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Page 1: Ar. I.M. PIE
Page 2: Ar. I.M. PIE

I.M. PieI.M. Pie Ieoh Ming Pei was born in Ieoh Ming Pei was born in SuzhouSuzhou, in , in

ChinaChina on on April 26April 26, , 19171917.. His father, a prominent banker, was His father, a prominent banker, was

later the director of the later the director of the Bank of ChinaBank of China and the governor of the Central Bank and the governor of the Central Bank of China. of China.

His first education was at His first education was at St. Paul's CollegeSt. Paul's College, , Hong KongHong Kong and and then at then at Saint John's UniversitySaint John's University, , ShanghaiShanghai before moving to the before moving to the United StatesUnited States to study architecture at to study architecture at MIT and Harvard in 1935.MIT and Harvard in 1935.

He started at the He started at the University of PennsylvaniaUniversity of Pennsylvania before before going on to receive his Bachelor of going on to receive his Bachelor of Architecture degree from Architecture degree from Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of Technology in 1940. in 1940.

That same year, he was awarded the That same year, he was awarded the Alpha Rho Chi Medal, the MIT Alpha Rho Chi Medal, the MIT Traveling Fellowship, and the AIA Traveling Fellowship, and the AIA Gold Medal.Gold Medal.

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I.M. PieI.M. Pie

He enrolled at the He enrolled at the Harvard Graduate School of DesignHarvard Graduate School of Design two years two years later; shortly thereafter, he served at the later; shortly thereafter, he served at the National Defense Research CommitteeNational Defense Research Committee in in Princeton, New JerseyPrinceton, New Jersey

In 1944 he returned to Harvard, received his master degree in In 1944 he returned to Harvard, received his master degree in Architecture in 1946 and stayed at Harvard as an assistant Architecture in 1946 and stayed at Harvard as an assistant professor professor

In 1948, In 1948, William ZeckendorfWilliam Zeckendorf hired Pei to work at the real estate hired Pei to work at the real estate development corporation development corporation Webb and KnappWebb and Knapp as the Director of as the Director of Architecture. While at Webb and Knapp, Pei worked on many large-Architecture. While at Webb and Knapp, Pei worked on many large-scale architectural and planning projects across the country.scale architectural and planning projects across the country.

Pei found his own architectural firm in 1955, which was known as I. Pei found his own architectural firm in 1955, which was known as I. M. Pei & Partners until 1989 when it became known as M. Pei & Partners until 1989 when it became known as Pei Cobb Freed & PartnersPei Cobb Freed & Partners recognizing recognizing James Ingo FreedJames Ingo Freed and and Henry N. CobbHenry N. Cobb..

Recipient of the Recipient of the Pritzker Architecture PrizePritzker Architecture Prize, 1983. , 1983. Recipient of the American Institute of Architects Gold Medal, 1979Recipient of the American Institute of Architects Gold Medal, 1979

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I.M. PieI.M. Pie

Due to his reliance on abstract form and materials Due to his reliance on abstract form and materials such as stone, concrete, glass, and steel, Pei has such as stone, concrete, glass, and steel, Pei has been considered a disciple of Walter Gropius been considered a disciple of Walter Gropius

However, Pei shows little concern with theory. He However, Pei shows little concern with theory. He does not believe that architecture must find forms does not believe that architecture must find forms to express the times or that it should remain to express the times or that it should remain isolated from commercial forces. isolated from commercial forces.

Pei generally designs sophisticated glass clad Pei generally designs sophisticated glass clad buildings loosely related to the high-tech buildings loosely related to the high-tech movement. However, many of his designs result movement. However, many of his designs result from original design concepts. from original design concepts.

He frequently works on a large scale and is He frequently works on a large scale and is renowned for his sharp, geometric designs.renowned for his sharp, geometric designs.

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Pei Cobb Freed and PartnersPei Cobb Freed and Partners

The founders of the firm were I.M. Pie, Eason H. The founders of the firm were I.M. Pie, Eason H. Leonard and Henry N. Cobb.Leonard and Henry N. Cobb.

The partners in the firm were Henry N. Cobb, The partners in the firm were Henry N. Cobb, Michael D. Flynn, George H. Miller, Ian Bader, Michael D. Flynn, George H. Miller, Ian Bader, Yvonne Szeto.Yvonne Szeto.

