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Aquaculture Scoop December 2012 Issue

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    Issue 1 December 2012

    ISSUE1

    ofAquacultureScoop

    quarterlymagazine

    IN THIS ISSUE...Is chronic exposure to Nitrate

    Nitrogen a hidden danger

    to Trout in RAS?

    OGSI leads the way in Onsite

    Oxygen Technology for Aquaculture

    Improve your business and keep your

    customers koi and other fsh

    alive this winter?

    The commercial use of

    TAERATION Air-Injection

    technology

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    Editorial

    Welcome to the rst issue of Aquaculture Scoop, a new online supplement to complement our AquacultureDirectory for the aquaculture industry. Aquaculture Scoop will be publishing four issues per year focusing on

    technology.

    We start our rst issue with a focus on recirculation technology featuring articles from industry professionals

    covering a variety of topics from Nitrogen Nitrate being a hidden danger to trout, Oxygen in the water, heater

    technology and air injection technology.

    AQUACULTURE 2013 is the place to learn about the latest in aquaculture, see the newest technology in the trade

    show and have a great time in the many fantastic restaurants, and entertainment sites in Nashville a city of

    culture and history, of haute cuisine, natural beauty and pure Southern charm! Being held February 21-25, its a

    show that shouldnt be missed. Keep up to date with other industry events by visiting

    http://aquaculturedirectory.co.uk/aquaculture-events-2/.

    If you have a topic that you would like to see covered, why not get in touch with us.

    NISA Media Ltd

    14 Clarke Way

    Cheltenham

    GL50 4AX

    UK

    Editorial Manager

    Nicky BarnesTel: +44 117 2306494

    Email: [email protected]

    International Marketing Manager

    Sabby Major

    Tel: +44 117 2306493

    Email: [email protected]

    News Editor

    Martin Little

    Email: [email protected]

    Contents

    Is chronic exposure to Nitrate Nitrogen ahidden danger to Trout in RAS ...........................................................................................................3

    OGSI leads the way in Onsite

    Oxygen Technology for Aquaculture ..............................................................................5

    Improve your business and keep your

    customers koi and other sh alive this winter ............................................................7

    TAERATION Air-Injection technology in

    commercial super intensive closedrecirculating aquaculture systems ................................................................................9

    Aquaculture Events 2013 ........................................................................................................12

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    Modest levels of nitrate nitrogen in the 75 to 100 mg/L range

    may be more harmful to aquaculture-raised rainbow trout than

    producers realize. A team of scientists at the Conservation Funds

    Freshwater Institute led by John Davidson documented deformities

    and signicant behavioral changes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus

    mykiss) raised in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) with

    nitrate nitrogen concentrations at levels less than one-tenth the

    recommended maximum nitrate nitrogen level of 1,000 mg/L. They

    believe the changes were spurred by chronic exposure to nitrate

    nitrogen.

    If you see a problem in your system, dont disregard nitrate nitrogen

    as a possible cause, warns Davidson.

    Davidson and his colleagues almost did exactly that. They had

    designed a study comparing recirculating systems with various rates

    of water exchange. Where hydraulic retention time was longer and

    the feed loading rate was high, nitrate nitrogen and other water

    quality parameters grew more concentrated and the researchers

    observed sh swimming faster. Many of the sh swam on their

    sides, an unusual behavior possibly linked to abnormalities in their

    swim bladders or skeletal deformities. Fish in near-zero exchange

    recirculation systems also tended to gasp or yawn at the surface

    of the water, and had higher rates of skeletal deformities and

    mortality than sh in more frequently-refreshed tanks.

    The biggest surprise to us as we were trying to determine why

    the sh were behaving the way they were was the possibility of a

    connection to nitrate nitrogen, says Davidson. Because of the

    literature we had been used to reading, we didnt even consider

    nitrate nitrogen as a parameter of concern until I plotted it out and

    saw a very close correlation.

    Davidson and his team published their ndings in Aquacultural

    Engineering last autumn.

    Health and Welfare

    Davidson notes that the conventional limit for nitrate nitrogen in

    aquaculture tank water for rainbow trout is based on an LC50

    value, a concentration that kills half the population. But sublethal

    concentrations may be quietly stealing prots and creating

    unhealthy conditions.

