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Prepared by: Mera Catayas KOREA
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Asian 845 korea catayas

Sep 01, 2014

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Page 1: Asian 845 korea catayas

Prepared by:

Mera Catayas

KOREA

Page 2: Asian 845 korea catayas

• One of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea,

located in present-day northern and central

parts of the Korean Peninsula,

southern Manchuria, and southern reaches of

Russia's Primorsky Krai.

GOGURYEO (KOGURYŎ) DYNASTY,

37 BCE–668 CE

Page 3: Asian 845 korea catayas

MAJOR

RULERS

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King Dongmyeong of Goguryeo (37 BC – 19 BC)

Holy King of the East,

also known by his birth

name Jumong.

He is the

founding monarch of

Goguryeo

King Yuri

( 19 BCE - 18 CE)

2nd ruler

Yuri is described as a

powerful and militarily

successful king.

King Yuri died in 18 CE,

after ruling for 37

years.

GOGURYEO (KOGURYŎ) DYNASTY

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King Daemusin of Goguryeo

(18-44)

3rd ruler

Great Holy Warrior King

Led early Goguryeo

through a period of

massive territorial

expansion.

King Minjung of Goguryeo (44-48)

4th ruler

Minjung did not reign

for long, he was able to

avoid military conflicts

and kept peace through

most of the kingdom.

In 48, after 5 years of

reign, Minjung fell ill

and died.

GOGURYEO (KOGURYŎ) DYNASTY

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King Mobon of Goguryeo (48-53)

5th king

Mobon was a great king

who thought for his

people initially, but

turned into a ruthless

tyrant in the later part

of his reign.

He was killed by a court

official named Duro.

King Taejo of Goguryeo (53–146)

6th ruler (Sometimes

called Taejo the Great)

Under his reign, the

young state expanded

its territory and

developed into a

centrally ruled

kingdom.

GOGURYEO (KOGURYŎ) DYNASTY

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King Chadae of Goguryeo (146–165)

7th ruler

He was said to be

brave but cruel.

He was killed by his

minister Myeongnim

Dap-bu.

King Sindae of Goguryeo

(165–179)

8 th ruler

Sindae died in the

twelfth lunar month of

179, at the age of 91.

GOGURYEO (KOGURYŎ) DYNASTY

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King Gogukcheon of Goguryeo

(179–197)

the 9 th ruler

Gogukcheon was the

second son of

Goguryeo's eighth

king, Sindae.

King Sansang of Gogurye (197–227)

10th ruler

He was the third son of

the eighth king Sindae

Sansang died during

227, the 31st year of

his reign, and was

buried in Sansang-

neung.

GOGURYEO (KOGURYŎ) DYNASTY

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King Dongcheon of Goguryeo (227–248)

11th ruler

He was made crown

prince in 213, and rose

to the throne upon

Sansang's death

Dongcheon fell ill and

died during the fall of

248 after 22 years of

rule.

King Jungcheon of Goguryeo (248–270)

12th ruler

Son of King Dongcheon

Upon his father's death in 248, Jungcheon followed him to the throne.

In 270, the king died at the age of 46, and was buried in Jungcheonji-won.

GOGURYEO (KOGURYŎ) DYNASTY

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King Seocheon of Goguryeo (270–292)

13th ruler

the second son of King

Jungcheon, and was

confirmed as Crown

Prince in 255.

King Seocheon died in

292, after 23 years on

the throne.

King Bongsang of Goguryeo (292–300)

14th ruler

His violence upset the

people.

Bongsang and his two

sons committed

suicide. He was buried

in Bongsan-won.

GOGURYEO (KOGURYŎ) DYNASTY

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King Micheon of Goguryeo (300–331)

15 th ruler

Micheon lived as a

servant and a salt

merchant, but was made

king after Bongsang was

overthrown by court

officials.

Micheon died and was

buried in 331 at Micheon-

won.

King Gogugwon of Goguryeo (331-371)

16th king

He was made crown prince in 314 and became king upon his father's death.

He was killed in a battle at Pyongyang Castleand was buried at Gogugwon.

GOGURYEO (KOGURYŎ) DYNASTY

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King Sosurim of Goguryeo (371–384)

17th ruler

Son of King Gogugwon

He is considered to

have strengthened the

centralization of

authority in Goguryeo.

