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AutoCAD 2D-I Module 1: Introduction to Drawing Tools PREPARED BY IAT Curriculum Unit January 2011 © Institute of Applied Technology, 2011
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Page 1: ATM1122 Haydraulics module1 - Maysaa Nazarmaysaaiat.weebly.com/.../5/8/8/3/5883161/atm1020_autocad_module1.pdfATM1020 – AutoCAD 2D-I 2 Module 1: Introduction to drawing tools 1 Introduction

AutoCAD 2D-I

Module 1: Introduction to Drawing Tools

PREPARED BY

IAT Curriculum Unit

January 2011

© Institute of Applied Technology, 2011

Page 2: ATM1122 Haydraulics module1 - Maysaa Nazarmaysaaiat.weebly.com/.../5/8/8/3/5883161/atm1020_autocad_module1.pdfATM1020 – AutoCAD 2D-I 2 Module 1: Introduction to drawing tools 1 Introduction
Page 3: ATM1122 Haydraulics module1 - Maysaa Nazarmaysaaiat.weebly.com/.../5/8/8/3/5883161/atm1020_autocad_module1.pdfATM1020 – AutoCAD 2D-I 2 Module 1: Introduction to drawing tools 1 Introduction

ATM1020 – AutoCAD 2D-I

Module 1: Introduction to Drawing Tools

Module Objectives After the completion of this module, the student will be able to:

Identify and describe the use of engineering drawing equipment

Recognise different methods of laying out engineering drawing papers.

Demonstrate the use of scales.

Produce a simple drawing paper layout including border and title block.

Module Contents

1 Introduction ...................................................................................2

2 Drawing instruments......................................................................2

2.1 Drawing Boards ........................................................................... 2 2.2 T-Square .................................................................................... 3 2.3 Set Square.................................................................................. 3 2.4 Pairs of Compasses ...................................................................... 3 2.5 Protractor ................................................................................... 3 2.6 Ruler.......................................................................................... 4 2.7 Drawing pencils ........................................................................... 4 2.6 Eraser ........................................................................................ 4 2.8 Circle template ............................................................................ 4

3 Drawing Paper ...............................................................................5

3.1 Sizes of the drawing paper............................................................ 5 3.2 Scales ........................................................................................ 5 3.3 Layout of the drawing paper.......................................................... 5 3.4 Line type .................................................................................... 6

4 Technique of Lettering ...................................................................7

5 Activities ........................................................................................8

5.1 Class Activities ............................................................................ 8 5.2 Homework .................................................................................. 8

 

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ATM1020 – AutoCAD 2D-I

2 Module 1: Introduction to drawing tools

1 Introduction

Technical drawing is the study of the

procedures, tools, supplies, skills and

techniques used to record and communicate

the shape and size of a product. Every product

we have today (e.g. cars, houses, machines,

etc…), began as an "idea" in some person's

head. Before these "ideas" became products,

they had to be drawn on paper so as to show

what the idea looks like from different

directions, Fig.1.1.

Fig.1.1: Burj Al Arab- Dubai

2 Drawing instruments

To prepare a drawing, one can use manual

drafting instruments as shown in Fig.1.2, or

computer-aided drafting (CAD).

If the drawing is made without either manual

instruments or CAD, it is called a freehand

sketch.

The following instruments are essential and

should be available to produce a good quality

technical drawing.

Fig. 1.2: Manual Instruments.

2.1 Drawing Boards

Drawing Boards can range from simple boards,

like the one shown in Fig.1.3, to complicated

drawing machines that would be used in

engineering drawing office. The surface of the

board should be dusted and smooth.

Fig. 1.3: Drawing Board

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ATM1020 – AutoCAD 2D-I

Module 1: Introduction to drawing tools 3

2.2 T-Square

2.3 Set Square

2.4 Pairs of Compasses

2.5 Protractor

T- Square is composed of a long strip, called

the blade; it is placed on the drawing board

and provides a constant horizontal edge. The

T-square is shown in Fig.1.4.

Fig. 1.4:T-Square

Set Squares are best made from transparent

plastic. The two standard set squares that are

commonly used are 30/60 and 45/45 degrees

triangles as shown in Fig 1.5.

45/45 triangle 30/60 triangle

Fig. 1.5:Set Square

There are basically two types of compasses

1. Pencil compasses which are used to draw

circles. Circles up to 300 mm diameter are

drawn using a large radius compass.

2. Spring bow compass which is used to

draw circles of 50 mm diameter or less.

(Fig.1.6). Fig. 1.6:Compasses

Protractors measure angles other than those

obtained by the set squares and found in

half circle or full circle types, Fig. 1.7.

