Basic First Aid, DCPQS

7/28/2019 Basic First Aid, DCPQS

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Basic First AidDCPQS section 105

By: HS1 Warzynski


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Purpose of First Aid

1. Save lives

2. Preventinfection

3. Preventfurther injury


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FIRST RESPONDERS ACTIONS

1. REPORT THE CASUALTY

-Call bridge, Quarterdeck, local EMS

2. Survey the Area forDANGER

to yourself: Don't Put Yourself in Danger!

to others: Don't Allow Bystanders to be Exposed toDanger!

to the casualty: Remove the Danger from the Casualty,or the Casualty From the Danger!


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TO TRANSPORT

OR NOT TOTRANSPORT,

THAT IS THE

QUESTION.HAMLET, M.D.

FIRST RESPONDERS ACTIONS


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FIRST AID PRIORITIES

A-B-CS

AIRWAYBREATHINGCIRCULATION

CONTROL BLEEDINGTREAT FOR SHOCKTREAT BROKEN BONES

GET CASUALTY TO MEDICAL


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SHOCK

Definition:

Inadequate oxygenationof the cells and tissues of

the body caused byinsufficient flow ofoxygen rich blood.

(not enough circulatingO2 in the body).

Causes: (some examples)

Electrocution

Excessive bleeding

Allergic reaction

ALL treated the same

way!

ABCs, keep warm,elevate feet, nothing to

eat or drink.


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Controlling Bleeding

Three types ofbleeding Arterial

Venous Capillary

Whats the

difference? What type is

this?


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4 Easy steps to control bleeding

Direct pressurewithhand or bandage

Elevationabove level of

the heart.

Pressure points!!!

TourniquetONLY AS A

LAST RESORT!!!!


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BleedingDirect Pressure

Use a sterile dressing or clean cloth

Fold to form pad

Apply pressure directly over wound

Fasten with bandage; knot over wound

If bleeding continues, add second

pressure dressing


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BleedingPressure Points

Apply pressure where artery lies near

skin over bone.


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Pressure Points

A pressure point is anyplace in the body whereyou can trap an artery

between your fingers anda bone or cartilage, therefor stopping or slowingblood flow. Simple

enough.

Some common Pressurepoints-

Carotid =Neck

Brachial = inner arm Femoral = lateral groin

Axillary = under armpit


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TOURNIQUET Only as a last resort!!!!!!

Never skip right totourniquet before tryingother means.

Apply about 2-4 inches(or as close as you can)to wound site.

Write a T and the timeon the victims forehead

Anyone can use atourniquet, only a doctor

can remove one.

Tourniquets and skin

markers are located in allgunbags onboard

Gentian.


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Tourniquet application


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Asphyxiation

Definition: Inability tobreath, not breathing.

Begin rescue breathing.

Head tilt chin lift . Give one breath every 5

seconds.

Avg. adult breaths

between 12-20 times aminute.

Remember ABCs

Gunbag items:

O.P.A.(oropharyngeal airways)

Pocket masks


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Fractures (2 Types)

Simple fracture: Doesnt mean one break

The bone is broken but

hasnt penetratedthrough the skin.

Seeing a joint somewhereon a body where a joint

doesnt belong.treat itlike a fracture.

Compound fracture:

The skin is brokenover the fracture site.

Bone does NOT haveto be sticking out tobe a compound

fracture.Whats the added risk

with this type????


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FracturesSigns and Symptoms

Pain

Swelling

Bruise

Deformity

False Motion Crepitus

Tenderness

Exposed fragment

Locked joint

Guarding

Unable to supportweight


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Fractures

Classification Greenstick

Simple

Comminuted Compound

Impacted


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Fractures

Greenstick Incompleteseparation of bonefragments


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Fracture

SimpleTwo distinct bonefragments


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Fractures

Comminuted Multiple bonefragments


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Fracture

Compound Bone penetratedthrough skin

May or May NOTstill be presentoutside the body.

Added risk ofinfection withcompound fracture.


