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State Perspective on State Perspective on Implementing Implementing Fuel Cell Technology Fuel Cell Technology Shannon Baxter, Ph.D. California Air Resources Board June 27, 2001 Air Resources Board California Environmental Protection Agency EPA Fuel Cell Workshop
31

Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

Sep 11, 2014

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Page 1: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

State Perspective on Implementing State Perspective on Implementing Fuel Cell Technology Fuel Cell Technology

Shannon Baxter, Ph.D.California Air Resources Board

June 27, 2001

Air Resources Board

California Environmental Protection Agency

EPA Fuel Cell Workshop

Page 2: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

OverviewThe California Air Resources BoardAir Quality in California Motivation to Implement Fuel Cells

– Improve the air quality in CA with near-zero and zero emission technologies

– Encourage the fuel flexibility of new, clean technologies

Implementing Fuel Cells– Partnerships– Mandates– Removing barriers

Page 3: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

California Air Resources BoardCalifornia Air Resources Board

Part of the California Environmental Protection Agency

Established in 1967 to– Attain and maintain healthy air quality– Conduct research– Control pollution from motor vehicles

2001 Clean Air Plan

Page 4: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

Air Resources Board’s GoalAir Resources Board’s Goal

Ensure all individuals in California, especially children and the elderly, can live, work and play in a healthful environment -- free from harmful exposure to air pollution

Page 5: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

Improving Air QualityImproving Air QualityHighest Ozone: Greater Los AngelesHighest Ozone: Greater Los Angeles

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

ppm

for

1 ho

ur

.

Standard

Page 6: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

Daily VMT* Increasing Daily VMT* Increasing Faster Than PopulationFaster Than PopulationDaily VMT* Increasing Daily VMT* Increasing Faster Than PopulationFaster Than Population

1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

PopulationVMT

Year

* vehicle miles traveled

Page 7: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

Why are fuel cells promising?Why are fuel cells promising?

Near-zero to zero emissions (including CO2)

Higher fuel efficiency than I.C.E.Fuel flexibleQuietSimpleHigh Quality Power

Page 8: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

Applications for Fuel CellsApplications for Fuel CellsTransportation

– Light Duty Vehicles– Heavy Duty Vehicles– Marine Vehicles– Auxiliary Power Units (APUs)

Stationary/Distributed Power– Homes, Offices– Back-up generators

Portable– Lawn Mowers, Power Tools

Page 9: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

Implementing Fuel CellsImplementing Fuel Cells

California Fuel Cell PartnershipStationary Fuel Cell CollaborativeProject Funding

– Caltech/JPL, Direct methanol fuel cell demonstration unit development

– SunLine’s HbT unit– Freightliner/Xcellsis Fuel Cell Auxillary Power

Unit– DCH Technology’s Water Taxi

PARTNERSHIPSPARTNERSHIPS

Page 10: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion
Page 11: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

California Fuel Cell PartnershipCalifornia Fuel Cell PartnershipFull PartnersFull Partners

AutomakersAutomakers Fuel ProvidersFuel ProvidersFordFord TexacoTexacoDaimler ChryslerDaimler Chrysler ShellShellHondaHonda BPBPVolkswagenVolkswagen ExxonMobilExxonMobilHyundaiHyundai General MotorsGeneral Motors Public AgenciesPublic AgenciesToyotaToyota Ca. Air Resources BoardCa. Air Resources BoardNissanNissan Ca. Energy CommissionCa. Energy CommissionFuel Cell ProvidersFuel Cell Providers South Coast AQMDSouth Coast AQMDBallardBallard U.S. DOE U.S. DOEInternational Fuel CellsInternational Fuel Cells U. S. DOT U. S. DOTXCELLSiSXCELLSiS

Page 12: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

California Fuel Cell PartnershipCalifornia Fuel Cell PartnershipAssociate PartnersAssociate Partners