Fig.1.7: Protractors

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ATM1020 – AutoCAD 2D-I

4 Module 1: Introduction to drawing tools

2.6 Ruler

2.7 Drawing pencils

2.6 Eraser

2.8 Circle template

A 300 mm ruler with one edge marked in

centimeters and millimeters is necessary,

Fig.1.8. In a fully equipped drawing machine,

horizontal and vertical rulers with graduations in

mm or inches are attached to the drafting head.

Fig.1.8: Ruler

Pencils have nine grads of hardness from H

to 9H and seven grades of softness from B

to 7B as shown in Fig. 1.9.

Fig.1.9: Pencil lead grades.

Erasers are available in different hardness and

are used to erase pencil work. The common

eraser used is a block-shaped vinyl eraser.

(Fig.1.10). Fig.1.10: Eraser

Circle templates are useful for drawing small

circles quickly and to join lines with a radius, A

circle template is shown in Fig.1.11.

Fig.1.11: Circle template

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ATM1020 – AutoCAD 2D-I

Module 1: Introduction to drawing tools 5

3 Drawing Paper

3.1 Sizes of the drawing paper

3.2 Scales

In order to produce drawing showing components in detail or as plans it is often

necessary to use a scale. This can increase the size of the drawing in comparison

to the real size of the component.

Some of the recommended scales are listed below:

Enlargements scales: 2:1 20:1 50:1 10:1

Full (same) size: 1:1

Reduction scales: 1:2 1:10 1:20 1:100

3.3 Layout of the drawing paper

Drawing sheets of all sizes have standard layout. It is usual for each sheet to be

provided with a drawing frame a short distance from the edge of the paper as

shown in Fig.1.13.

Each drawing sheet has to be provided with a title block which represents the

general information source for a drawing. It is normally placed in the bottom and

at least contains the title of the drawing, the name of the draftsman, the scale,

and the date.

Drawing paper is available in ‘A’ series, ‘B’

series, and rolls of the International Organization

for standardization (ISO), but series ‘A’ is

preferred.

Paper sizes for series ‘A’ are based on the A0

size, which has an area of 1 square meter. An

A0 size sheet can be divided up evenly into the

various other sizes (A1, A2, A3, A4…) simply by

halving the sheet on the long side in each case.

As shown in Fig. 1.12.

Fig. 1.12: Paper Sizes

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ATM1020 – AutoCAD 2D-I

6 Module 1: Introduction to drawing tools

200

265

330

15

15BORDER

NAME: TITLE: SECTION: DATE: SCALE

100

Drawing frame

Title block

Fig 1.13: Layout of the drawing paper.

3.4 Line type

Fig. 1.14 shows the types

of line which are

commonly used in

engineering drawings such

as visible lines, hidden

lines, center lines,

dimension lines, extension

lines, and leader lines.

Fig. 1.15 shows an

application for the use of

different types of lines.

Chain thin

Visible outlines

Dimension linesProjection linesLeader lineshatching

Hidden outlines

Circle centerlines

LINE Description Application

Continous thick

Continous thin

Dashed thin

Fig.1.14: Line types and their description

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ATM1020 – AutoCAD 2D-I

Module 1: Introduction to drawing tools 7

70

OUTLINE(CONTINOUS THICK)

HIDDEN UOTLINES(DASHED LINE)

DIMENSTION LINE(CONTINOUS THIN)

CENTER LINE(CHAIN THIN)

130

20

10

30

15 20

50

1105

Fig 1.15: The use of different line types in engineering drawing.

4 Technique of Lettering

These guide lines can be used to make sure that all letters and numbers have the

same size. Always print using capital letters. All letters and numbers should touch

the top and bottom guide lines. Guide lines should be 5 mm apart as explained

earlier. An example for lettering technique is shown in Fig 1.17.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Fig. 1.17: Printing numbers and letters.

Printing increase the information that is provided

on a drawing. Printing must be clear and neat so

that it is easy to read. Use guide lines 5 mm

apart as illustrated in Fig. 1.16.

5

Fig. 1.16: Guide lines for printing.

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ATM1020 – AutoCAD 2D-I

8 Module 1: Introduction to drawing tools

5 Activities

5.1 Class Activities

Draw the objects shown below in full size using different drawing tools such as

compasses, set squares and tee square. Use an A3 sheet to create the drawing

with the same layout shown below.

? 100

R30

80

110R15

3040

50

80

R15

R35

R20

80

21

3 4

NAME: TITLE: SECTION: DATE: I.D.No.

5.2 Homework

Draw the objects shown below in full size using different drawing tools such as

compasses, set squares and tee square. Use an A4 sheet for each of the

following objects

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ATM1020 – AutoCAD 2D-I

Module 1: Introduction to drawing tools 9

1.

45°

45°

R45

2.

50 20

120

30 60

201550

3.

1515

60°30

60

120

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10 Module 1: Introduction to drawing tools

Student notes

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