Since the formation of the firm in 1955, Pie Cobb Since the formation of the firm in 1955, Pie Cobb Freed and partners has completed more than 200 Freed and partners has completed more than 200 projects around the world. The clients have projects around the world. The clients have included major corporations, private developers included major corporations, private developers and public authorities, as well as educational, and public authorities, as well as educational, cultural and religious institutions. Included in the cultural and religious institutions. Included in the great diversity of building types that the firm has great diversity of building types that the firm has explored is an extensive collection of tall buildings.explored is an extensive collection of tall buildings.

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Some of the best known works are:Some of the best known works are: John F. Kennedy LibraryJohn F. Kennedy Library John Hancock TowerJohn Hancock Tower John Joseph Moakley CourthouseJohn Joseph Moakley Courthouse Morton H. Meyerson Symphony CentreMorton H. Meyerson Symphony Centre Fountain Palace: DallasFountain Palace: Dallas Bank Of China Tower: Hong KongBank Of China Tower: Hong Kong Jacob K. Javits Convention Centre: New YorkJacob K. Javits Convention Centre: New York National Constitution Centre On Independence National Constitution Centre On Independence

Mall: PhiladelphiaMall: Philadelphia Rock and Roll Hall of Fame: ClevelandRock and Roll Hall of Fame: Cleveland Expansion and modernization of Louvre Museum: Expansion and modernization of Louvre Museum:

ParisParis San Francisco Main Public LibrarySan Francisco Main Public Library East Building of the National Gallery of ArtEast Building of the National Gallery of Art Ronald Reagan BuildingRonald Reagan Building

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Meyerson Symphony Center Dallas

National Gallery of Art, East

Building, Washington, D.C.

Four Seasons Hotel New YorkUnited States Air Force

Memorial, Arlington, VA

U.S. Holocaust MemorialMuseum, Washington, D.C.

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Fountain Place, Dallas

San FranciscoMain Public Library

United States Courthouse and Harbor park, Boston

Charles Shipman Payson Building,Portland Museum of Art, Portland

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Among the firm’s many works in Among the firm’s many works in progress:progress:

1000 Connecticut Avenue: Washington D.C.1000 Connecticut Avenue: Washington D.C. Butler College Dormitories/Masters’ Butler College Dormitories/Masters’

Residences at Princeton UniversityResidences at Princeton University The Capital group Companies: IrvineThe Capital group Companies: Irvine

Recently completed works include:Recently completed works include: 1700 K Street: Washington D.C.1700 K Street: Washington D.C. Bellevue Hospital Centre Ambulatory Care Bellevue Hospital Centre Ambulatory Care

Facility: New YorkFacility: New York Edmund D. Bossone Research Enterprise Edmund D. Bossone Research Enterprise

Centre at Drexel University: PhiladelphiaCentre at Drexel University: Philadelphia

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Pyramide du LouvrePyramide du Louvre

Architect: I.M. PieArchitect: I.M. Pie Location: Paris, France Location: Paris, France

(1989)(1989) Building Type: Art Building Type: Art

Museum entranceMuseum entrance Construction System: Construction System:

glass and steel rods and glass and steel rods and cablecable

Climate: TemperateClimate: Temperate Context: UrbanContext: Urban Style: ModernStyle: Modern

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The large glass The large glass pyramid pyramid of le musée du of le musée du LouvreLouvre

View of the outside from inside The Louvre Pyramid

Exterior viewExterior view Inside northeast wall

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Louvre PyramidLouvre Pyramid

Louvre Pyramid is the large metal and glass Louvre Pyramid is the large metal and glass pyramid which serves as the main entrance to the pyramid which serves as the main entrance to the catacombs and has in the meantime become a catacombs and has in the meantime become a landmark for Paris.landmark for Paris.

It was built in 1989 by the architect I.M. Pie from It was built in 1989 by the architect I.M. Pie from New York.New York.

The structure was constructed entirely with glass The structure was constructed entirely with glass segments, reaches a height of 20.6 meters (about segments, reaches a height of 20.6 meters (about 70 feet); its square base has side of 35 meters (115 70 feet); its square base has side of 35 meters (115 feet). feet).

It consists of 603 rhombus-shaped and 70 It consists of 603 rhombus-shaped and 70 triangular glass segmentstriangular glass segments..

