.It means that government is

trying to make the best environment to manage its economy through the combined actions of

fiscal and monetary policies.

Year Inflation rate (consumer prices) Rank Percent

ChangeDate of

Information2003 14.50 % 22   2002 est.2004 26.70 % 9 84.14 % 2003 est.2005 13.00 % 206 -51.31 % 2004 est.2006 15.10 % 210 16.15 % 2005 est.2007 10.90 % 193 -27.81 % 2006 est.2008 11.00 % 196 0.92 % 2007 est.

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

Economic Growth Rate GDP: $5.9 billion (2002) GDP per Capita: $1,980 (2002) GDP Growth rate: 5.2 (2004 by Gov't) GNP/Capita: $1,900 (2000 est.) -A measure of per capita income that takes into

account relative purchasing power across countries. GDP - composition by sector: : agriculture: 36% industry: 25% services: 39%

(2000 est.) Income per capita: US$290 (2002) Income per capita growth: 1.3 (1999-2000) Gross national income: 6.6 billion (ranking 102)

Year Gross domestic product based on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) per capita GDP

Percent Change

1998 922.132 3.21 %

1999 952.556 3.30 %

2000 984.509 3.35 %

2001 1024.13 4.02 %

2002 1062.26 3.72 %

2003 1113.311 4.81 %

2004 1176.443 5.67 %

2005 1251.441 6.37 %

2006 1338.936 6.99 %

2007 1426.076 6.51 %

2008 1515.674 6.28 %

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

Trade

Exports: US$2,297.2 million (2003); US$1,867.1m (2001); US$2,015.2m (2002) Commodities: cocoa 45%, gold, timber, tuna, bauxite, and aluminum

Partners: Germany 29%, UK 12%, US 12%, Japan 5% --

Imports: US$2.83bn (2002) Commodities: petroleum 16%, consumer goods,foods,intermediate goods,

capital equipment Partners: UK 23%, US 11%, Germany 10%, Japan 6%

Electricity

Production: 5.466 billion kWh (1999) Production by source: fossil fuel: 26.82% hydro: 73.18% nuclear: 0% other: 0%

(1999) Consumption: 5.573 billion kWh (1999) Exports: 400 million kWh (1999) Imports: 890 million kWh (1999)

Industries

Production: growth rate 5.7% in manufacturing (1997); accounts for almost 15% of GDP

Main: mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum, food processing

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

Labour

Labor force: 9 million Labor force (by occupation): agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25% Unemployment rate: 11% Minimum daily wage: 10,500 Cedis

Year Labor force Rank Percent ChangeDate of

Information

2003 9,000,000 48   2000 est.

2004 10,000,000 43 11.11 % 2003 est.

2005 10,240,000 43 2.40 % 2004 est.

2006 10,620,000 41 3.71 % 2005 est.

2007 10,870,000 40 2.35 % 2006 est.

2008 11,290,000 41 3.86 % 2007 est.

{ Index Mundi }

Investment rate

Year Investment (gross fixed) (%)

2004 24.5

2005 19.7

2006 23.3

2007 29

2008 31.3

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

SOCIAL A NALYSIS

DemographicsPopulation 23,382,848 (in 2008)

Population growth rate 1.928% (in 2008 est)

Population Density (Overall) 63 persons per square kilometer (in 1990)

Age structure (in 2008)

0-14 years 37.8% (male 4,470,382/female 4,360,359) 

15-64 years:  58.7% (male 6,852,363/female 6,866,470) 

65 years and over: 3.6% (male 386,150/female 447,124) (2008 est.)

Literacy (in 2000)

Total population 57.9% 

Male 66.4% 

Female 49.8%

Religions

Christian 68.8%

Muslim 15.9%

Traditional 8.5%

Other 0.7%

None 6.1%

Languages (in 2000)

Asante 14.8%

Ewe 12.7%

Fante 9.9%

Boron (Brong) 4.6%

Dagomba 4.3%

Dangme 4.3%

Dagarte (Dagaba) 3.7%

Akyem 3.4%

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

Ga 3.4%

Akuapem 2.9%

other 36.1% (includes English (official))

Ethnic groups

Akan 45.3%

Mole-Dagbon 15.2%

Ewe 11.7%

Ga-Dangme 7.3%

Guan 4%

Gurma 3.6%

Grusi 2.6%

Mande-Busanga 1%

Other tribes 1.4%

Other 7.8%

Life expectancy at birth (in 2008 est.)

Total population 59.49 years 

Male 58.65 years 

Female 60.35 years[1]

EducationFormal education in Ghana preceded colonization. The first schools were established

by European merchants and missionaries. During the colonial period, a formal state

education structure was modeled on the British system. This structure has been through a

series of reforms since Ghana gained its independence in 1957. In the 1980s, further reforms

have brought the structure of the education system closer to an American model.

he first nationalist government, headed by Nkrumah, accelerated plan for education.