Hydrogen SuppliersHydrogen Suppliers Transit AgenciesTransit AgenciesAir Products and ChemicalsAir Products and Chemicals Sunline TransitSunline TransitPraxairPraxair AC TransitAC TransitProton EnergyProton EnergyStuart EnergyStuart EnergyHydrogen Burner TechnologyHydrogen Burner TechnologyPacific Gas & ElectricPacific Gas & Electric

Methanol SupplierMethanol SupplierMethanexMethanex

Page 13: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

Environmental and Energy Environmental and Energy Statement of IntentStatement of Intent

Adopted by the CaFCP Steering Team, July 2000

The California Fuel Cell Partnership is committed to promoting fuel cell vehicle commercialization as a means of moving toward a sustainable energy future, increasing energy efficiency and reducing or eliminating air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions.

Page 14: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

Exploring the Path to Commercialization

Roadmap Study

• Cooperative effort among CaFCP members • Examine opportunities and barriers to commercializing FCEVs• Consider several fuel options - will NOT pick winners/losers• Expect draft completed Spring 2001

Page 15: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

W. Sacramento Facility

Page 16: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

CaFCP Bus DemonstrationCaFCP Bus Demonstration Up to 20 buses placed at transit agencies

– SunLine Transit in Palm Desert– AC Transit in the Bay Area

Represents small fleet introduction Operated in regular fare service Fueled with hydrogen

Page 17: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

StationaStationary Fuel Cell Collaborativery Fuel Cell CollaborativePURPOSEPURPOSE

Provide leadership role in facilitating the advancement, demonstration and use of fuel cells for power generation in stationary applications throughout California

Page 18: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

KEY GOALSKEY GOALS Fund pilot projects in partnership with stakeholders Identify and facilitate policies that encourage the

use of fuel cells in stationary applications Establish a mechanism for giving weight to

environmentally superior technologies in government building projects

Participate in fuel cell education and outreach activities

Page 19: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

CORE GROUPCORE GROUPProposed Membership

Governor’s Office Governor’s Office of Planning &

Research Ca Air Resources BoardCa Department of General ServicesCa Energy CommissionCa Public Utilities CommissionLos Angeles DWPSouth Coast AQMDNational Fuel Cell Research CenterCa Department of TransportationCal/EPA

Ca Resources AgencyCa Business, Transportation and

Housing Agency Ca Trade and CommerceU.S. Department Of EnergyU.S. Department Of DefenseU.S. General Service

AdministrationU. S. Environmental Protection

AgencyHouston Advanced Research

Center

Page 20: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

ADVISORY COMMITTEEADVISORY COMMITTEE

Proposed Membership

•Fuel Cell Manufacturers

•Government Agencies

•Utilities

•Fuel Suppliers

•Potential Developers

•Non-Governmental Organizations

H-Power Corporation

Page 21: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

POTENTIAL TASKSPOTENTIAL TASKS

Purchase of fuel cell units by California agencies Explore agreements to include fuel cells for new

building projects Support pilot projects in industrial sectors with high

sensitivity to power reliability Support demonstration projects that have capability

to facilitate market adoption Develop and maintain web site

Short-Term Tasks

Page 22: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

POTENTIAL TASKSPOTENTIAL TASKS

Support fuel cell technologies for stationary power generation applications

Work with agencies developing regulations for distributed power generation

Partner with key stakeholders to fund stationary fuel cell projects

Establish and maintain effective communication with stakeholders

Ongoing/Long-Term Tasks

Page 23: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

RESOURCESRESOURCES

Self-generation buy down program (PUC) Public Interest Energy Research program (CEC) Renewables buy down program (CEC) Other State funds (e.g., ICAT) Advanced Technology Fund (SCAQMD) Penalty funds SB 5X, Appropriations for State Energy Projects

Potential Funding Opportunities

Page 24: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

Hydrogen-Powered Water Hydrogen-Powered Water Transportation SystemTransportation System

Co-funding DCH Technologies’ project to develop hydrogen-powered water transportation system

