Applications and needs for Coastal Zone Management · Management of coastal areas •Management of the coastal zone must include the maintenance of the ecosystem functions. •Ecosystem

Applications and needs for Coastal Zone Management From the Meteorological point of view

S.NaipalSeptember 8, 2015

Importance of the coastal zone

• Fertile soil

• Presence of freshwater, brackish water and salt water

• Outside the hurricane belt and “relatively stable” climate

• More or less flat area

Offers good conditions for:

- Green growth

- Presence of complex ecosystems

- Agriculture, fishery,…

- Accommodation / housing

- Establishment of large infrastructure

Climing creek

Frodo pan

Coronie zwamp

Lange Pan 2

Kale BonBon Flat

Qoceaan

PE

E

E

P

P

E P

Bigi Pan

Lange Pan 2

QKalebon

QRamdien QJamaer

Qrits

Coronie swamp

Frodo panCliming kreek

Freshwater inflow

Ocean water inflow

Mixing process

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Afvoer tot in de Oceaan

Hydrologie van een bepaald stroomgebied (bijv.

Climing kreek)

Climing creek mogelijk dicht mede

vanwege de erosie

Mogelijke vorming van brak- tot

zoutwater pannen

No

Yes

Open pannen gaan dicht en visserij

gaat achteruit

Grasgroei in de zwampen zal sterk toenemen . Op

de modderbanken mangrove groei wordt

gestimuleerd

Groei van grassen zal afnemen. Mangrove

bossen ondervinden stress

Gesloten pannen kunnen open gaan en visserij

kan toenemen . Mangrove bossen aan de

kustlijn gaan achteruit

No

Yes

Weergave van een versimpel concept

van de hydrologie

Schematisch overzicht van een modderbank beweging

Bron: P.Augustinus

Satellite image

Precipitation and evaporation

• These two parameters are very important.

• It is important to know, whether rainfall is increasing of decreasing in the coastal zone and how this it varies within the year. (These are details, but, indeed, very important).

• Precipitation, which is freshwater supply, very important, particularly for the mangrove juveniles, but also for the bees (pollination).

• Evaporation – very important factor – enhances the salinity level. • Salinity disturbs plant development, through, worsening WQ, increasing OP, destruction of soil structure,

increasing the impermeability of deeper soil layers.

• Salt makes soils sensitive for erosion by deteriorating the soil structure.

• Changes in the salinity gradient has consequences for the estuarine ecosystem

• Changes in salinity are normally controlled by climate, hydrology, rainfall, topography and tidal flooding.

Mangrove ecosystem ensures

• Stable coast

• Increased bio diversity

• Higher resilience capacity

• Increased mud bank formation

• Higher elevation

• Economical value• Regulating functions

• Production functions

• Protection functions

• There is a good link between inland water and sea water, as far as fishery concerns.

• Deterioration of water quality and the ecosystem services, has a direct impact on the environment and soil erosion and associated with this - the high costs.

• Many decision-makers take hydrology seriously now and are incorporating in their planning

• A good understanding of an ecosystem will lead to a better development of a given area.

The link between inland freshwater and sea water

Degradation of the mangrove ecosystem

• Caused by human intervention

• Caused by nature‐induced changes

6 oktober 2013

Andere (economische) activiteiten

Anthropogene oorzaken

August 31, 2015 – Photo SN








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21

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Climate induced environmental changes

• Accelerated sea-level rise

• Changes in rainfall patterns

• Changes in sea-surface temperature

• Changes in wind and waves

• El-Niño-related changes

• Sediment-budget changes

What offers mangrove us:

• Protection, and therefore security

• Food supply, and therefore health

• Mitigation of climate, and therefore the future

• Employment (fisheries, tourism, among others ......

• Land accreation, (additional space for biodiversity, storage of water)

• Put Suriname high on the World map.

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Management of coastal areas

• Management of the coastal zone must include the maintenance of the ecosystem functions.

• Ecosystem functions to keep and to preserve areas having high productivity, which on their own turn have key role in the food chain, critical habitat for wild life, food, and nursery, etc.

• Physical factors are of importance are, flow, soil erosion, water resources (both surface and subsurface), vulnerability for storms and hurricanes, flow patterns and sediment deposition.

We need a stable coast for

• Protection purposes

• Creating a buffer zone;

• A buffer zone that acts as a filter for waste water and other pollutants produced by the human;

• Protection against salt intrusion;

• Support of agriculture

The question is how?

Local Case Study 4: Coastal Zone Management

Thank you.

Applications and needs for Coastal Zone Management · Management of coastal areas •Management of the coastal zone must include the maintenance of the ecosystem functions. •Ecosystem

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