With legislation, he made primary education free and compulsory. Before this time, most of

the schools belonged to religious bodies or the communities themselves and parents paid for

school. Government took over the management of schools. The 1961 Education Act made

elementary schools (junior secondary or middle) free and compulsory. Students began their 6

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

year primary education at the age of six. They then moved on to 4 years elementary/middle

school. They then moved on to a 5 years secondary education, followed by 2 years of college

preparatory education. It took 17 years to complete the pre-university education, however,

some were allowed to complete it earlier, if they

were academically ready. At the time of

independence in 1957, Ghana had only one

university and a handful of secondary and

primary schools. 

Ghana's educational System is highly

centralized. The Ministry of Education and its

agencies are responsible for the entire

educational system in the country. Entrance to

universities is by examination following

completion of senior secondary school. A

National Accreditation Board began in 1990. It is in charge of accrediting programs in all

national institutions. This does not affect the university because the university has had a very

long existence. It is particularly responsible for polytechnics. The programs must be the right

ones and accredited...or the program can't be run. Ghana has 12,130 primary schools, 5,450

junior secondary schools, 503 senior secondary schools, 21 training colleges, 18 technical

institutions, two diploma-awarding institutions and five universities. 

( Education )

Spending HabitsDue to 28.5% poverty rate and 11% unemployment rate the spending habit may not be

much encouraging. But these are only facts, due to day by day going development the

spending habits are improving at a great rate

Certainly, higher rates of unemployment, income disparity and credit discrimination

are financial impediments to the economic vitality of people in Ghana,. By finding the

courage to change the spending habits, we might be surprised at how far the $631 billion we

now earn might take us.

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

TECH NOLO GICAL ANALYSIS

By historical tradition and choice, Ghana's Technological future has been bound up

with that of Britain and the Commonwealth of Nations. Indeed, Nkrumah led the way for

independent African states that were former British colonies to join the Commonwealth.

The close bond between Ghana and Britain was evident in 1959 when Queen Elizabeth

II, the head of the Commonwealth of Nations, visited Ghana and received a most friendly

reception. The Commonwealth provided a vehicle for the transfer of technology. Ghana

became an major player in Commonwealth affairs. In May 1994, Ghana hosted a

Commonwealth conference on local government that attracted participants from several West

African countries.

TECHNOLOGIES USAGE IN GHANA

Telecommunications;The most technological development is of telephonic system. As since 1997, the

telephonic system was famous for the landline and now from the survey now we have the

vast area of mobile cellular mobile phone. We can see below:

Telephones - main lines in use 356,400 (2008)

Telephones - mobile cellular 5.207 million (2008)

Telephone system general assessment: fixed-line infrastructure outdated and

unreliable; competition among multiple mobile-cellular providers has spurred growth with

subscribership about 25 per 100 persons and rising

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

domestic: primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed

international: country code - 233; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine

cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat

(Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its

neighbours.

Since 1999, There is radio which was available was fm but now the technology was

spread to high technology short waves which brings about more wide coverage in the society.

Radio broadcast stations

FM 86

Shortwave 3 (2007)

There is a wide area of television in GHANA:

Television broadcast stations 7 (2007)

AUTOMATION-Internet NetworkingNow we can see the wide area of network from which we can know the whole data of

this country how the net is evaluated and used in this country.

At present the cost of internet connection

Ghana is still relatively high, and availability

limited. But e-mail communication is already far

cheaper than fax and phone. Currently, with the

exception of South Africa, the majority of

information and messages about African countries

and issues on the Internet still comes from host

computers in Western countries. Business information concerning Africa available on-line at

present comes primarily from international governmental and non-governmental

organizations, a few national governments as well as privately hosted websites like The

Africa Business Pages which is hosted by Dubai-based Gateway Marketing.

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

Increasingly, information on the Internet provided in one form is often available in

another form as well, just as you can get most printed magazines at a newsstand, at a library,

or by subscription. Tools for accessing the Web by e-mail are also available, although the

process is less directly interactive and requires more

patience and planning. Despite rapid recent progress,

African countries continue to lag far behind the

developed world where, for example, one in six

people in North America and Europe are estimated to

use the Internet regularly. Internet and electronic mail

(e-mail) are essential in assisting African businesses

to overcome their traditional constraints to economic Internet Networking

development, such as distance from markets. High Internet access charges are also a serious

problem. Other problems include a severe shortage of skilled technology personnel, the high

cost of computer and communication equipment, inadequate telecommunications

infrastructure and unreasonable regulatory environments in many countries.

Internet country code gh

Internet hosts 2,899 (2007)

Internet users 609,800 (2006)

TransportationTransport in Ghana is accomplished by road, rail, air and water. Ghana's transportation

and communications networks are centered in the southern regions, especially the areas in

which gold, cocoa, and timber are produced. The northern and central areas are connected

through a major road system; some areas, however, remain relatively isolated.

Roadways

Total 62,221km 

paved 9,955km 

unpaved  52,266 km (2006)

World Rank 73

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

Railways

Railways are the most widely used in this country

Total 953 km.

Type : 1.067-m gauge

World Rank 91

Airways

There are the most widely airports used in this country

Airports 12 (2007)

Airports - with paved runways

Total 7

Over 3,047 m 1

1,524 to 2,437 m 4

914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2007)

Airports - with unpaved runways total: 5

914 to 1,523 m 3

Under 914 m 2 (2007)

Waterways:

Total Length 1,293 km

168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers;

1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta (2007);

13 km of Pipelines oil;

316 km of refined products.

