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Approaching the Comprehensive Approach: Lessons from Preparing Peace Operations Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf | ZIF Analysis Partnership for Peace Workshop | Bratislava, 03 July 2013 Your Gateway to Peace Operations
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Approaching the Comprehensive Approach: Lessons from Preparing Peace Operations

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Page 1: Approaching the  Comprehensive Approach:  Lessons from  Preparing Peace Operations

Approaching the Comprehensive Approach:

Lessons from Preparing Peace Operations

Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf | ZIF Analysis

Partnership for Peace Workshop | Bratislava, 03 July 2013

Your Gateway to Peace Operations

Page 2: Approaching the  Comprehensive Approach:  Lessons from  Preparing Peace Operations

1. Background: Comprehensive Peace Operations

2. ZIF: Purpose and Mandate

3. Institutionalized Comprehensive Approach in ZIF

4. Approaching the Comprehensive Approach in Training: Lessons and Questions

Center for International Peace Operations

Overview

Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

Page 3: Approaching the  Comprehensive Approach:  Lessons from  Preparing Peace Operations

> 11.000 civilians

> 50 mandated missions today

> 270.000 peacekeepers

> 140 peace operations since 1948

> 240.000 military

> 16.000 police

1 | Peace Operations: Key Figures

Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

Page 4: Approaching the  Comprehensive Approach:  Lessons from  Preparing Peace Operations

More types of field missions.

More complex, partly executive mandates.

More organizations than ever involved.

Extended periods of deployment.

Wider roles for (civilian) personnel.

1 | Fundamental Changes in Peace Operations

Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

Page 5: Approaching the  Comprehensive Approach:  Lessons from  Preparing Peace Operations

Peacemaking

Peacekeeping

Peacebuilding

Political dialogue;Mediation

Capacity building;Institution building;Policy support Elections

Administration;Demobilization; Rule of Law;Security sector reform

Monitoring; Observation

Humanitarian aid;Emergency response

1 | Range of Activities

Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

Page 6: Approaching the  Comprehensive Approach:  Lessons from  Preparing Peace Operations

UN

Regionalorganisationen

„Coalitions of the Willing“

United Nations Regional Organizations (EU, OSCE, AU, etc.) Bilateral Actors

1 | Range of Actors

Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

Page 7: Approaching the  Comprehensive Approach:  Lessons from  Preparing Peace Operations

Established in 2002 as Non-profit Ltd., owned by the Federal Republic of Germany, represented by the Federal Foreign Office

to provide independent analysis and advice on

crisis prevention, peace operations, and peace building;

cooperation between civilian, police and military actors;

policy and further development of the UN, EU, OSCE and other international institutions.

to establish and maintain a civilian expert roster for peace operations and election observations.

to develop and provide training for experts to be deployed in international peace operations and as election observers.

2 | ZIF Mandate

Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

Page 8: Approaching the  Comprehensive Approach:  Lessons from  Preparing Peace Operations

Director

AdministrationTrainingAnalysis Human Resources

(Expert Roster)

Projects

AU Roster

Rule of Law

Peace Ops

Fragile states

Peace and Security

ENTRi II EU Training

OCHARoster

2 | ZIF Structure

Center for International Peace Operations

18 employees

~20 employees

Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

Page 9: Approaching the  Comprehensive Approach:  Lessons from  Preparing Peace Operations

~1,300 civilians registered, non-standing

2 | ZIF Expert Roster

Center for International Peace Operations

German Civilians in Peace Operations

(as of December 2012)

68

26 71

Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

2.771 STO, 634 LTO

German Election Observers

(2002-2012: 3405)

525

2862

European Council: 18

Page 10: Approaching the  Comprehensive Approach:  Lessons from  Preparing Peace Operations

Human Rights Expert, Sudan Monitor, Georgia Election Observer, Kazakhstan

Press Officer, Timor-Leste Political Analyst, DR Congo Humanitarian Coordinator, Libya

International Judge, Kosovo Finance Manager, Afghanistan Logistics Specialist, Liberia

2 | ZIF Experts in Peace Operations

Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

Page 11: Approaching the  Comprehensive Approach:  Lessons from  Preparing Peace Operations

3 | Institutionalized Comprehensive Approach in ZIF

Working Group on the Comprehensive Approach (Vernetzte Sicherheit): Representatives from / liaison to MoECD, MFA, MoD, MoI. Analytical and conceptual contributions to CA.

