Aquaculture Annie Doerr EEES 4730 .

Aquaculture

Annie DoerrEEES 4730

http://s3.hubimg.com/u/3095722_f260.jpg

Goal : General Understanding of Aquaculture

Origins

Aquaculture today

Benefits and concerns

Possible solutions

oxbow lakes reserviors

monsoon waters netted coveshttp://serc.carleton.edu/resources/2528.html http://farwestsocialclub.com

http://www.anra.gov.au/topics/coasts/condition/index.htmlhttp://www.africam.com/images/cam_info/nkorho_location.jpg

Origins

Recent History

•50% seafood comes from aquaculture (SIC)

•Aquaculture contribution to seafood supply increased from 3.9% (1970) to 29.9% (2002) (FAO)

Recent History

•Aquaculture’s growing faster than any other meat industry

average growth since 1970:

aquaculture 8.9%/yrfisheries 1.2%/yrterrestrial meat 2.8%/yr (FAO)

Recent History4. Largest growth in China (FAO)

5. 2002: $60 billion value in US

http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5600e/y5600e04.htm#p_1

1970 2002

Basics

1. Aquaculture = farming aquatic organisms (fish, mollusks, crustaceans, aquatic plants)

1. Sources: wild capture (20%), hatchery (80%) (FAO)

freshwater culture(57.7%) mariculture (36.5%)

brackish-water (5.8%) sea ranchinghttp://www.mannafoundation.org/maeteng/maeteng1.jpg

http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/375832/enlargehttp://www.prwatch.org/files/images/fishfarm.jpg

http://seasteading.org/interact/forums/engineering/structure-designs/live-aboard-floating-platform-poor-aquaculture-a-susta

Benefits

Less expensive than industrial fishing - better human diets & less unsustainable fisheries

Decrease pressure on wild fish

Problems

1. Disease & parasites - spread to wild fish, antibiotics

2. Fish feed - ↓ stocks, “farming tigers”, raw feed spreads disease

3. Genetic pollution invasives - escaped domestic fish

http://www.noteworthytips.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/fish_net_8392.jpg

Problems4. Loss of natural habitat - invasive captures,

farm location (20% mangrove destruction)

5. Pollution from concentrated sewage - smother benthos, eutrophication, ↓ DO

http://www.habitatadvocate.com.au/?tag=inshore-beam-trawl-fishery

Traditional vs. Integrated Multi-tropic Aquaculture of Gracilaria chilensis

60% salmanoid feed stays in water

Gracilaria chilensis (seaweed) removes amonia and nitrates from water

http://www.texasaquaculture.org/

Integrated aquaculture = raising fish with another crop

http://land.allears.net/blogs/jackspence/LWTL32.jpg

Traditional vs. Integrated Multi-tropic Aquaculture of Gracilaria chilensis

Study examines potential of seaweed to filter excess nutrients from salmon farms

•L1: 800m - top

•L2: 7km - top

•L3: control - top

•L4: bottom

Growth Patterns

Summer and autumn growth patterns (mean ± (SE), n = 30) of Gracilaria chilensis cultivated at different distances from the salmon cages (L1 = 100 m, L2 =

800 m, L3 = 7000 m and L4 = bottom culture). A. Relative Growth Rate (% day− 1) and B. Productivity (g m− 1 month− 1). Letters indicate the groups differentiated by posthoc tests, when these were significant at P < 0.01.

summer autumn

1.Seaweed most effective floating at intermediate distance

2.Farming seaweed near fish farms would reduce nutrient outputs from aquaculture

Possible Solutions

1.Integrated aquaculture2.Replace wild-caught fry with hatchery fry3.Better shipment and feeding methods4.Better labels for seafood

"Eat food. Not too much. Mostly plants." -Michael Pollan

Questions?

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Resources:

Food & Agriculture Org. (FAO) http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5600e/y5600e04.htm#p_1 , http://www.fao.org/docrep/field/009/ag158e/AG158E01.htm ,

Seafood Industry Council (SIC) http://www.seafoodindustry.co.nz/aquaculture