Ports and terminals Tema

Merchant marine

Total: 3 ships (1000 GRT or over) 5,032 GRT/7,282 DWT

By type: 1 petroleum tanker

2 refrigerated cargo

Foreign-owned: 1 (Brazil 1) (2007)

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

C ONCLUSI ON

After going through the PEST analysis of GHANA, we conclude that the country

chosen by us to setup Home Appliances Industry .The Ministry of Education and its agencies

are responsible for the entire educational system in the country is most appropriate as the

country is developing and there is a vast scope for development in the field of

telecommunication, networking, transportation, airlines. There are 503 senior secondary

schools in Ghana. Ghana recently moved from an authoritarian military rule to a democracy.

There. Due to the renewed interest in Ghana, more people are visiting Ghana and Tourism is

now the third largest foreign currency earner. Several major hotel projects in Accra and

elsewhere in the country are underway. Music is virtually inseparable from dance in

traditional Ghanaian societies, and both are integral to the maintenance of important cultural

identifiers.  Although the musical landscape is rich with many vocal and instrumental genres,

it is through the magical rhythms of the drummers that the soul of the people of Ghana is

preserved and flourishes. . Ghana's coastal regions are dotted with sandy beaches alternating

with steep rocky bluffs and coconut trees surrounding dense tropical growth. Many rivers

empty into the ocean and one can see large, brightly painted canoes in lagoons, rivers, bays

and ocean. The coastline is also dotted with many ancient fortresses is less number of

companies manufacturing home appliances, so competition is less and the situation is

favorable for the growth of our industry.

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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Group Assignment

REFERENCES

1. The World Factbook, Available at: www.cia.gov,

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gh.html, Last

Accessed: 22 Oct. 2008 at 4:30pm.

2. US Department of States- Background Note: Ghana, Available at: www.state.gov,

http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2860.htm, Last Accessed: 22 Oct. 2008 at 5:00pm.

3. A Country Study: Ghana, Available at: www.cweb2.loc.gov,

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/ghtoc.html , Last Accessed: 23 Oct. 2008 at 4:30pm.

4. Minimum wage goes up, Available at: www.businessghana.com,

http://www.businessghana.com/portal/news/index.php?

op=getNews&id=37031&PHPSESSID=2fc9054eb8f55d5c568e8e2d0bd9bde2. Last

accessed: 25 Oct. 2008 at 4:30 pm.

5. Common currency for west Africa, Available at: www.africa-Business.com,

http://www.africa-Business.com/features/currency.html, Last accessed: 25 Oct. 2008

at 4:50 pm.

6. Ghana - gateway to west Africa, Available at: www.africa-Business.com,

http://www.africa-business.com/features/ghana.html, Last accessed: 25 Oct. 2008 at

5:00 pm.

7. Economie-Price Regulation, Available at: www.mineco.fgov.be,

http://mineco.fgov.be/organization_market/price_regulation/home_en.htm, Last

accessed: 28 Oct. 2008 at 4:45 pm.

8. Index Mundi, Available at: www.indexmundi.com,

http://www.indexmundi.com/g/g.aspx?v=144&c=gh&l=en, Last accessed: 28 Oct.

2008 at 4:55 pm.

9. Unemployment rate rises, Available at: www.modernghana.com,

http://www.modernghana.com/news/176953/1/unemployment-rate-rises.html, Last

accessed: 28 Oct. 2008 at 5:15 pm.

10. Education, http://www.lehigh.edu/~tqr0/ghanaweb/education.html , Last accessed: 28

Oct. 2008 at 5:15 pm.

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PICTURE REF ERENCES

1. Ghana Map, http://ghana.kia-global.com/Files/MapImage/Ghana_map.jpg,

Downloaded on: 9 Nov. 2008

2. Ghana National flag, http://ghanaweb-news.com/Documents/GHANA_FLAG_A.jpg,

Downloaded on: 9 Nov. 2008

3. Aburi hills, http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Aburi_hills.jpg,

Downloaded on: 9 Nov. 2008

4. John Agyekum Kufuor, http://ghana.gov.gh/files/images/kufuor12.jpg, Downloaded

on: 12 Nov. 2008

5. Archimota School, http://www.lehigh.edu/~tqr0/ghanaweb/archimotaweb.jpg,

Downloaded on: 12 Nov. 2008

6. Railways, http://www.fahrplancenter.com/GRCSign(rh).jpg, Downloaded on: 11

Nov. 2008.

7. Automation,

http://www.overlake.org/blogs/tech/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/img_4345.jpg,

Downloaded on: 11 Nov. 2008.

8. Internet, http://farm1.static.flickr.com/252/521436902_d26192dd54_m.jpg,

Downloaded on: 11 Nov. 2008

9. ECOWAS Headquarters,

http://bp0.blogger.com/tKnPAwSHy7E/RzMP2fyanI/AAAAAAAAAtE/wvPTQIL9f

a4/s320/abuja.jpg, Downloaded on: 11 Nov. 2008

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