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Fractures

Impacted One bone fragment

telescopes into the other

F


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FracturesTreatment

Remove clothing from area Check ability to move and feel below fracture

Check circulation below fracture

Cover open wound Splint

Immobilize joints above and below fracture

Reduces pain Prevents additional damage

Pad all rigid splints


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Fractures

Treatment(cont.)When in doubt, SPLINT

Icenot directly to skin

Position injured limb slightly above level ofheart if easily possible

Immobilize all suspected spinal injuries

Shock - treat Report

Transport

F


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FracturesSplinting and Immobilizing

Sling Triangle bandage under injured arm; over

uninjured shoulder

Tie ends of sling at side of neckpad under knot Secure arm with cravat under good arm


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FracturesSplinting and Immobilizing

(cont.)

Splints Magazine

Shirt Flap Shirttail


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Heat Emergencies

Heat Cramps

Heat exhaustion

Heat Stroke


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Heat Cramps

Caused by loss of fluids and salt from the body,resulting in muscle cramps

Treatment:

Remove the person from the environment.

Cool the person

Rest

Allow small sips of water, gatorade or ice chips.


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Heat Exhaustion

Signs and symptoms: Normal to low body temperature

Skin pale, moist, cool and clammy

Breathing rapid and shallow

Nausea and/or vomiting

Profuse sweating

Treatment:

Remove from environment, cool patient, rest, smallsips of water, ice chips.


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Heat Stroke

*THIS IS A LIFE THREATENING EMERGENCY* Signs/Symptoms

Hot, dry skin, No sweating is present!!!

May be unconscious

Increased body temperature >105F

TX: ABCs, Call for Help!

Remove patient from hot area and remove clothing

Cool Patient using icepacks to groin, armpits, and neck.

Spray them down with water and fan them

*ABSOLUTELY nothing by mouth*


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BURNS, BURNS, BURNS

THREE DEGREESOF BURNS:

1

ST

2ND

3RD

All treated the same way.


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Burns

Classification by depth

Size generally more important than degree

First degree: mildest Second degree: inner layer of skin

Third degree: tissue destroyed


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Burns

Normal Skin

Dermis

FatMuscle


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BurnsFirst Degree

Only outer layer ofskin

Mild pain

Redness

Warmth

Tenderness

Skin

Reddened


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BurnsSecond Degree

Inner layer of skin

Red

WarmTender

Blister

Severe pain


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BurnsThird Degree

Tissue is destroyed

Charred (white toblack)

May lack feeling


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BurnsTreatment

Use body substance isolation methods

Extinguish fire

Do not remove burned clothing unless it issmoldering

Coolburn rapidly (immerse burn in cool

water if possible10 minutes maximum)Always do a complete assessmentthere

may be other serious injuries


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Burns

Treatment(cont.)

Electrical: remove patient from source withnonconductive material

Chemical: flush with water for 10-20 minutes

Cover with drysterile dressing

Treat for shock

Always obtain medical care


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BurnsSerious

Monitor airway

Reassess vital signs every 5 minutes

Do not give fluids by mouth Do not place ice on any burn


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Burns

Special Situations Eyes

Flush with water for 5 minutes

Cover both eyes


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BurnsSpecial Situations

Respiratory track

Always a medical emergency

Singeing of nasal hairs Cough

Hoarseness

Difficulty breathing


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Rule of Nines Head and Neck = 9%

Each arm = 9% (totaling 18%)

Front of chest = 9%

Stomach = 9%

Upper back = 9%

Lower back = 9%

Front of each leg = 9% (totaling 18%)

Back of each leg = 9% (totaling 18%)

Groin = 1% (+/-)Total body % = 100.


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Rule of the Palm

The size of the patients palm (not your own)

equals 1% of their total body surface.

Easy enough.


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The End

Remember:

Stay calm

Call for help

ABCs

Check for other injuries

Treat for shock

Always reassess ABCs

Basic First Aid, DCPQS

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