GOGURYEO (KOGURYŎ) DYNASTY

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a kingdom located in southwest Korea.

It was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea,

together with Goguryeo and Silla.

BAEKJE OR PAEKCHE DYNASTY

(18 BCE – 660 CE)

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Onjo (18 BC–AD 28)

the founding monarch

of Baekje

He was the ancestor of

all Baekje kings.

Daru of Baekje

(28–77)

2nd king

He was the eldest son

of the founding

monarch Onjo and

became the heir of

throne in the year 10.

BAEKJE OR PAEKCHE DYNASTY

(18 BCE – 660 CE)

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Gaeru of Baekje (128–166)

4th king

In 132, he

founded Bukhan

Mountain Fortress.

Giru of Baekje (77–128)

3rd king

He was the eldest son

of King Daru and

became the heir to the

throne in the year 33.

BAEKJE OR PAEKCHE DYNASTY

(18 BCE – 660 CE)

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Chogo of Baekje (166–214)

5th king

He was the son of King

Gaeru

Gusu of Baekje (214–234)

6th king

He was descended from

the founding king Onjo

and the eldest son of

the 5th king Chogo

BAEKJE OR PAEKCHE DYNASTY

(18 BCE – 660 CE)

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Saban of Baekje (234)

7th king

He was the eldest son

of the 6th king Gusu.

Nothing is known of the

birth, later life, or

death of Saban.

Goi of Baekje (234–286)

8th king

He was the second son

of the 4th

king Gaeru and younger

brother of the 5th

king Chogo.

BAEKJE OR PAEKCHE DYNASTY

(18 BCE – 660 CE)

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Chaekgye of Baekje (286–298)

9th king

He was the eldest son

of King Goi

Baekje was invaded by

Maek-in and the Lelang

commandery, and

Chaekgye was killed.

Bunseo of Baekje (298–304)

10th king

He continued to wage

war against the

Chinese Lelang

commandery.

The governor of

the commandery there

upon sent an assassin

who poisoned him.

BAEKJE OR PAEKCHE DYNASTY

(18 BCE – 660 CE)

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Biryu of Baekje (304–344)

11th king

Japanese historians

suspect Biryu, like

Saban, as the

progenitor of certain

aristocratic clans

ofYamato period Japan.

Gye of Baekje (344–346)

12th king

He was the eldest son

of the 10th

king Bunseo, who was

assassinated.

His rule indicated the

continued the rivalry

between two royal

lines.

BAEKJE OR PAEKCHE DYNASTY

(18 BCE – 660 CE)

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Geunchogo of Baekje (346-375)

13th king

He reigned over the

apex of Baekje's

powers.

Under Geunchogo, the

kingdom reached its

greatest geographic

extent and political

power.

Geungusu of Baekje (375–384)

14th king

During Geungusu's

reign, Baekje was in

hostile relations with

its northern neighbor,

Goguryeo.

Geungusu died in 384,

after 10 years of reign.

BAEKJE OR PAEKCHE DYNASTY

(18 BCE – 660 CE)

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Chimnyu of Baekje (384–385)

15th king

He was the first Baekje

king to officially

recognize Buddhism

Jinsa of Baekje (385-392)

16th king

He ordered numerous

attacks

against Goguryeo,

which was expanding

into Baekje territory

from the north.

BAEKJE OR PAEKCHE DYNASTY

(18 BCE – 660 CE)

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Asin of Baekje

(392–405)

the 17th king

of Baekje, one of

the Three Kingdoms of

Korea.

Buyeo Abang was the

eldest son of Baekje's

15th ruler Chimnyu.

Jeonji of Baekje (405–420)

18th king

Jeonji spent much of

his youth in

the Wa kingdom

of Yamato Japan as.

hostage

BAEKJE OR PAEKCHE DYNASTY

(18 BCE – 660 CE)

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Guisin of Baekje (420–427)

19th king

He was the eldest son

of King Jeonji and Lady

Palsu.

Biyu of Baekje (427-455)

20th king

Biyu sought to

strengthen Baekje’s

relationship with Silla,

exchanging

ambassadors in 433

and 434.

