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Oct/2015 AUA, Center for Student Success Basics of APA formatting Anna Aghlamazyan Writing Consultant
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Basics of APA formatting - American University of Armenia

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Page 1: Basics of APA formatting - American University of Armenia

Oct/2015 AUA, Center for Student Success

Basics of APA formatting

Anna Aghlamazyan Writing Consultant

Page 2: Basics of APA formatting - American University of Armenia

Quick outline

1. Brief introduction

2. Mechanics

3. In-text citations

4. Reference list

Oct/2015 AUA, Center for Student Success

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What is APA Style?

APA Style establishes standards of written communication concerning:

• the organization of content

• writing style

• citing references

• how to prepare a manuscript for publication in certain disciplines

Oct/2015 AUA, Center for Student Success

American Psychological Association

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Who Should Use APA?

APA Style describes rules for writing in:

• Social Sciences (Psychology, Linguistics, Sociology, Economics, and Criminology)

• Business

• Nursing

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Schools of citation

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Font and font size

Times New Roman

12 pt.

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Margins and Spacing

1 inch on all sides

Double Spacing

NO spacing between paragraphs

Indent the paragraphs

Oct/2015 AUA, Center for Student Success

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The Title

Use title case All important words are capitalized.

Prepositions, articles and conjunctions are not capitalized.

No bold, no underline, no italics

Centered

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In-text citation

APA style uses author-date citation method

Oct/2015 AUA, Center for Student Success

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Citing one and more authors Paraphrasing and summarizing

One author: (Walker, 2007)

Two authors: Walker and Allan, 2004 (“and” used in signal

pharses)

Two authors: (Walker & Allan, 2004) ( “&” is used in the

parentheses)

Three authors: (Bradley, Ramirez, and Soo, 2004)

Subsequent citation: (Bradley et al., 2004)

Three and more authors: (Bradley et al., 2004)

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Examples

In purely financial terms, the drugs cost more than $3 a day on average (Duenwald, 2004).

As journalist Greg Critser (2003) noted in his book Fat Land…

Oct/2015 AUA, Center for Student Success

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Signal phrases (past simple or present perfect)

In the words of Smith (2004), “…”

As Smith has noted (2004), “…”

Hoppin and Taveras (2004), medical researchers, pointed out that “. . .”

“ . . .,” claimed Critser (2003).

Crister (2003) has offered a compelling case for this view: “ . . .”

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Several studies in the same parentheses

Several studies (Walker & Allan, 2004; Bradley, Ramirez, and Soo, 2004) have

confirmed…

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Direct quoting

As journalist Greg Critser (2003) noted in his book Fat Land, use of weight-loss drugs is unlikely to have an effect without the proper “support system”—one that includes doctors, facilities, time, and money (p. 3).

Two of the medications were withdrawn from the market because of severe side effects (Yanovski & Yanovski, 2002, p. 592)

Oct/2015 AUA, Center for Student Success

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Verbs in signal phrases

Oct/2015 AUA, Center for Student Success

admitted compared insisted rejected

agreed confirmed noted reported

argued contended observed responded

asserted declared pointed out suggested

believed denied reasoned thought

claimed emphasized refuted wrote

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Publications with no date

The author states that… (Colins, n.d., p.52)

n.d. stands for “no date”

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Reference list should be in alphabetical order

A BOOK with a single author

Egeland, J. (2008). A billion lives: An eyewitness report from the frontlines of humanity. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.

Author’s last name, first initial. ---> Year (in parentheses). ---> Title (italicized. Capitalize only the first word). ---> Place of publication: ---> Publisher.

Oct/2015 AUA, Center for Student Success

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A BOOK with multiple authors

Musick, M.A., & Wilson, J. (2007). Volunteers: A social profile. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Oct/2015 AUA, Center for Student Success

An organization as an author

American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed). Washington, DC.

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Citing a source with an unknown author

For works with unknown authors, begin with the work’s title.

New concise world atlas. (2007). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

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Citing an online source

Cain, A., & Burris, M. (1999). Investigation of the use of mobile phones while driving. Retrieved from http://www.cutr.eng.usf.edu/its/mobile_phone_text.htm

Oct/2015 AUA, Center for Student Success

Source with no date

Archer, D. (n.d.). Exploring nonverbal communication. Retrieved from http://nonverbal.ucsc.edu/

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Citing a work which is discussed in another work

Smith argued that... (as cited in Andrews, 2007)

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How to create in-text citations and a reference list in MS Word?

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References

Sep, 2015 AUA, Center for Student Success

Hacker, D., Sommers, N. (2012). Rules for writers with

writing about literature. Bedford/St. Martin’s,

Boston, New York.

Purdue Online Writing Lab. (n.d.). APA style

workshop. Retrieved from

https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/664/

1/

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Sep, 2015 AUA, Center for Student Success

Prepared by Anna Aghlamazyan

Writing Consultant