BAEB601 Chapter 1(part 2): Introduction to Research Methodology

BAEB601

School of Marketing and Entrepreneurship (SoME)FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT

PREPARED BY:Nur Suhaili Ramli

CHAPTER 1 (PART 2)

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH

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CHAPTER 1 (PART 2): INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH

Topics

This chapter aims to:

1.Define the importance of research as a management decision-making tool;2.Define research3.Differentiate between basic and applied research;4.Define meaning of theory5.Discuss the term concept, proposition, variables and hypothesis;6.Classify research as exploratory research, descriptive research and causal

research.7.List the stages in the business research process

Chapter Aims

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Problem Statement

Identify the scenarios

Issues that lead to the formulation of the problem statement

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Process of Problem Definition

Discover the decision maker’s

objectives

Understand the background of

the problem

Isolate and identify the

problem

Determine the unit of analysis

Determine the relevant variables

State the research

questions and research

objectives

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Discover the decision maker’s objectives

MUST attempt to satisfy the decision maker’s objectives

MUST have a clear understanding of

the purpose of undertaking the

research.

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Understand the background of the problem

The background

of the problem is

vitalA situation analysis is the logical first step in

defining problemAnalysis

involve the informal

gathering of background information

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Isolate and identify the problem

Anticipating the many influences and

dimensions of a problem is impossible

for any researcher.

Certain occurrences that appear to be the problem may only be

symptoms of a deeper problem.

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Determine the unit of analysis

MUST specify the unit of analysis

Will the individual consumer be the source

of information?

Industries, organization,

departments or individual may be the focus data collection

and analysis.

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Determine the relevant variables

A variable is a quality that can exhibit

differences in value, usually magnitude or

strength

In statistical analysis, a variable is identified by a

symbol such as X, Y.

A category or classificatory variable

has a limited number of distinct variables

Example: Gender – Male or Female, Age – 20’s, 30’sIncome – Low, Middle, High

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Clarity in Research Questions and Hypotheses

Research question should be specific, clear, and accompanied by a well formulated hypothesis.

Hypothesis is an unproven proposition or possible solution to a problem. In its simplest form, a hypothesis is a guess!

Problem and Hypothesis are similar. Both state relationship. BUT Problems are interrogative, Hypotheses are declarative

and more specific to testing.

Null Hypothesis (H0) Alternate Hypothesis (H1)

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Hypotheses

A hypothesis can be defined as a logically conjectured relationship between two or more variable expressed in the form of a testable statement.

There are TWO (2) important hypothesis in quantitative research.

1. Null Hypothesis (H0)

2. Alternate Hypothesis (H1)

Null hypothesis is typically corresponds to a general or default position. For

example, the null hypothesis might be that there is no relationship between two

measured phenomena or that a potential treatment has no effect. It is important to

understand that the null hypothesis can never be proven.

Alternate hypothesis is a definite statement of the relationship between two

variables. The hypothesis which is accepted when the null hypothesis has been

rejected is called the alternative hypothesis.

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Research Objective

Research objective is the researcher’s version of the business problem.

Research objective is derived from the problem definition.

Research objective explain the purpose of research in measureable terms as well as

defining what standard the research should accomplish.

Research objective should be limited to a manageable number so that each one can be

addressed fully.

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Examples of Research Objectives

The example of Research Objectives:

1. To identify the factors of social problem among teenagers in

Kuala Lumpur.

2. To investigate the effects of smoking among youngster in Malacca

town.

3. To prepare an effective business plan to expand the business.

Tips: Simple and concise statement.Clear and understandable Direct and straight to the point

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Example of Research Questions:

1. What are the factors that contribute to social problem among teenagers in Kuala Lumpur?

2. Why are some people decided to jump into business?

3. How can environment influence this problem?

Tips: Simple and concise statement. Statement must end with question mark (?) Direct and understandable.

Examples of Research Questions

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Examples of Hypotheses:

1. Hypothesis 1: Health

H0: Smoking not contribute to bad health.

H1: Smoking contribute to bad health.

2. Hypothesis 2: Environment

H0: Environment not influenced to smoking habit.

H1: Environment influenced to smoking habit.

Tips: Take one keyword for title. Write both null hypothesis (H0) and alternate hypothesis (H1). Simple, concise, and straight forward.

Examples of Hypotheses

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CHAPTER 1 (PART 2): INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCHRelationship Between Research Objectives, Research Questions, Hypothesis –VERY IMPORTANT

In Chapter 1, relationship between objectives, questions and hypotheses are related. You have to identify each clearly and relate them each other. For example:

Research Objective

1. To identify factors that contribute social problems among teenagers in Kuala Lumpur.

Research Question

1. What are the factors that contribute to social problems among teenagers in Kuala Lumpur?

Hypothesis

1. Hypothesis 1: Environment

H0: Environment is one of a factor that not contribute to social problems among teenagers in Kuala Lumpur.