System:– hydrogen turbine technology transitioning to PEM

fuel cells– mobile dockside fueling station employing fuel-

flexible reformer Looking to expand: boat builders, fishing fleets and

ferries

Page 25: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

Hydrogen Fuels Issues that will Hydrogen Fuels Issues that will require Government Assistancerequire Government Assistance

Storage issuesDistribution issuesSafetyStandardizationConvenience / AvailabilityCostsExperience

Page 26: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

Implementing Fuel CellsImplementing Fuel CellsMandate is Good Public PolicyMandate is Good Public Policy

Sets challenging but achievable environmental standard

Accelerates adoption of clean vehicle technologies

Wide ranging environmental and energy benefits

Economic growth opportunities for California

Page 27: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

Zero Emission Bus MandateZero Emission Bus MandateLarge Transit Agencies (200+ buses) can use

diesel or natural gas as their primary fuelLarge fleets primarily using diesel fuel must

demonstrate ZEBs in 2003ARB ZEB feasibility review in 200615% purchase requirements 2008+ (for buses

on diesel path), 2010+ (for buses on alt. fuel path)

Page 28: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

Economic BenefitsEconomic BenefitsZEV Program ZEV Program

New technologies - a California strengthNew businessesNew jobsNew partnerships

Page 29: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

Santa Barbara

VenturaCamarillo

SimiValley

Valencia

AguoraHills

NorthHollywood

PasadenaLos Angeles

CarsonTorranceCypress

LongBeach

SanBernardino

Riverside

Irvine

Tustin

Newport Beach

SanDiego

La Jolla

Carlsbad

Poway

Los Angeles CountyVentura County

San Diego County

Orange County

Advanced Vehicle Advanced Vehicle Technology and Design CentersTechnology and Design Centers

Southern California:Southern California:

Santa Barbara CountyAshman Technology, Pavlics Engineering, Kilovac

Los Angeles CountyGeneral Motors ATV, Honda, Toyota, Honeywell, Enova Systems, Replica Roadsters, International Rectifier, Jinriksha, Litton Industries, Modular Electric, REBAC, Econotech, Hydrogen Burner Technology, Enginuity, Phoenix Fuel Cell Systems, HyGen Industries, Rockwell, Nissan, Mitsubushi, EBUS, Trojan Battery, Yussa/Exide, Keystone Battery, DCH Technology, Harvest Energy, FAS Engineering, JPL, Clean Fuel Connection, Stuart Energy USA, TechTran, Aerovironment, Delphi Automotive,AC Propulsion, Amerigon, Allison Products

San Diego CountyNissan, Th!nk Group, XCELLSIS, Alturdyne, ISE Research, Signal Processing, Schock Power Conversions

Orange CountyFord’s Premier Auto Group (Lincoln Mercury, Volvo, Jaguar, Aston-Martin), Hyundai, Kia, Mazda, Doran Motor, Gorilla Vehicles, Taylor Dunn, Power Systems Group, Gaffoglio Metalcrafters, Equus Marketing, AutoPacific, Prisma Design, Eco Soul, Badsey Industrial

Ventura CountyBMW, Volvo, Volkswagen, ODU USA, APS, Dreyco, Energy Systems, Motorola, Pentadyne, Planet Electric, US Flywheel Systems, Capstone Turbine Fountain

Valley

San BernardinoCounty

Santa Barbara County

RiversideCounty

Corona

San Bernardino CountyEldorado National, KTA

Riverside CountyUS Battery

San Dimas

Chino

Page 30: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

California-Based Hydrogen California-Based Hydrogen Technology ProvidersTechnology Providers

Partial list includes – Harvest Energy Technology– Hydro Environment Resources– Hydrogen Burner Technology– Hygen Industries– IMPCO Technologies – Procyon Power Systems– Stuart Energy– Technip USA

Page 31: Baxter Caarb Session3 Presentaion

Vision for Vision for the Futurethe Future

Nearly all zero and near-zero emission vehicles

Improved fuel efficiency for lower emissions

Sustainable fuel supply: H2 for fuel cells

Clean, healthful air for everyone