    If sh are stressed based on a water quality parameter thats

    present, that could impact performance in other ways, like feed

    conversion or growth rate, he says.

    In tanks with low water exchange rates, high feed loading rates and

    high nitrate nitrogen concentrations, trout swam as much as

    twice as fast

    More information contact:

    YSI

    1725 Brannum Lane

    Yellow Springs

    OH 45387, USA

    Tel: +1 937 7677241 x521

    Web: ww.ysi.com

    Aquaculture Scoop

    High-exchange RAS with few side swimming trout.

    Low-exchange RAS with increased number of side swimming trout.

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    as their counterparts in high-exchange recirculating systems as

    fast as 49 cm/sec, well above the speed of the tanks current.

    Davidson suspects that sustained fast swimming can lead to higher

    oxygen demand, lactic acid buildup in muscle tissue, exhaustion, and

    even deformities that contribute to side-swimming behavior.

    As soon as you start seeing behavioral changes, youve got to start

    thinking about sh welfare, he adds. The aquaculture industry is

    working hard to stay ahead of activist groups who are beginning

    to set their sights on sh production after attacks on poultry, hog,dairy and beef production, Davidson notes understanding the

    appropriate levels of nitrate nitrogen and other parameters will be a

    vital step in maintaining sh welfare standards that can withstand

    outside scrutiny.

    Monitoring Nitrate Nitrogen

    Nitrate nitrogen levels can build up in RAS systems rapidly as sh

    excrete ammonia nitrogen and bioltration systems convert the

    ammonia nitrogen to nitrate and then to nitrate nitrogen. Davidson

    and his team monitored nitrate nitrogen levels carefully using two

    standard lab testing protocols, as well as with the YSI Professional

    Plus handheld, multiparameter meter. He says instant readings from

    the handheld meter will be important for staying on top of nitrate

    nitrogen levels in commercial settings.

    Because nitrate nitrogen appears to be a much more critical water

    quality parameter than once thought, I think the Pro Plus with the

    nitrate probe could be an important monitoring tool for aquaculture

    system managers, particularly for those who operate RAS at

    low to near-zero water exchange rates at which nitrate nitrogen

    accumulates to relatively high levels, he says. The Pro Plus was

    easy to use and calibration of the nitrate probe was simple and

    straightforward.

    Grab sampling and conducting a lab nitrate nitrogen analysis can

    take a half-hour or more in his labs six-tank system, Davidson adds.

    Depending on how many tanks you have to do, that adds up, he

    says. With the Pro Plus, you can turn the meter on, do a quick

    calibration, and drop the probe in the tank water. Thats a pretty big

    time savings.

    In addition to its nitrate nitrogen measuring capabilities, the Pro Plus

    can be equipped with probes for a wide variety of other key water

    quality parameters, including dissolved oxygen (DO), conductivity,

    specic conductance, salinity, resistivity, total dissolved solids

    (TDS), oxidation reduction potential (ORP), ammonium, chloride and

    temperature. With YSIs Quatro cable, four probes can be used at

    once for DO, temperature, conductivity/salinity, and any two ISEs -

    pH, ORP, ammonium, nitrate or chloride.

    Davidson found that the Pro Plus nitrate nitrogen readings were quite

    close to lab test values no more than a 10 percent difference.

    Based on what we saw, it was within the appropriate range to make

    an educated decision on whether to reduce nitrate nitrogen levels in

    an aquaculture tank, he says.

    Aquaculture Scoop 4

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    Oxygen Generating Systems Intl [OGSI] is the leading manufacturer of onsite

    oxygen generators. Using Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) technology, OGSI

    offers a complete line of oxygen generators and oxygen cylinder lling plants

    (CFPs). They currently have oxygen plants in over 70 countries worldwide,

    serving many diverse markets including: sh farming (aquaculture) and ozone

    water treatment. The OGSI Aquaculture System is specically designed for

    aquaculture applications and is efcient and cost-effective. It enables sh

    farms to dissolve oxygen in any size tank. Farms are able to increase stocking

    densities. The sh are also healthier and have better taste when raised in

    an oxygen rich environment. The investment in an oxygen system is typically

    recovered within two years meaning that the return on investment (ROI) is

    greater than 50 percent per year.