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The construction of the pyramid triggered The construction of the pyramid triggered considerable controversy, many people considerable controversy, many people feeling that this futuristic edifice looks feeling that this futuristic edifice looks quite out of place in front of the Louvre quite out of place in front of the Louvre Museum with its classical architecture.Museum with its classical architecture.

Some of the people appreciated the Some of the people appreciated the contrasting architectural styles as a contrasting architectural styles as a successful merger of the old and the new, successful merger of the old and the new, the classical and the ultra-modern.the classical and the ultra-modern.

The main pyramid is actually only the The main pyramid is actually only the largest of several glass pyramids that were largest of several glass pyramids that were constructed near the museum, including constructed near the museum, including the downward- pointing La Pyramide the downward- pointing La Pyramide Inversee that functions as a skylight in an Inversee that functions as a skylight in an underground mall in front of the museum.underground mall in front of the museum.

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Of all the grand projects in Paris, none created such Of all the grand projects in Paris, none created such a stir as the Pie Pyramids in the courtyard of the a stir as the Pie Pyramids in the courtyard of the famous Louvre Museum. Spectacular in concept and famous Louvre Museum. Spectacular in concept and form, they provide a startling remainder of the form, they provide a startling remainder of the audacious ability of modern architects to invigorate audacious ability of modern architects to invigorate and re-circulate traditional architectural forms.and re-circulate traditional architectural forms.

The main pyramid is basically a complex inter-The main pyramid is basically a complex inter-linked steel structure sheathed in reflective glass.linked steel structure sheathed in reflective glass.

It is an entrance doorway providing a long entrance It is an entrance doorway providing a long entrance portico to the main galleries of the Louvre.portico to the main galleries of the Louvre.

As one descends into the interior entrance foyer, As one descends into the interior entrance foyer, the dramatic nature of the intervention becomes the dramatic nature of the intervention becomes apparent.apparent.

The main pyramid, which disturbs the balance of The main pyramid, which disturbs the balance of the old Louvre courtyard, is countered by two the old Louvre courtyard, is countered by two smaller pyramids, which provide further light and smaller pyramids, which provide further light and ventilation to the subterranean spaces.ventilation to the subterranean spaces.

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Bank of China TowerBank of China Tower

Architect: I.M. PieArchitect: I.M. Pie Location: Hong Kong (1982-1990)Location: Hong Kong (1982-1990) Building Type: Skyscraper, commercial office towerBuilding Type: Skyscraper, commercial office tower Construction System: steel frame, glass curtain wallConstruction System: steel frame, glass curtain wall Climate: TropicalClimate: Tropical Context: UrbanContext: Urban Style: ModernStyle: Modern Planning: Graceful, concise and structurally Planning: Graceful, concise and structurally

expressive, triangular stepped-back plan.expressive, triangular stepped-back plan. Height: Antenna/Spire=369 meters, Roof=315 Height: Antenna/Spire=369 meters, Roof=315

meters, Floor count=70.meters, Floor count=70.

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Bank of China TowerBank of China Tower

The Bank of China Tower is The Bank of China Tower is one of the most recognized one of the most recognized skyscrapers in Central, Hong skyscrapers in Central, Hong Kong. It houses the Kong. It houses the headquarters for the Bank of headquarters for the Bank of China Limited.China Limited.

The building is 315 meters The building is 315 meters high with two masts reaching high with two masts reaching 369 meters (1200 feet) high.369 meters (1200 feet) high.

This 70 storey building was This 70 storey building was the tallest building in Hong the tallest building in Hong Kong and Asia from 1989 to Kong and Asia from 1989 to 1992, and first building 1992, and first building outside US to break the 1000 outside US to break the 1000 foot mark.foot mark.

It is now the third tallest It is now the third tallest skyscraper in Hong Kong.skyscraper in Hong Kong.

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Bank of China TowerBank of China Tower

The structural expressionism adopted in the The structural expressionism adopted in the design of this building resembles growing bamboo design of this building resembles growing bamboo shoots, symbolizing livelihood and prosperity.shoots, symbolizing livelihood and prosperity.

The whole structure is supported by the five steel The whole structure is supported by the five steel columns at the corners of the building, with the columns at the corners of the building, with the triangular frameworks transferring the weight of triangular frameworks transferring the weight of the structure onto these five columns.the structure onto these five columns.