BAEKJE OR PAEKCHE DYNASTY

(18 BCE – 660 CE)

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Gaero of Baekje ( 455-475)

21st king

He attempted to

strengthen royal control

of the aristocracy.

He died in a battle.

Munju of Baekje (475-477)

22nd king

His reign saw

considerable disunity

within Baekje.

Munju was murdered by

an agent of Hae Gu.

BAEKJE OR PAEKCHE DYNASTY

(18 BCE – 660 CE)

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Samgeun of Baekje (477-479)

23rd king

Samgeun was only

thirteen years old when

he took power after his

father’s death.

Dongseong of Baekje (479-501)

24th king

He built several

fortresses and castles

to build out the new

capital

BAEKJE OR PAEKCHE DYNASTY

(18 BCE – 660 CE)

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Muryeong of Baekje (501–23)

25th king

During his reign, Baekje

remained allied

with Silla against

Goguryeo, and

expanded its

relationships

with China and Japan.

Seong of Baekje (523–554)

26th king

Also known as Holy

King

Seong was known as a

great patron

of Buddhism in Korea.

BAEKJE OR PAEKCHE DYNASTY

(18 BCE – 660 CE)

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Wideok of Baekje (554–598)

27th king

He was the eldest son

of King Seong, and rose

to the throne upon his

father's death.

King Hye of Baekje (598–599)

28th king

His reign saw major

inroads from the

neighbouring Silla and

Goguryeo kingdoms.

BAEKJE OR PAEKCHE DYNASTY

(18 BCE – 660 CE)

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Beop of Baekje (599–600)

29th king

He reigned as Baekje

power declined, having

lost the Seoul region to

the rival Silla kingdom.

King Mu of Baekje (600 - 641)

30th king

Mu attacked Silla

several times.

Mu retained close ties

with Tang China.

BAEKJE OR PAEKCHE DYNASTY

(18 BCE – 660 CE)

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Uija of Baekje (641- 660)

31st and final ruler

of Baekje

His reign ended

when Baekje was

conquered by the

alliance of the rival

Korean

kingdom Silla and Chin

a's Tang Dynasty.

BAEKJE OR PAEKCHE DYNASTY

(18 BCE – 660 CE)

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3

FEATURES

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A gilt-bronze statue of what is

believed to be the Maitreya, the

future Buddha, in a semi-seated

contemplative pose.

GILT-BRONZE MAITREYA IN MEDITATION

(NATIONAL TREASURE NO. 83)

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The Seven-Pronged

Spear is a 74.9 cm

long iron sword with

six branch-like

protrusions along the

central blade.

SEVEN-BRANCHED SWORD

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The 287th National Treasure of Korea and was designated

on May 30, 1996.

GILT-BRONZE INCENSE BURNER

OF BAEKJE

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Korea is the most accessible location, a theory publicized

in early Meiji period in Japan argued that these immigrants

were Korean most likely of the Goguryeo or the Baekje.

The Namhangang (Namhan meaning 'South Han' and gang

meaning 'river') is sometimes, but not always, referred to

as the "Han" in South Korea. The term "South Han" is

understood irrespective of which side of the border one

stands. The state of Goguryeo called it the Arisu AND

Baekje called it the Ungniha

Gongju is the former capital of the Baekje Kingdom during

Korea's Three Kingdoms period.

TRIVIA

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Was one of the Three Kingdoms of

Korea, and one of the world's longest

sustained dynasties

It is often referred to, occupied most

of the Korean Peninsula

SILLA DYNASTY

( 57 BCE–935)

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MAJOR

RULERS

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Hyeokgeose 57 BCE – 4 CE

Namhae 4–24

Yuri 24–57

Talhae 57–80

Pasa 80–112

Jima 112–134

Ilseong 134–154

Adalla 154–184

Beolhyu 184–196

Naehae 196–230

Jobun 230–247

Cheomhae 247–261

Michu 262–284

Yurye 284–298

Girim 298–310

Heulhae 310–356

Naemul 356–402

Silseong 402–417

Nulji 417–458

Jabi 458–479

Soji 479–500

Jijeung 500–514

Beopheung 514–540

Jinheung 540–576

Jinji 576–579

Jinpyeong 579–632

Seondeok 632–647

Jindeok 647–654

Muyeol 654–661

SILLA DYNASTY

( 57 BCE–935)

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Hyeokgeose of Silla

(57 BC–4 AD)

commonly called Bak

(Park, Pak) Hyeokgeose

commonly called Bak

(Park, Pak) Hyeokgeose

He wasthe progenitor of

all Bak (Park) clans

in Korea.