    How it WorksA side stream of water from the raceway, pond or tank is pumped at elevated

    pressure through a venturi nozzle, where oxygen is injected. The water becomes

    saturated with oxygen and is then distributed through high velocity mixing

    nozzles along the bottom surface of the raceway, pond or tank. Oxygen ow

    rates can either be manually regulated or automatically controlled using a

    dissolved oxygen (DO) analyzer and probe. By closing the loop with a signal

    that is fed back from the DO meter, the oxygen system can be turned on and off

    automatically, as needed.

    Systems Available

    The OG-15 Oxygen Generator is a small and convenient turnkey oxygen

    generating system. It is safe, dependable and easy to run. Its maintenance-free

    operation provides a quick way to meet your immediate oxygen needs. Larger

    models are available (Oxygen Generators) to suit the requirements of larger

    sh and hatcheries and ponds. The larger models range from 25 SCFH to 5000

    SCFH (5tpd).

    OGSI has a great deal of experience supplying oxygen to aquaculture facilities

    that raise a variety of sh species, among them trout, striped bass, tilapia and

    shrimp. The application engineers at OGSI can assess your facilitys operating

    needs and design an oxygen system to meet your specic needs.

    If oxygen is needed in cylinders for use in transportation or remote handling

    cylinder lling plants are available. These are systems that will immediately

    eliminate the high cost of delivered oxygen. No more spending valuable time

    changing and returning heavy oxygen cylinders. The CFPs can automatically

    rell your oxygen cylinders for 24/7 availability and relieve you of yourdependence on delivered oxygen. OGSI offers complete CFPs, with capacities

    up to 500 cylinders per day. You can reduce your live haul expenses with these

    systems by lling your own cylinders.

    Benets of Installing an OGSI Oxygen Generator or Cylinder Filling Plant:

    - Increase stock density by maintaining a higher level of Dissolved Oxygen (DO)

    - Produce larger quantities of high quality sh

    - Increase reproduction rates

    - Ensure the avor of sh by providing a clean environment

    - Prevent ice from forming during winter months

    - Increase the oxygen content over a typical air-fed aerating system

    - Ensure uniform DO levels throughout tanks and ponds

    - Provide feed gas to an existing ozone generator for disinfection

    More information contact:

    Oxygen Generating Systems Intl

    Division of Audubon Machinery

    814 Wurlitzer DriveNorth Tonawanda,

    NY 14120, USA

    Tel: +1 716 5645165

    Web: www.ogsi.com

    Aquaculture Scoo

    http://www.ogsi.com/oxygengeneratorshttp://www.ogsi.com/oxygengenerators
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    AQUA NOR 2013InternatIOnaL eXHIBItIOn, 13- 16 august, trOndHeIm, nOrWaY

    AQUA NOR - the most important internationalvenue or the aquaculture industry.

    FOCUS ON THE FUTURE!Get to know the latest and most advanced aquaculture technology.Meet practitioners rom over 50 countries and expand your network.

    International conerences and seminars beore and during Aqua Norwill ocus on new research and opportunities in the aquacultureindustry.

    Exhibitor, visitor or conerence participant?www.nor-fshing.no

    The Nor-Fishing FoundationTl +47 73 56 86 40, Fax +47 73 56 86 41, [email protected]

    Aquaculture Scoop 6

    DanAqua is the exhibition of the future for the fish farming sector.

    It offers producers and other suppliers to the aquaculture sector an

    outstanding opportunity to come into contact with affluent guests

    from all corners of the world.

    Make the most of the synergy between DanFish and DanAqua and save

    on your marketing costs, because now it is no longer necessary to take

    part in several exhibitions - all customer segments will be coming

    to Aalborg.

    PAY-OFF.DK

    DanFish is one of the worlds most important exhibitions for equip-

    ment and services for the fisheries industry and a unique forum fornetworking among the international exhibitors and visitors.

    In 2011, DanFish welcomed 350 exhibitors from 25 countries

    and more than 13,000 visitors, including a number of invited key

    buyers from all corners of the world.