The building has been criticized by some The building has been criticized by some practitioners of Feng Shui for its sharp edges and practitioners of Feng Shui for its sharp edges and its negative symbolism by the numerous ‘X’ its negative symbolism by the numerous ‘X’ shapes in its original design.shapes in its original design.

The building’s profile from some angles resembles The building’s profile from some angles resembles that of a clever.that of a clever.

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Hancock PalaceHancock Palace

Architect: I.M. PieArchitect: I.M. Pie Location: Boston, Location: Boston,

Massachusetts (1977)Massachusetts (1977) Building type: Building type:

skyscraper, commercial skyscraper, commercial office toweroffice tower

Construction system: Construction system: steel frame and glass steel frame and glass curtain wallcurtain wall

Climate: TemperateClimate: Temperate Context: UrbanContext: Urban Style: Corporate ModernStyle: Corporate Modern

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John Hancock TowerJohn Hancock Tower

The building is a 60-storey, 790 feet tall The building is a 60-storey, 790 feet tall (241 meters) skyscraper.(241 meters) skyscraper.

Like all large, heavily glazed buildings, the Like all large, heavily glazed buildings, the tower requires substantial air conditioning tower requires substantial air conditioning year round– even with its reflective walls.year round– even with its reflective walls.

The design of this tower took the glass The design of this tower took the glass monolith skyscraper concept to new monolith skyscraper concept to new heights. The tower is an achievement in heights. The tower is an achievement in minimalist, modernist skyscraper design.minimalist, modernist skyscraper design.

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Minimalism was the design principal behind the Minimalism was the design principal behind the tower. The largest panes of glass possible were tower. The largest panes of glass possible were used.used.

There are no spandrels panels, and the mullions There are no spandrels panels, and the mullions are minimal.are minimal.

Pie added a geometric modernist twist by using a Pie added a geometric modernist twist by using a parallelogram shape for the tower floor plan.parallelogram shape for the tower floor plan.

From the most common views, this design makes From the most common views, this design makes the corners of the tower appear very sharp.the corners of the tower appear very sharp.

The highly reflective window glass is tinted slightly The highly reflective window glass is tinted slightly blue, which results in the tower having only a blue, which results in the tower having only a slight contrast with the sky on a clear day.slight contrast with the sky on a clear day.

As a final modernist touch, the short sides of the As a final modernist touch, the short sides of the parallelogram are marked with a deep vertical parallelogram are marked with a deep vertical notch, breaking the tower’s mass and emphasizing notch, breaking the tower’s mass and emphasizing its verticality.its verticality.

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Falling glass panesFalling glass panes

The building's most dangerous and conspicuous The building's most dangerous and conspicuous flaw was its faulty glass windows. flaw was its faulty glass windows.

Entire 227 kg windowpanes detached from the Entire 227 kg windowpanes detached from the building and crashed to the sidewalk hundreds of building and crashed to the sidewalk hundreds of feet below. The surrounding streets whenever feet below. The surrounding streets whenever winds reached 72 km/h were closed.winds reached 72 km/h were closed.

The problem was a combination of the double-The problem was a combination of the double-paned glass construction method, and the paned glass construction method, and the pressure differentials between the inside and pressure differentials between the inside and outside air. outside air.

All panes were replaced by a different heat-All panes were replaced by a different heat-treated variety and plywood replaced the treated variety and plywood replaced the building's windows.building's windows.

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Rock and Roll Hall of FameRock and Roll Hall of Fame

Architect: I.M. PieArchitect: I.M. Pie Location: Cleveland, Location: Cleveland,

Ohio (1998)Ohio (1998) Building type: museum, Building type: museum,

hall of famehall of fame Climate: temperateClimate: temperate Style: electic modernStyle: electic modern Main feature are the Main feature are the

glazed pyramidoids glazed pyramidoids combined with various combined with various solids.solids.

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Rock and Roll Hall of FameRock and Roll Hall of Fame

This museum is dedicated to recording the This museum is dedicated to recording the history of some of the best known and most history of some of the best known and most influential artists, producers, and other people influential artists, producers, and other people who have in some major way influenced the who have in some major way influenced the music industry, particularly in the area of music industry, particularly in the area of rock rock and rolland roll..

The museum documents the entire history of The museum documents the entire history of rock and roll, regardless of induction status. rock and roll, regardless of induction status. Hall of Fame inductees are honored in a Hall of Fame inductees are honored in a special exhibit inside the museum’s spire.special exhibit inside the museum’s spire.