Namhae of Sil la

(4–24 CE)

2nd King

He is commonly

called Namhae

Chachaung, chachaung

being an early Silla

title.

SILLA DYNASTY

( 57 BCE–935)

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Yuri of Silla (24-57)

He is commonly

called Yuri Isageum.

Yuri Isageum died in 57

AD after 34 years of

reign.

Talhae of Silla (57-80)

He is commonly

called Talhae

Isageum or Seok

Talhae, isageum being

the royal title in early

Silla.

SILLA DYNASTY

( 57 BCE–935)

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Gold, the raw material,

initially was imported

but eventually must

have been produced

within the Silla

territories to satisfy the

huge demand

GOLDEN TREASURES:

THE ROYAL TOMBS OF SILLA

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The Bronze Bell of King Seongdeok the Great attracts a large number of tourists. The bell produces a distinctive sound, about which there is a legend.

BRONZE BELL OF

KING SEONGDEOK THE GREAT

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Buddhism was

formally adopted

by Silla in 527

under King

Beopheung.

BUDDHISM

This standing statue of the Bhaisajyaguru Buddha is made of gilt bronze, made in the Silla period.

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Gyeongju, the capital of the kingdoms of Old

Silla (57 B.C.–676 A.D.) and Unified Silla

(676–935), is dotted with impressive mounds

of royal tombs.

It was during the Unified Silla period that

trade relations with Japan flourished.

Unified Silla or Later Silla, as it is often

referred to, occupied most of the Korean

Peninsula, while the northern part re-emerged

as Balhae, a successor-state of Goguryeo ore

than ever before.

TRIVIA

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It was a mixed ethnic Korean

and Mohe kingdom established in

northern Korea and Manchuria after

the fall of Goguryeo.

It existed during the North South

States Period of Korea along with

Unified Silla

BALHAE DYNASTY, 698–926

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MAJOR

RULERS

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Go 698-719

Mu 719–737

Mun 737–793

Dae Won-ui 793

Seong 793-794

Gang 794–809

Jeong 809-812

Hui 812–817

Gan 817–818

Seon 818–830

Dae Ijin 831–857

Dae Geonhwang 857–871

Dae Hyeonseok 871–894

Dae Wihae 894–906

Dae Inseon 906–926

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Dae Jo-yeong

(699 to 719)

also known in Korea

as King Go

established the state

of Balhae

His origin is heavily

disputed

most Korean scholars

believed that he was

of Goguryeo heredity.

Dae Mu-ye

2nd King

also known as King Mu

He is noted for the

military expansion of

his domain.

BALHAE DYNASTY, 698–926

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3

FEATURES

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A dragon head

artifact from

Balhae at the

National

Museum of

Korea.

NATIONAL MUSEUM

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This is the

Stele from

Balhae

National

Musuem.

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Mireuksa was the largest Buddhist temple in the ancient Korean kingdom of Baekje.

TEMPLE

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TRIVIA

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Buddhism was first introduced into Korea from

China in the late 4th century.

To confront the military pressure of Goguryo to

its north and Silla to its east, Baekje

(Kudara in Japanese) established close

relations with Japan.

