CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Introduction Skin is a main protection or barrier for preventing the entry and invasion of pathogenic microbes to the body from the environment. For humans, wound cases are very common such as due to surgery, traumatic, skin burn and others which leads to loss of integrity of the skin as a body’s main barrier of outer surface. Wound healing is a very complicated process, as the body needs to not only close up the wound and clean out any debris and dead tissue, it then needs to fill in areas where tissue was lost and essentially connect the skin back together. It has its natural process with three phases, the inflammation phase, proliferation phase and re- absorption phase. It is influenced by many factors including the kind of medicine or drug used. The use of medicine or drugs is aimed to accelerate the wound healing process and to prevent infection. The different drugs used for wound treatment could be used in many ways and in kinds. One of these kinds used for treatment is herbal medicine. The use of traditional medicinal remedies and plants in the treatment of wounds is an important aspect of health treatment and at the same time a way
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CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Introduction
Skin is a main protection or barrier for preventing the entry
and invasion of pathogenic microbes to the body from the environment.
For humans, wound cases are very common such as due to surgery, trau-
matic, skin burn and others which leads to loss of integrity of the
skin as a body’s main barrier of outer surface. Wound healing is a
very complicated process, as the body needs to not only close up the
wound and clean out any debris and dead tissue, it then needs to fill
in areas where tissue was lost and essentially connect the skin back
together. It has its natural process with three phases, the inflamma-
tion phase, proliferation phase and re- absorption phase. It is in-
fluenced by many factors including the kind of medicine or drug used.
The use of medicine or drugs is aimed to accelerate the wound healing
process and to prevent infection. The different drugs used for wound
treatment could be used in many ways and in kinds. One of these kinds
used for treatment is herbal medicine. The use of traditional medici-
nal remedies and plants in the treatment of wounds is an important
aspect of health treatment and at the same time a way to reduce the
financial burden. Several plants used as traditional healing remedies
have been reported to treat skin disorders, including wounds. One of
the plants which have a great potential to be explored as medicinal
plants is the banana plant. This plant grows well, easily and found
in huge number. People use this plant mainly for its fruit and
leaves. The stem is mainly used for ruminant feed and some cultural
activities but what caught the researcher's attention is its thera-
peutic effects on wound healing. Banana stem contains serotonin, nor-
epinephrine, dopamine, tannin, Vitamin A, Vitamin B and Vitamin C
that are very essential for the body in the wound healing process.
The banana stem sap contain components that functioned as antibiotic
and accelerated the growth of cell on the regeneration process, this
stem sap also increases the blood flow and stimulates connective tis-
sue formation on the response of wound healing process. Banana stem
sap could also be used for pain reliever and facilitate the increas-
ing absorption capability of medicine in the skin, therefore, could
be used to treat contusion, skin burn, animal bite and anti- inflam-
mation.
Therefore the researchers have decided to make an in depth study
about the mentioned subject and prove that banana sap can accelerate
and aid in wound healing compared to the natural process.
II. Review of Related Literature
Wound healing varies depending on the utilization of medications
or drugs that shall be using in case of alteration in skin integrity.
The Researchers investigate the use of potential herbal plants
as a treatment modality for wounds. There are existing literatures
revealing that Banana sap was known to be a wound healing agent.
According to Marvin (2011) applying banana trunk sap to wound is a
common old practice. It was old because it was superseded by popular
liquid iodine formulations, e.g. povidone iodine. The popular wound
medicine can be applied to any wound without the pain. There was then
a true experiment regarding the effect of using banana sap in
accelerating wound incision healing process and concluded that banana
sap usage was proven to be more effective in accelerating incision
healing process and reduce any infection risk (Sasongko, 2008). With
regards to its effectivity it is said that based on experience, it is
very much useful. “The banana sap has a property that stops the
bleeding after applying it to the wound. The sap contains saponin
and ascorbic acid. The mentioned substances function on healing the
wound faster” (Marvin, 2011). “Saponin works to increase the
formation of new blood vessels in the wound so that it supplies
oxygen and nutrients more. Ascorbic acid functions to strengthen and
accelerate the growth of connective tissue (collagen.” (Nugrohoro,
2011) “With 80 percent concentration of the sap of the banana tree,
the wound will be closed 30-60 percent faster” according Estiara
(2010). The banana is one of the best fruit sources of vitamin B6