While the museum is located in Cleveland, the While the museum is located in Cleveland, the induction ceremony is held in New York City.induction ceremony is held in New York City.

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AIA National Honor AwardsAIA National Honor Awards

College Conservatory of Music University of CincinnatiCollege Conservatory of Music University of Cincinnati United States Holocaust Memorial MuseumUnited States Holocaust Memorial Museum The Morton H. Meyerson Symphony CentreThe Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Centre Fountain PlaceFountain Place Jacob K. Javits Convention CentreJacob K. Javits Convention Centre IBM Corporate Office BuildingIBM Corporate Office Building Charles Shipman Payson Building, Portland Museum of Charles Shipman Payson Building, Portland Museum of

ArtArt Fragrant Hill HotelFragrant Hill Hotel National Gallery of Art, East BuildingNational Gallery of Art, East Building John Hancock TowerJohn Hancock Tower Everson Museum of ArtEverson Museum of Art

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Laura Spelman Rockefeller Halls, Princeton UniversityLaura Spelman Rockefeller Halls, Princeton University 88 Pine Street (Wall Street Plaza)88 Pine Street (Wall Street Plaza) Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell UniversityHerbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University Paul Mellon Centre for the Arts, The Choate SchoolPaul Mellon Centre for the Arts, The Choate School Des Moines Art Centre AdditionDes Moines Art Centre Addition Hoffman Hall, Graduate School of Business Hoffman Hall, Graduate School of Business

Administration, University of Southern CaliforniaAdministration, University of Southern California University Plaza, New York UniversityUniversity Plaza, New York University School of Journalism-S.I. Newhouse Communications School of Journalism-S.I. Newhouse Communications

CentreCentre Society HillSociety Hill East West Centre, University of HawaiiEast West Centre, University of Hawaii Denver Hilton Hotel Court House SquareDenver Hilton Hotel Court House Square May D&F Department Store Court House SquareMay D&F Department Store Court House Square

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Firm AwardsFirm Awards

The American Institute of Architects The American Institute of Architects Architectural Firm Award :June 24,1968Architectural Firm Award :June 24,1968

Poses Creative Arts Award for Poses Creative Arts Award for Architecture :April 1,1981Architecture :April 1,1981

Chicago Architectural Award :June 14,1985Chicago Architectural Award :June 14,1985 Construction Specifications Institute The Construction Specifications Institute The

Metropolitan New York Chapter Honor Metropolitan New York Chapter Honor Award :May 9,1990Award :May 9,1990

New York Society of Architects Lifetime New York Society of Architects Lifetime Achievement Award :November 19,1992Achievement Award :November 19,1992

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BibliographyBibliography

International Style : Modern Architecture from 1925 to International Style : Modern Architecture from 1925 to 1965--- Hasan Uddin Khan1965--- Hasan Uddin Khan

New Forms : Architecture in the 1990’s --- Philip JodidoNew Forms : Architecture in the 1990’s --- Philip Jodido Sky High Living : Contemporary High Rise Apartments and Sky High Living : Contemporary High Rise Apartments and

Mixed Use Buildings --- Georges Binder/Donald J. Mixed Use Buildings --- Georges Binder/Donald J. TrumpTrump

Glass in Architecture : Michael WiggintonGlass in Architecture : Michael Wigginton New Vernacular Architecture : Vicky RichardsonNew Vernacular Architecture : Vicky Richardson Modern Architecture Since 1900 : William J.R. CurnsModern Architecture Since 1900 : William J.R. Curns New Building Today : Architecture of the 1990’sNew Building Today : Architecture of the 1990’s

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WebliographyWebliography

en.wikipedia.orgen.wikipedia.org architecture.about.comarchitecture.about.com France.archiseek.comFrance.archiseek.com www.greatbuildingsonline.comwww.greatbuildingsonline.com www.designboom.comwww.designboom.com www.pcfandp.comwww.pcfandp.com www.pritzkerprize.comwww.pritzkerprize.com www.noogenesis.comwww.noogenesis.com www.earchitect.co.ukwww.earchitect.co.uk www.answers.comwww.answers.com www.archiplant.orgwww.archiplant.org www.encyclopedia.comwww.encyclopedia.com www.designcommunity.comwww.designcommunity.com