    AQUACULTUREEXHIBITION IN DENMARK

    Dont worry its soeasy to get to Aalborg

    danaqua.net danfish.com

    Book a stand: Lasse H. Jessen, tel. +45 9935 550 9, [email protected]

    Else Herfort, tel. +45 9935 5518, [email protected]

    AALBORG CONGRESS & CULTURE CENTRE9, 10 AND 11 OCTOBER 2013

    On this new blog we will be looking at all aspects of the aquaculture industry, as well

    as covering news from the shing industry. Read about events, aquafeed, veterinary

    news, and recirculations systems to open ocean pen farming, looking at new

    technologies, from around the world.

    AquaDirect runs side by side with our online resource Aquaculture Directory,

    publishing press releases form key companies and key gures in the aquaculture

    industry, book releases and information from global sources. As well as covering

    stories from countries and companies developing new aquaculture farms and

    technologies and feed development to deliver, a sustainable food source for the Global

    DirectA new blog from NISA Media Ltd, bringing together news stories from around the world.

    Keep up to date with the latest news at http://aquaculturedirect.blogspot.co.uk/

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    Are you taking advantage of

    a new heater technology to

    improve your business and

    keep your customers koi and

    other sh alive this winter?Until now aquaculture immersion heaters have used an internal

    resistance wire as the heat source. Now there are electric immersion

    heaters available using PTC (Positive Temperature Coefcient)

    ceramic chips as the heat source. Heaters using PTC offer

    advantages over traditional resistance heaters including increased

    safety, greater reliability, and a lower operating cost.

    Electric heaters made with resistance wire:

    Traditional immersion heaters use resistance wire as the sourceof heat. Resistance wire is commonly used in toasters and electric

    water heaters and is usually a nickel/chromium alloy. It will typically

    heat to around 900F.

    When an electric immersion heater using resistance wire operates in

    air or becomes covered with solid buildup (such as sh waste), the

    heat is not able to dissipate quickly enough. This results in a rapid

    increase in operating temperature. Elevated temperatures shorten

    the heater life and can damage surrounding plastic materials

    including pond liners.

    To protect these materials from high-temperature damage, electric

    immersion heaters often include a built-in heater over-temperature

    cutoff device called a protector. The protector senses the surfacetemperature of the heater and trips if it gets too hot. This shuts the

    heater off. While the protector is a necessary safety device, a heater

    that is shut off may threaten the pond or tank inhabitants.

    More information contact:

    Edward Dulzer

    Process Technology

    7010 Lindsay DriveMentor,

    Ohio 44060, USA

    Tel: +1 440 9741300

    Web: www.process-technology.com

    Aquaculture Scoop

    SmartOne 90 exible cord metal bottom

    heater with EasyPlug control option

    SmartOne axial exible cord metal bottom

    heater with EasyPlug control option

    Example of PTC ceramic chips

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    As Don Campbell, First Ascent Fish Farm, explains, this is one of

    his primary concerns with his current equipment. We train our

    customers in both programming and care of the heater/controller.

    However, too frequently the folks we train are not the folks cleaning

    the tanks between deliveries and the heater is not unplugged,leading to a blown fuse [protector].

    After a protector has tripped it must be replaced. If there is no

    protector onsite, the tank or pond may suffer a loss of heat. For a

    supplier or keeper of live sh, this can result in increased mortality.

    Electric heaters made with PTC chips:

    Electric heaters using PTC chips do not use resistance wire as

    a source of heat. Instead, they use PTC (Positive Temperature

    Coefcient) chips. When the chip temperature increases, its electrical

    resistance also increases, resulting in decreased heat output. As the

    PTC chips heat up, they will reach a designed temperature at which

    they cannot get any hotter. Thus, PTC chips have a predetermined

    temperature limit.

    No protectors to replace.

    Thermal protectors are not necessary with PTC electric immersion

    heaters. Their self-limiting capability offers the safety of a protector

    built directly into the heater core. This eliminates downtime caused

    by a tripped protector and the need

    for replacements.

    PTC heaters will not damage tanks or liners.