The Japanese army retreated to Japan with

many Baekje refugees

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Also known as Koryŏ

A Korean dynasty established in 918

by King Taejo

This kingdom later gave name to the

modern state of Korea

GORYEO (KORYŎ) PERIOD, 918–1392

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MAJOR

RULERS

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Taejo 918–943

Hyejong 943–945

Jeongjong 945–949

Gwangjong 949–975

Gyeongjong 975–981

Seongjong 981–997

Mokjong 997–1009

Hyeonjong 1009–1031

Deokjong 1031–1034

Jeongjong I I 1034–1046

Munjong 1046–1083

Sunjong 1083

Seonjong 1083–1094

Heonjong 1094–1095

Sukjong 1095–1105

Yejong 1105–11 22

Injong 1122–1146

Uijong 1146–1170

Myeongjong 1170–1197

Sinjong 1197–1204

Huijong 1204–1211

Gangjong 1211–1213

Gojong 1213–1259

Wonjong 1259–1274

Chungnyeol 1274–1308

Chungseon 1308–1313

Chungsuk 1313–1330

Chunghye 1330–1332

Chungmok 1344–1348

Chungjeong 1348–1351

Gongmin 1351–1374

U 1374–1388

Chang 1388–1389

Gongyang 1389–1392

GORYEO (KORYŎ) PERIOD, 918–1392

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Taejo of Goryeo

(January 31, 877 – July 4, 943)

was the founder of

the Goryeo Dynasty,

which ruled Korea from

the 10th to the 14th

century.

Taejo ruled from 918 to

943.

Hyejong of Goryeo

(943–945)

2nd monarch

He was preceded by

King Taejo and

succeeded by Jeongjong

I of Goryeo

GORYEO (KORYŎ) PERIOD, 918–1392

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3

FEATURES

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It was built in the

11th Century, during

the Goryeo period.

It is Korean National

Treasure Number

100.

SEVEN-STORY PAGODA

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Here are some of the things that are imported during the

Song dynasty.

TRADING COUNTRY

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This is Yi Je-

hyun (1287–

1367), an

early Korean

Neo-

Confucianism

scholar.

RELIGION

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TRIVIA

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In 1170, a group of army officers led by Jeong Jung-bu, Yi Ui-bang and Yi Go launched a coup d'état and succeeded.

In 1231, Mongols under Ögedei Khan invaded Goryeo, following the aftermath of joint Goryeo-Mongol forces against the Khitans in 1219

In 993, the Khitan Liao Dynasty invaded Goryeo's northwest border with an estimated 60,000 troops.

Page 64: Asian 845 korea catayas

was a Korean state founded by Taejo

Yi Seong-gye that lasted for

approximately five centuries, from

July 1392 to October 1897.

JOSEON (CHOSON OR YI) DYNASTY, 1392–

1910

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MAJOR

RULERS

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Taejo 1392–1398

Jeongjong 1398–1400

Taejong 1400–1418

Sejong the Great 1418–1450

Munjong 1450–1452

Danjong 1452–1455

Sejo 1455–1468

Yejong 1468–1469

Seongjong 1469–1494

Yeonsangun 1494–1506

Jungjong 1506–1544

Injong 1544–1545

Myeongjong 1545–1567

Seonjo 1567–1608

Gwanghaegun 1608–1623

Injo 1623–1649

Hyojong 1649–1659

Hyeonjong 1659–1674

Sukjong 1674–1720

Gyeongjong 1720–1724

Yeongjo 1724–1776

Jeongjo 1776–1800

Sunjo 1800–1834

Heonjong 1834–1849

Cheoljong 1849–1863

Gojong 1863–1907

Sunjong 1907–1910

JOSEON (CHOSON OR YI) DYNASTY,

1392–1910

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Taejo of Joseon

(1392–1398)

Born Yi Seong-gye, whose changed name is Yi Dan

was the founder and the first king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea

the main figure in overthrowing the Goryeo Dynasty

Jeongjong of Joseon

(1357–1419)

Born Yi Bang-gwa,

whose changed name

is Yi Gyeong

2nd King

first king of the dynasty

JOSEON (CHOSON OR YI) DYNASTY,

1392–1910

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3

FEATURES

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the late 14th

century, the

nearly 500 year-

old Gorye

Dynasty establis

hed by Wang

Geon in 918 was

tottering.

KING TAEJO'S PORTRAIT

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In August 1418, following Taejong's abdication two

months earlier, Sejong ascended the throne.

KING SEJONG THE GREAT

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The Turtle ship is

known to have

been made of

iron, the historical

existence of the

ironclad roof is

disputed.

EARLY JAPANESE INVASIONS

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TRIVIA

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After invasions from Japan and Manchuria, Joseon experienced a nearly 200-year period of peace.

In 1873, King Gojong announced his assumption of royal rule.

The government officials were ranked in 18 levels, ranging from first senior rank down to ninth junior rank based on seniority and promotion, which was achieved through the royal decree based on examination or recommendation.