BEFORE THE FIRST GLOBAL AGE Chapter 2. The Olmecs The Olmecs were the earliest known civilization in the Americas. The Olmecs lived along the Gulf of.

BEFORE THE FIRST GLOBAL AGE

Chapter 2

The Olmecs

The Olmecs were the earliest known civilization in the Americas.

The Olmecs lived along the Gulf of Mexico about 3,500 years ago.

The Olmecs supplied nearby cities with food.

The Olmecs carved huge stone heads but left few written

records.

The Mayans

The Mayas were influenced by the Olmecs.

Mayan priests held great power and performed harvest and military ceremonies on top of huge stone pyramids.

Mayan priests made advancements in astronomy and created an

accurate 365 day calendar.For unknown reasons, Mayans

abandoned their cities around the year A.D. 900.

The Aztecs

Early Aztecs were nomads who searched for food.

Tenochtitlán, the capital, was built on an island in Lake Texcoco.

The Aztecs thought the sun was a warrior and tried to appease it

with human sacrifices.The Aztec empire stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific Ocean by 1500.

The Incas

The Incan empire stretched 2,500 miles and was on the west coast of South America.

Cuzco was a holy city located high in the Andes Mountains.

The empire was made up of about 10 million people.

The Incas had a network of roads that covered over 10,000 miles.

The Incas were skilled engineers who created terraces on the

mountainsides.

North American Cultures

Hohokams lived in present day southern Arizona about 2,000 years ago.

The Anasazis built houses using stone and adobe.

The Anasazis later built houses along steep cliffs to better protect themselves.

Mound Builders lived in eastern North America beginning about 3,000

years ago.They used the mounds for burials and

for religious ceremonies.

The Far North

The Inuits Collected driftwood for tools and shelter

Lived in pit housesWomen made warm clothing out of fur and waterproof boots from sealskins

The Plateau Region

The Utes and the Shoshones

Ate pine nuts and roots and hunted

mountain sheep and rabbits

Had few possessions

The Northwest Region

People had more resources, so they could stay in one place

Built permanent villages and traded with other groups

Families held potlatches to show wealth and status

The Southeast Region

The NatchezHunted, fished, and farmed along the Gulf of Mexico

Used a 13 month calendar with months such as: Strawberry, Mulberry, Deer, and Bear

Marriage laws ensured class changes

Iroquois Confederacy

Lived in long housesWomen held family and

political powerIncluded five nationsSachems met once a year to make decisions for the League.

Trade and Religion

How was trade linked to the spread of Islam?

As people traded goods, they traded ideas and spread the religion.

Trade and Religion

What were the two major trade routes used by Muslim traders?

Across land by the Silk Road

Across the Indian Ocean

Trade and Life

How did trade help city-states develop?

The concentration of wealth made it necessary to develop some form of government.

Trade and Life

Where did most people in Africa live?

Most people lived in small villages.

Family

What importance did extended families and kinship have in small African villages?

Families in small villages were dependent upon one another for survival.

Chinese Trade

Which statement best describes Chinese trade in the 1400s?a) Eventually a Chinese fleet crossed

the Pacific and rounded the tip of South America.

b) In the early 1400s, a large Chinese fleet traded in many foreign ports; then, after thirty years, it suddenly stopped.

c) In the 1400s, the Chinese built a new fleet patterned after the many Chinese fleets before it.

d) The Chinese established several trading cities on the west coast of Africa.

European Traditions

European Traditions

Jewish Traditions

Christian Traditions

Greek Traditions

Roman Traditions

Tradition and Change

• Jewish Traditions•Followed the Ten Commandments•No one was above God’s law•Everyone had to obey religious laws

Tradition and Change

• Christian Traditions• All could achieve salvation-All were equal• Persecuted Christians spread out and carried the ideas of equality with them

Tradition and Change

•Greek Traditions• Created direct democracy• All citizens could attend assemblies and make laws• All people were not citizens-

only free men whose parents had been born in

Athens were citizens

Tradition and Change

•Roman Traditions•Absorbed Greek traditions•Created a Republic•Everyone was equal under the law•Republic fell apart

Tradition and Change

• Which of the following traditions did NOT influence

the development of European society?• A. Christianity• B. The Roman republic• C. Judaism• D. Chinese trading fleets

Tradition and Change

Early Greek thinkers said thatA. it was a sacred duty to obey God’s laws.

B. God had given Jesus the Ten Commandments

C. all people, rich or poor, could achieve salvation

D. all people were equal before the law

Tweeting the Middle Ages

•@Feudalism-Feudalism evolved during the Middle Ages with kings at the top, nobles next, and peasants last.

Tweeting the Middle Ages

•@ Life in the MA-Roman Catholic Church was powerful, peasants grew more food, and warfare declined.

Tweeting the Middle Ages

•@ Crusades-Wars for control of the Holy

Land led to an increase in trade between Europe and

the Muslim world.

Tweeting Knowledge

•@ Knowledge-An increase in knowledge led to new

tools and an increased desire for

wealth through trade.

Tweeting Exploration

•@ Voyages of Trade-Portugal built new

ships and led the way searching for new trade routes to Asia.