    PTC immersion heaters have a maximum surface temperature of

    518F when in air and manufactured with -inch spacers so they

    will not damage tank or pond liner materials. They will not damagetanks made from polyethylene (PE), high-density polyethylene

    (HDPE), berglass, polypropylene (PP), CPVC or PVC as well as other

    materials (see chart).

    PTC heaters can operate in air or with solids buildup.

    A resistance heater will overheat if operated in air, covered by scale

    or solid waste. This elevated temperature can shorten the life of the

    heater by several months. With PTC heaters the potential for burnout

    is eliminated, thereby increasing service life. (Removing the material

    from the surface of the PTC heater or putting it back in water will

    raise the heat output accordingly.)

    According to Campbell, the advantages offered by PTC heaters,

    could pay for themselves in both labor savings and fewer mortalitiesin less than one year.

    Aquaculture Scoop 8

    Example of resistance wire found in traditional resistance-style electric

    immersion heaters (which is no longer needed in PTC heaters)

    SmartOne family of PTC electric

    immersion heaters

    www.PTSmartone.com

    www.processtechnology.com

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    Introduction

    Viral diseases outbreaks in the aquaculture industry and the

    negative impact in the environment due to massive water exchange

    practices of the traditional pond farming are two of the main

    problems the aquaculture industry is facing now. The use of closed

    super intensive commercial RAS has become an alternative that can

    alleviate these problems.

    In managing commercial closed RAS system for shrimp and tilapia

    during the last 10 year, I have been facing one common problem

    how to keep optimal-high levels of dissolve oxygen during the

    whole production cycle? Stocking at high densities and feeding

    rates create stress on the system which immediate manifestation

    is on the oxygen concentration in the water. In looking at dif ferent

    than traditional alternatives (different than traditional blowers,

    paddle-wheels, air-lifts, diffusing hoses) I started working back in

    2007 with Advanced Industrial Aeration with the commercial use of

    TAERATION a non-venturi patent air injection technology that allows

    transfer oxygen at higher rates using up to 40% less energy than

    more common O2 diffusing systems.

    The newly patented non-venturi aeration nozzle uses a centrifugal

    pump to draw water from one end of the pond and injects oxygen

    at the other end through the TAERATION nozzle. The system

    simultaneously aerates, degasses and mixes with one energy source.

    Specically, there is an ultra-ne micro bubble with a transfer rate of2.8% per foot of depth which is naturally aspirated delivering an air

    to water ratio of 3/1.

    This is an entirely new method of aeration that does not require

    air blowers. Our Patented Technology transfers so much dissolved

    Oxygen that in a clean water test we reach maximum saturation in

    the time it takes to ow only half of the containment. Our process

    is simple; we draw from one end and inject the water in the other

    end through our patented Taeration Nozzle. This exclusive Push-Pull

    system allows for complete circulation and De-Stratication of your

    containment regardless of shape or depth. Drawing in only ambient

    air we are capable of air/water ratios as high as 10 to 1 and are

    achieving this using a fraction of the Horse Power used by all

    other methods.

    Aquaculture Scoop

    More information

    contact:

    Jorge LangoIntegral Aquaculture Services

    Priv. Florida #3 Int.1 Sabalo CountryClub.

    Mazatln,SIN. 82110 MexicoTel: +521 669 1507892Skype: jorge.lango1

    Twitter: @jorge_lango

    James TerryAdvanced Industrial Aeration

    1212 Catherine St

    OrlandoFL 32801, USATel: +1 813 5056273www.aiaaeration.com

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    Aeration

    With the highest transfer rate per ft. of depth (2.8%) our technology

    transfers more of what the EPA denes as a "micro-bubble" than any

    other method available today. In fact in a clean water test we reach

    maximum saturation of the entire containment after re-circulating

    only half of the containment through our Taeration nozzle regardless

    of its shape or depth. More O2 results in higher densities and faster

    growth rates.

    Mixing and Circulation

    Drawing water from one end and injecting it back into the opposite

    end ensures proper circulation and disbursement of the O2 through-

    out. This creates great water ow or tank velocity, but also keeps the

    oc in suspension eliminating problematic ammonia pocket.

