CHAPTER 20 AMERICA AND WORLD WAR II SECTION 1 MOBILIZING FOR WAR
Dec 27, 2015
Converting the economy Industrial output was
tremendous Twice as much as Germans 5 times as much as Japanese
In 4 years the US was able to fight and win a war on 2 fronts against 2 powerful military empires
Cost Plus Contracts - - - Reconstruction Finance
Corporation
American Industry gets the job done
Automobile factories converted to tank production Also produced rifles, mines,
helmets, pontoon bridges, pots…
Nearly 1/3 of military equipment was produced by the auto industry
Henry Ford created an assembly line to make the B-24 Bomber
Building Liberty Ships
Henry Kaizer’s shipyards built cargo ships Most were welded not rivetedHarder to sink
War Production Board
Created to set priorities and production goals
Controlled distribution of raw materials
Federal Government Takes Control
Office of Economic Stabilization Regulated wages and prices of
farm products Office of Price Administration
Targeted inflation Regulated wages on everything
except farm products War Labor Board
Tried to prevent strikes
Rationing To make sure our troops had
what they needed the Office of Price Administration started rationing certain goods
Buying rationed items required Money Proper number of correct
stamps Other rations
Speed limits - Gasoline Restricted driving
Building an Army
Japan claimed to reduce the US to a third rate power
When Germany invaded Poland FDR worked to increase our military
SELECTIVE SERVICE AND TRAINING ACT Established the first peace
time draft
You’re in the Army Now!
(or Navy)
Training facilities were flooded with draftees and volunteers
Draftees were given physicals and vaccinations and uniforms….
GI Basic Training
created units not individuals
Battle of the Atlantic
Hitler’s subs were ordered to …
US ships were unprotected and easy to spot
Radar and Sonar
Ship Building program
Striking the “Soft Underbelly”
Who was the “Soft Underbelly”?
Eisenhower Sicily King Emmanuel Surrender/Hitler Anzio
Agreements of the Big 3
Stalin would attack ___ when Allied invasion of France took place
FDR and Stalin would break up ___ after war
Stalin agreed to help the US against ___
Accepted FDR’s proposal to establish the ___
Segregated Army
Trained separately Served in segregated units Most were kept out of combat “Double V”
Why?
Pushing for a Double “V”
African Americans started a campaign to unite First defeat Hitler’s racism
and then end racism in the US
FDR ordered military to recruit African Americans and use them in combat BENJAMIN O. DAVIS –
appointed by FDR to rank of Brigadier General
African Americans in Combat
Tuskegee Airmen Bomber escorts
African Americans in combat did very well!! Some were highly decorated
Women in the Armed Forces
Women enlisted but were kept from combat
Woman’s Army Auxiliary Corps Not a part of the regular
army – women got mad Woman’s Army Corps replaced
WAAC
Preparations and Conditions
Many things to consider for the invasion:
What was brought to the party:
Unconditional Surrender
Liberation of Death Camps Allied Forces pushed EAST Soviet Forces pushed WEST
Unconditional Surrender April 25th
April 29th
April 30th
V-E Day (May 8th)
General Douglas Mac
ArthurJapan attacked
Philippines 2 hours after Pearl Harbor
Mac Arthur is the US Commander in the Pacific
Bataan Peninsula Defended Philippines
for 3 monthsOrdered to withdraw
by FDR
To Bomb or Not to Bomb
Debate over whether or not to warn Japan
Truman’s beliefs August 6, 1945 August 9, 1945 August 15, 1945
Nuremberg War Trials
German officers put on trial for war crimes
1st trial= 12 of 22 officers sentenced to ___
Over 200 more put on trial after!
1st time a nation’s leaders were held responsible for wartime actions
Occupation of Japan
Led by MacArthur Established a new
constitution Established a Democratic
government Still known as the
“MacArthur Constitution”
World War II created 19 million jobs and many salaries doubled!!!
GOOD BYE DEPRESSION To fill the new jobs
employers hired women and minorities
Women began to work in the defense plants
Rosie the Riveter
African Americans demand war work
Factories resisted A. Philip Randolph FDR issued an Executive Order
No discrimination in the work place
Employment Practices Commission
War Time Migration Where are the jobs?
cities What is just ending?
Great Depression What happens to the
population? The move where the jobs
are!!!! The Sun Belt
Most headed south and west to the new industrial region
Social Adjustments
Father-less Homes “Turn-key” kids
New Families GI Bill of Rights
Education Training
Racism Explodes
Great Migration picks back up Competition for jobs
Detroit 1943 June
Black and White girls 25 9 killed
Still committed to “Double V”
Japanese American Relocation When Pearl Harbor was
attacked Americans turned against Japanese living in the US
Executive Order 9066 Internment Camps Neisi Japanese in the war effort 1988 – Ronald Reagan