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APPENDIX A Transcription Conventions

The audio- and video-recorded materials were transcribed according to the following notationsystem, whose core was originally developed by Gail Jefferson for the analytic research ofconversation. I use the transcription notation { } to show the synchronized vocal and non-vocal action.

Symbol Represents[ overlapping utterances= latched utterance(.) micro pause(2.0) timed pause (e.g., 2-second): extended sound or syllable . falling intonation, continuing intonation? rising intonation! animated intonation- cut-off>word< speech at a pace quicker than the surrounding talk<word> speech at a pace slower than the surrounding talk$ smile voiceYeah emphasisVERY speech much louder than the surrounding talk◦Um◦ speech quieter than the surrounding talk ((walks toward)) non-vocal action that is not synchronized with verbal, details of conversational scene{raises his arm} non-vocal action that is synchronized with verbal speechover gestural stroke (i.e., normally synchronous with co-expressive speech and highlights the specific meanings that the speaker wants to convey)( ) unrecoverable speechRH right hand LH left handBH both hands BB blackboardPS projection screen

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APPENDIX BGeneral Description of Analytic Essay

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APPENDIX CGuidelines of Analytic Essay & Key Words/Phrases for Discussion Activity

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APPENDIX DThe following transcript illustrates the preceding sequence when Chan and Mr. Karki were discussing and negotiating the terms, “examples” and “supporting points” in relation to the thesis statement. Although Mr. Karki acknowledges Chan’s viewpoint as legitimate, Mr. Karki tries to emphasize the importance of including “supporting ideas” in the thesis statement while Chan thinks that these points are examples, which should not be included in the thesis statement.

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