    De-Gassing

    Our Taeration technology injects air and water at a ratio averaging

    of 3 to 1. For each gallon of water that ows through the nozzle, 3

    gallons of air are entrained and injected out the exit cylinder. Oftenoverlooked and rarely tested for this high ratio de-gasses CO2 and

    other noxious gasses from the water.

    Commercial Experience in Intensive Shrimp Broodstock rearing

    system.

    In the rst trial in a shrimp Broodstock rearing commercial facility,

    Litopennaeus vannamei were stocked at an initial density of 0.5 kg/

    m into concrete ponds with volumes measuring 240m. Trial one ran

    from May 27, 2008 through July 17, 2008. Trial two ran from June

    29, 2008 through November 25, 2008. Trial three ran from August

    12, 2008 through December 21, 2008. Final densities reached 1.5-

    1.8kg/m upon harvesting.

    The animals in all trials were fed based on the average weight of theshrimp. For example, if the average weight was 5.0g, they were fed

    (5g)(5%)(population). When the average weight was 20g, they were

    fed 3% of that weight until at 25g or more, the percentage bottomed

    out at 2.0%. Parameters measured on a weekly basis included

    average weight of shrimp (g) in order to calculate average growth per

    week, total ammonia (TAN), nitrite, nitrate, and alkalinity using Hach

    reagents and the Hach DR/890 colorimeter. Parameters measured

    on a daily basis included dissolved oxygen (mg/L) and temperature

    (C) using the YSI 550A. Density (kg/m) was calculated on a weekly

    basis.

    TAERATION technology provides a higher than acceptable ow

    through the entire pond. As noted above, dissolved oxygen levels

    were never reported below 6.2 mg/L. pH ranges were 7.7-8.3 in all

    three trials. Total ammonia (TAN) did not exceed 0.7 mg/L in any trial;

    nitrite did not exceed 2.42 mg/L in any trial. The range for alkalinity

    in all trials was 124-200 mg/L.

    Trials 1, 2 and 3 respectively showed survival rates of 87%, 88% and

    93% and nal harvest size of 25g, 42g and 35g. The feed conversion

    ratio for all trials averaged 1.81.

    Commercial experience in shrimp super intensive closed RAS.An 87-day study was conducted in two newly constructed EPDM-

    lined raceways (each RW approximately 34 m long x 3 m wide). RWs

    were each lled with a mixture of seawater (50 m3) and biooc-rich

    water (30 m3). To provide aeration, mixing, and circulation, a total of

    14 non-Venturi TAERATION nozzles were positioned parallel to the

    direction of ow along the bottom of each RWs wall.

    Aquaculture Scoop 10

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    In addition, one nozzle was used to power a home-made foam

    fractionator to enable removal of particulate and dissolved organic

    matter. Two pumps (total of 5 hp) were used to power the 15 nozzles

    in each RW. Shrimp (8.5 g) were stocked at 270/m3 (213/ m2).

    Shrimp were fed a 35% CP diet. Freshwater was added (0.1 m3/d) to

    maintain salinity, and RWs were maintained with no water exchange.

    Each RW was equipped with a DO monitoring system (YSI 5200).

    Water temperature, salinity, DO, and pH were monitored twice/d.

    TAN, NO2-N, NO3-N, alkalinity, SS, turbidity, TSS, VSS, and cBOD5

    were monitored at least once a week. TAN and NO2-N remained very

    low (>0.5 mg/L) throughout the study. Mean temperature, salinity,

    pH, and DO were: 30 C, 30.8 psu, 7.0, and 5.8 mg/L, respectively.

    Atmospheric air was used to maintain high DO throughout the study,

    concluding with 90% survival and an average yield of 6.4 kg/m3.

    Shrimp growth averaged 1.4 g/wk with mean nal weights of 26.2 g.

    Commercial experience in tilapia super intensive closed RAS.

    We are producing market size tilapia at commercial level in intensive

    closed biooc RAS replacing all the traditional air devices (blowers &

    diffusing hoses) with the TAERATION technology.

