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Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Dec 17, 2015

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Donald Dalton
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Page 1: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.
Page 2: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Aspects of DevelopmentAspects of Development

“Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) Think Differently

See the World Differently

Live by Different Moral and Ethical Principles

Page 3: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Issues of Development Issues of Development

Does Cognitive Development Fall Within the Domain of the Classroom Teacher?

Page 4: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Piaget: How Cognitive Piaget: How Cognitive Development OccursDevelopment Occurs Schemes Adaptation

– Assimilation– Accommodation

Equilibration Contructivism

Page 5: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.
Page 6: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Piaget: Stages of DevelopmentPiaget: Stages of Development

Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to Age 2) Reflexes Motor Activity Trial and Error Development of Object Permanence

Page 7: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Piaget: Stages of DevelopmentPiaget: Stages of DevelopmentPreoperational Stage (Ages 2 to 7) Symbols and Language Inability to Understand Conservation

Page 8: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

“It’s the same.” “This one has more.”

Page 9: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.
Page 10: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.
Page 11: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Piaget: Stages of DevelopmentPiaget: Stages of DevelopmentPreoperational Stage (Ages 2 to 7)

Why can’t the child understand conservation?

Illogical Thinking– Centration– Focus on States – Lack of Reversibility

Page 12: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.
Page 13: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Piaget: Stages of DevelopmentPiaget: Stages of DevelopmentPreoperational Stage (Ages 2 to 7) Other Examples of Illogical Thinking

– Egocentrism– Artificialism and Animism– Problems in Classification

Page 14: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.
Page 15: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Piaget: Stages of DevelopmentPiaget: Stages of DevelopmentConcrete Operational (Ages 7 to 11)

Page 16: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Class Inclusion is no longer a problem in Concrete Operations.

Page 17: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Piaget: Stages of DevelopmentPiaget: Stages of Development

Concrete Operational (Ages 7 to 11) Reversibility De-centered Thought Not as Egocentric Seriation

Page 18: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Bob is taller than Phil. Phil is taller than Joe. Is Bob taller than Joe?

Page 19: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Bob is taller than Phil. Joe is shorter than Phil. Who is taller?

Page 20: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Piaget: Stages of DevelopmentPiaget: Stages of Development

Concrete Operational (Ages 7 to 11)

Limitations Unable to Deal with Abstractions Limited Deductive Reasoning Capability

Page 21: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Piaget: Stages of DevelopmentPiaget: Stages of Development

Formal Operational Stage (Age 11 to Adult) Hypothetical Situations Able to Test Hypotheses Internally Enhanced Problem Solving Ability

Page 22: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Whelks are more colorful than periwinkles. Whelks are less colorful than abalones. Therefore:

Formal Operations

Page 23: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Worms move slower than lice and worms are smaller than mice. Worms move faster than mice and worms are larger than lice. Therefore:

Formal Operations

Page 24: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.
Page 25: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Piaget: Criticisms and Revisions:Piaget: Criticisms and Revisions:The American QuestionThe American Question Tasks Can be Taught Earlier Exceptions to Egocentricity Development Depends on Task Development Influenced by Experience

Page 26: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Vygotsky: View of Cognitive Vygotsky: View of Cognitive DevelopmentDevelopment Assumptions

– Learning is a Social Process– Zone of Proximal Development

Means of Learning– Private Speech– Scaffolding

Page 27: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.
Page 28: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Issues of Development Issues of Development

Does Psychosocial Development Fall Within the Domain of the Classroom Teacher?

Page 29: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Erikson: Stages of Psychosocial Erikson: Stages of Psychosocial DevelopmentDevelopmentTrust Versus Mistrust (Birth to 18 Months)Autonomy Versus Doubt (18 Months to 3

Years)Initiative Versus Guilt (3 to 6 Years)Industry Versus Inferiority (6 to 12 Years)

Page 30: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Erikson: Stages of Psychosocial Erikson: Stages of Psychosocial DevelopmentDevelopmentIdentity Versus Role Confusion (12 to 18

Years)Intimacy Versus Isolation (Young Adult)Generativity Versus Self-Absorption

(Middle Adult)Integrity Versus Despair (Late Adult)

Page 31: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.
Page 32: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Issues of Development Issues of Development

Does Moral Development Fall Within the Domain of the Classroom Teacher?

Page 33: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Theories of Moral DevelopmentTheories of Moral Development

Piaget– Heteronomous Morality (Younger)– Autonomous Morality (Older)

Page 34: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Theories of Moral DevelopmentTheories of Moral Development Kohlberg

– Preconventional Punishment and Obedience Orientation Instrumental Relativist Orientation

– Conventional “Good Boy-Good Girl” Orientation Law and Order Orientation

– Postconventional Social Contract Orientation Universal Ethical Principle Orientation

Page 35: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Theories of Moral DevelopmentTheories of Moral Development Moral Dilemma

One of your brightest middle school students spills her purse which contains a non-prescription pain reliever product. You believe her when she tells you that her mother sent her to the store to buy them yesterday, but she forgot they were still in her purse. However, possession of the pill violates your school's zero-tolerance drug policy which you voted for. Would you report the incident?

Page 36: Aspects of Development “Children are not miniature adults.” (p. 30) l Think Differently l See the World Differently l Live by Different Moral and Ethical.

Theories of Moral DevelopmentTheories of Moral Development Kohlberg

– Present moral reasoning that is just above the child’s current level to facilitate development

– Moral reasoning is not the same thing as moral behavior.

– Most people show reasoning from more than one stage.

– A word about the 10 commandments (p. 54).