Asgmnt II Intro+Conclusion

8/3/2019 Asgmnt II Intro+Conclusion

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INTRODUCTION


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Pre-Merdeka Challenges

1948 to 1960

Malayan Emergency

Wars between Commonwealth armed forces,

Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA), and

the Malayan Communist Party

After World War II(after 1945)

British proposed Malayan Union

Opposed by UMNO (leaded by Datuk Onn Jaafar)


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1954

Tunku Abdul Rahman chief a delegation Malaya

representative to London to claim independence

for Malaya

Rejected by the British Government

Tunku Abdul Rahman formed the Alliance Party

Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) Malayan Indian Congress (MIC)


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1955

The first federal general election was held

The Alliance Party (Parti Perikatan) won 51/52

seats

Tunku Abdul Rahman was selected as Malaya's

first Chief Minister

Tunku Abdul Rahman, Tun Tan Cheng Lock andTun V. T. Sambanthan made a trip to London to

negotiate Malayan independence


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DISCUSSION

Malayan Union (1stApril 1946)

Introduced by British

Give citizenship to all residents

Received great oppositions from the Malays

and the Council of Rulers.Formation of UMNO

United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) or

Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu (PEKEMBAR)

Announced on 11 May 1946 by Dato Onn Jaafar at the 3rd

Pan-Malayan Malay Congress.


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Purpose:

To path the way for Malayas independence and

sovereignty. To develop and preserve the rights of the Malays

and Malayans.

To safeguard and defend the religion andtraditions of the Malays as well as the position ofthe sovereignty of the Malay rulers

The opposed succeeded in altering the Malayan

Union to the Federal Agreement. Struggle of the Malays succeeded in forming the

Federation of Malaya.


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Federation of Malaya (31/01/1948 16/9/1963)

Led by a British High Commissioner Position of the Council of Rulers was given a better status

including acting out the duty of advising the High

Commissioner

Menteri Besar is replacing the position of Resident Prerequisites for citizenship was tightened through

enforced laws and neutralized through application.


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General election

The first Federal Election was held on 27 July

1955

UMNO, MCA, MIC, Nation Party, PAS and

Labour Party took part for the 52 chairs

contested

Alliance Party winning 51 chairs from the 52

chairs contested


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Tunku Abdul Rahman formed the first Cabinet

that was represented by 6 Malay, 3 Chinese

and 2 Indian representatives. (1st August1955)

Appointed as the Chief Minister and Minister

of Home Affairs. Solving the issue of communist rebellion for

freedom.

The Baling Conference


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Negotiate independence for the Federation ofMalaya (18 January to 6 February 1956)

Promise of Independence (8 February1956) The Independence Day for the Federation of

Malaya (31 August 1957 )

Declaration of Independence at PadangPahlawan, Bandar Hilir, Malacca (20 February1956)

Reid Policy Commissioner

Formed on 21 March 1956 To examine and draft laws for the Federation of

Malaya


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CONCLUSION

Lot of challenges faced by the leaders in achieving

MERDEKA.

Tunku Abdul Rahman is one of the leaders.


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The British introduced Malayan Union that offers

EQUAL rights in terms of citizenship issues to all

residents without considering race and loyalty to thecountry.

The citizen of Tanah Melayu must cooperate

between each other even there are of different racesand religions.

Thus, UMNO or PEKEMBAR (Malay representative,

by Dato Onn Jaafar), MCA (Chinese, Tan Cheng

Lock) and MIC (Indians, John A. Thivy) wereintroduced.


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The first Federal Election (27 July 1955), Alliance

Party won 51 from the 52 chairs contested.

Before MERDEKA

Baling Conference (28-29/12/1956)

London trip (18/1-6/2/1956)

Declaration of Independence (20/2/1956)

Dawn of Union Jack+Rise of Federation of Malaya

(midnight of 30/8/1957)

Asgmnt II Intro+Conclusion

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