H1: Environment is one of a factor that contribute to social problems among teenagers in Kuala Lumpur.

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Types of Business Research

Completely Uncertainty Absolute Certain Ambiguity

Causal or Descriptive Exploratory

Decisions are not all same: A continuum of decision making

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Types of Business Research

Exploratory research

Descriptive research

Causal research

Conducted to classify the nature problems. It is not intended to provide conclusive evidence from which a particular course of action can be determined.

Conducted to discover and determine the characteristics of a population. It Seeks o determine to answer “Who”, “What”, “When”,”Where” and “How”.Conducted accurately because the Evidence it provides will be used to determine a course of action.

To identify cause-and effect relationship between variables. Causal researchAttempts to establish that when we doOne thing (increase advertising), anotherWill follow (increased sales)

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Research Proposal

The research proposal is a

written statement of the research

design..

explains

Purpose of the study

Define s the problem

Outlines the research methodology

Details the procedures to be followed

State all costs and deadlines

Proposal should be precise, specific and

concrete

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Completed for chapter 1 You’re now can start your project:

Chapter 1 - Introduction

Chapter 2 – Literature Review

Chapter 3 – Research Methodology

Chapter 4 – Data Analysis & Result

Chapter 5 – Conclusion & Recommendation

What you MUST have in your Chapter 1 – Introduction?

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Format in Chapter 1

1) Introduction• Briefly discuss about your topic, what your topic is all about, giving big

picture of your topic.

2) Background of study• Background of the study is the part of any research where in the particular

topic is placed. This may contain the general description, and may include the broader description of the topic. Other include a brief preview of the topic to discuss such as the subjects, variables, sample size, history, etc.

3) Purpose of Study. Identify directly why you do this research? For example: The purpose of this research is because to examine the factors of smoking behavior among secondary school in Bangsar, and to identify the relationships occurred among variables.

4) Problem Statement• A problem statement is the description of an issue currently existing which

needs to be addressed. It provides the context for the research study and generates the questions which the research aims to answer.

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5) Research Objectives• Identify the objectives of your study. Make sure the objectives identified

are relevant to your topic. E.g. of objectives:1) to identify the factors of smoking behavior among

secondary school student s in Bangsar.

2) to investigate the factors of smoking behavior among secondary school student s in Bangsar.

6) Research Questions• Design research questions based on the problem statement and research

objective. For example, your problem statement is about a smoking behavior problem among secondary school students in Bangsar. There is an article and issue discussed earlier, so your research questions must relate to it. E.g. of research question:

1) What are the factors that influenced secondary school students in Bangsar to smoke?

2) How can the factors influenced secondary school student s in Bangsar to smoke?

Format in Chapter 1

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7) Hypotheses.• In this chapter you have to briefly identify what are your hypotheses.

There are two types of hypotheses to be tested. For example:Hypothesis 1: Environment

H0: There is no relationship between environment and smoking behavior.H1: There is a relationship between environment and smoking behavior.

Hypothesis 2: Family backgroundH0: There is no relationship between family background and smoking

behavior. H1: There is relationship between family background and smoking behavior.

Format in Chapter 1

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8) Significant of study• You have to explain why your topic is important? Why it is relevant topic to

research? For example:“This research is important because to prepare reports for those responsible to solve this issue. Moreover, it is important for future researcher to extend this study. Smoking is also………..”

9) Limitation of study• You must clearly state what are the limitations of your research. What area that

you will not cover. Elaborate for each of your point identified. For example:“This study will only research on factors of smoking among secondary school. This is because the timeframe given is very limited. Furthermore, the author identified that lack of research skills …. “

10) Keywords. The keywords are frequent words that appear in your research. For example: “Smoking, Behavior, Factors…..”

Format in Chapter 1

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Project - Checklist for Chapter 1

Sub Topics Checked

1) Introduction

2) Background of Study

3) Purpose of Study

4) Problem Statement

5) Research Objectives

6) Research Questions

7) Hypotheses

8) Significant of Study

9) Limitation of Study

10) Keywords

Do not use ‘I’, ‘We', 'Us’,In research use ‘The author’, ‘The researcher’. Normally, for Chapter 1, the minimum page is 5 pages and maximum unlimited. Font: Times New Roman, Font Size: 12, Paragraph spacing: 1.5 lines.

BAEB601 Chapter 1(part 2): Introduction to Research Methodology

Technology

decision makers

secondary

kuala lumpur

bad health

smoking behavior

smoking habit

research objectives

research objective