Participation in Working Group on Peace and Development (FriEnt): MoECD, governmental agencies, NGOs. Strengthening cooperation and contribution of development cooperation to sustainable conflict transformation.

Training Partner Platform: MoECD, MoJ, MoI, MoD Bundeswehr: Command & Staff College, UN Training Center Police Academies, GIZ. Pooling of resources, joint trainings, exchange of experience.

Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

Page 12: Approaching the  Comprehensive Approach:  Lessons from  Preparing Peace Operations

3 | Comprehensive Approach: Joint Trainings

Mentoring and Advising (w/ several partners).

Intercultural communication (w/ police academies).

Gender issues in peace operations (w/ police academies).

UN Administration and Field Support (w/ UN-DFS, CSC Hamburg).

Field Security Trainings (w/ UN Training Center Hammelburg).

Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

Page 13: Approaching the  Comprehensive Approach:  Lessons from  Preparing Peace Operations

3 | Comprehensive Approach: Joint EU Trainings

ENTRi II – Europe’s New Training Initiative for Civilian Crisis Management.

3,33m Euro / 3 yrs from the EU Instrument for Stability, co-funded 90% by European Commission 10% by 14 implementing partners (led by ZIF) OSCE and UN-DPKO as Associates.

Preparation and training of civilians to be, or already deployed to crisis management missions (EU, UN, OSCE, AU).

747 civilians from 67 nations trained in 36 ENTRi courses in 2012.

Courses: Pre-deployment: EULEX Kosovo, EUPOL Afghanistan, EUMM Georgia. Specialization: Rule of Law, Mission Administration and Support, Conflict Analysis & Conflict Sensitivity, Mediation & Negotiation, Human Rights, Women in Armed Conflict.

Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

Page 14: Approaching the  Comprehensive Approach:  Lessons from  Preparing Peace Operations

3 | Comprehensive Approach: Joint EU Trainings

ZIF In-Mission Trainings

Since 2011: EUPOL Afghanistan, EULEX Kosovo, EUPOL COPPS Palestine

Preparation and training of civilians already deployed to EU crisis management missions.

Intercultural communication, Mediation & Negotiation.

Center for International Peace OperationsDr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

Page 15: Approaching the  Comprehensive Approach:  Lessons from  Preparing Peace Operations

4 | Lesson 1: Targeting and Matching

Different target groups need different focus. The closer to operations, the bigger the challenge to match target groups.

Center for International Peace Operations

Consequences: Differentiate target groups between

political level, planners, implementers.

Who needs what?

For implementers, pre-deployment or in-mission trainings are best-fit, as they can cover conflict and context specific knowledge and skills.

Challenges due to different deployment modes, dates and cycles.

Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

Page 16: Approaching the  Comprehensive Approach:  Lessons from  Preparing Peace Operations

4 | Lesson 2: Knowledge and Skills

Different training formats focus on different types of knowledge and skills. There is no “one size fits all”.

Center for International Peace Operations

General Knowledge Concepts (Comprehensive Approach, Human Security etc.) CA philosophy in different International Organizations and Nations Analysis and planning instruments Structures, mandates and organizational cultures

Conflict-specific Knowledge

Skills Intercultural behavior Conflict and actor analysis Defining goals and planning Networking and interaction

Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf

Page 17: Approaching the  Comprehensive Approach:  Lessons from  Preparing Peace Operations

4 | Lesson 3: Priorities and Mainstreaming

Civilians’ training time is a scarce resource. To maximize numbers of participants, minimize time required. Focus on mainstreaming.

Center for International Peace Operations

Consequences: Identify training priorities for target groups with respect to

relevant skills, relevant conflict context, training time required, political importance.

Focus on short training courses or modules to minimize time required.

Focus on mainstreaming to reach maximum numbers of participants.

Dr. Andreas Wittkowsky / LTC Ulrich Wittkampf