    We are stocking 6,500 tilapia 30 gr juveniles in 140 m3 circular

    tanks (12.4 m ) and keep them during the grow out cycle until

    harvest size at 700 gr. This is a zero water exchange biooc systemthat only recovers evaporation loses.

    The TAERATION commercial system is producing 30 kg/m3 of

    700 gr tilapia (4.5 MT/Tk) in a 6 month cycle at an FCR of 1.2 and

    average nal survival of 93%

    Comments.

    Over the last few years, we have been proving that the use of

    TAERATION Technology in the design, operation and managing of

    commercial super intensive closed RAS for shrimp and tilapia is a

    very efcient alternative to traditional aquaculture aeration systems

    and ts perfectly in the super intensive management innovative

    concept.

    Jorge Lango, Director & Consultant at Integral Aquaculture Services,

    was the rst person to bring and manage this new technology in

    the aquaculture industry and he also work with Advanced Industrial

    Aeration as Sales Representative and Solution Support worldwide.

    Water parameters are keeping as follows:

    Water Quality Parameters Observed Range

    Temperature 27 30C

    Dissolved Oxygen 5.0 7.0 ppm

    CO2 Less than 10 ppm

    pH 7.2 7.8

    Total Hardness (CaCO3) More than 150 ppm

    Total Alkalinity 130 a 180 ppm

    Total Ammonia Less than 1 mg/lt

    Non-ionized Ammonia (NH3) Less than 0.03 mg/lt

    Nitrite (NO2) Less than 0.5 mg/lt

    Nitrate (NO3) Less than 80 mg/lt

    1 Aquaculture Scoop

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    January 2013

    29th-31st January

    International Production &

    Processing Expo (IPPE),Atlanta, USA

    February 2013

    18th-19th February

    Aquaculture Forum

    Bremerhaven 2012-2013,

    Workshop III,

    Bremerhaven, Germany

    21st-25th FebruaryAquaculture 2013,

    Nashville, USA

    March 2013

    13th-15th March

    Aquatic Asia 2013,

    Bangkok, Thailand

    17th-21st March

    9th International Conferenceon Molluscan Shellsh

    Safety (ICMSS),

    Sydney Australia

    26th-28th March

    AGRA Middle East,

    Dubai, UAE

    April 2013

    4th-5th April13th Aquaculture Insurance &

    Risk Management Conference

    Istanbul, Turkey

    8th-12th April

    The 4th Global Feed and

    Food Congress (GFFC),

    Sun City, South Africa

    25th-28th April

    Aqua Feed Workshop

    Feed & Biomass,

    Uzwil, Switzerland

    May 2013

    30th May-2nd June

    Aquarama 2013,

    Suntec City, Singapore

    June 2013

    5th-7th June

    Indo Livestock 2013

    Expo & Forum,

    Bali, Indonesia

    6th-8th June

    Future Fish Eurasia,

    Izmir, Turkey

    August 2013

    9th-12th August

    Aquaculture Europe 2013,

    Trondheim, Norway

    13th-16th August

    AquaNor,

    Trondheim, Norway

    September 2013

    23rd-24th September

    Aquaculture Forum Bremerhaven

    2012-2013, Workshop IV,

    Bremerhaven, Germany

    October 2013

    6th-10th October

    Tenth International Symposium

    on Tilapia in Aquaculture,Jerusalem, Israel

    7th-9th October

    Fish & Fish Tech Exhibition

    Cairo, Egypt

    9th-11th October

    DanAqua

    Aalborg Congress &

    Culture Centre,

    Aalborg, Denmark

    November 2013

    3rd-7th November

    The Aquaculture Elsevier

    Conference,

    Las Palmas, Gran Canaria

    7th-9th November

    Expo Pesca & Acuiperu,

    Lima, Peru

    20th-22nd November

    XII International Symposium

    on Aquaculture Nutrition,

    Tabasco, Mexico

    December 2013

    10th-13th December

    Asian Pacic Aquaculture 2013,

    Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Please visit

    http://aquaculturedirectory.co.uk/aquaculture-events-2/

    for more information on these events

    2 Aquaculture Scoop

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  • 7/28/2019 Aquaculture Scoop December 2012 Issue

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    well as full company contact details. All our information is checked and verified before being

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