APA format

• 1. DocumentingSources:Using APA FormatA workshop brought to you by the Purdue UniversityWriting LabPurdue University Writing Lab

2. Why Use APA Format? Allows readers tocross-reference yoursources easily Provides consistentformat within adiscipline Gives you credibilityas a writer Protects yourself fromplagiarism Purdue University Writing Lab 3. Cross-Referencing Your Sources Cross-referencing allows readers to locate the publication information of source material. This is of great value for researchers who may want to locate your sources for their own research projects. Purdue University Writing Lab 4. Using a Consistent Format Using a consistentformat helps yourreader understandyour arguments andthe sources theyrebuilt on. It also helps you keeptrack of yoursources as you buildarguments.Purdue University Writing Lab 5. Establishing CredibilityThe proper use of APAstyle shows thecredibility of writers;such writers showaccountability totheir sourcematerial.Purdue University Writing Lab 6. Avoiding PlagiarismProper citation of yoursources in APA stylecan help you avoidplagiarism, which is aserious offense. It mayresult in anything fromfailure of theassignment toexpulsion from school.Purdue University Writing Lab 7. Where Do I Find APA Format? Publication Manual of the AmericanPsychological Association, 5th ed. www.apastyle.org Composition textbooks OWL website: owl.english.purdue.edu Writing Lab Grammar Hotline:494-3723Purdue University Writing Lab 8. APA Style: Two MainConcerns ReferencePage ParentheticalCitationsPurdue University Writing Lab 9. Reference Page A list of every source thatyou make reference to inyour essay. Provides the informationnecessary for a reader tolocate and retrieve anysources cited in youressay. Each retrievable sourcecited in the essay mustappear on the referencepage, and vice versa.Purdue University Writing Lab 10. A Sample Reference PageShell Shock 12 ReferencesFussell, P. (1975). The Great War and modern memory. New York: Oxford UP.Marcus, J. (1989). The asylums of Antaeus: Women, war, and madnessis there a feminist fetishism? In H. A. Veeser (Ed.), The New Historicism (pp. 132-151). New York: Routledge.Mott, F. W. (1916). The effects of high explosives upon the central nervous system. The Lancet, 55(2), 331-38.Showalter, E. (1997). Hystories: Hysterical epidemics and modern media. New York: Columbia UP.Purdue University Writing Lab 11. Reference PageMost citations shouldcontain the followingbasic information: Authors name Title of work PublicationinformationPurdue University Writing Lab 12. References: Some Examples BookShay, J. (1994). Achilles in Vietnam:Combat trauma and the undoing ofcharacter. New York: Touchstone. Article in a MagazineKlein, J. (1998, October 5). Dizzy days.The New Yorker, 40-45. Purdue University Writing Lab 13. References: Some Examples Web pagePoland, D. (1998, October 26). The hot button. Roughcut. Retrieved October 28, 1998 from http://www.roughcut.com Purdue University Writing Lab 14. References: Some Examples A newspaper articleTommasini, A. (1998, October 27). Masterteachers whose artistry glows in private. NewYork Times, p. B2. A source with no known authorCigarette sales fall 30% as California taxrises. (1999, September 14). New YorkTimes, p. A17. Purdue University Writing Lab 15. Reference Page What other types ofsources might youneed to list on yourreference page? Study the basics of APA citation format. When something odd comes up, dont guess. Look it up! Purdue University Writing Lab 16. When Should You Use Parenthetical Citations? When quoting any words that are not your own Quotingmeans torepeat another sourceword for word, usingquotation marks Purdue University Writing Lab 17. When Should You Use Parenthetical Citations? When summarizing facts and ideas from a source Summarizing means to take ideas from a large passage of another source and condense them, using your own words When paraphrasing a source Paraphrasing means to use the ideas from another source but change the phrasing into your own wordsPurdue University Writing Lab 18. Keys to ParentheticalCitationsReadability Keep references brief Give only informationneeded to identify thesource on yourreference page Do not repeatunnecessaryinformationPurdue University Writing Lab 19. Handling Quotes in Your Text Authors last name, publication year, and page number(s) of quote must appear in the text Caruth (1996) states that a traumatic response frequently entails a delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena (p.11). A traumatic response frequently entails a delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena (Caruth, 1996, p.11). Purdue University Writing Lab 20. Handling Parenthetical CitationsSometimes additional information is necessary . . . More than one author with the same last name(H. James, 1878); (W. James, 1880) Two or more works in the same parentheses(Fussell, 1975; Caruth, 1996; Showalter, 1997) Work with six or more authors(Smith et al, 1998) Specific part of a source(Jones, 1995, chap. 2)Purdue University Writing Lab 21. Handling Parenthetical Citations If the source has no knownauthor, then use anabbreviated version of the title:Full Title: California CigaretteTax Deters SmokersCitation: (California, 1999)Purdue University Writing Lab 22. Handling Parenthetical Citations A reference to a personalcommunication:Source: email message fromC. Everett KoopCitation: (C. E. Koop, personalcommunication, May 16, 1998) A general reference to a web siteSource: Purdue University web siteCitation: (http://www.purdue.edu)Purdue University Writing Lab 23. Handling Parenthetical Citations Recently, the history of warfare has been significantly revised byHigonnet et al (1987), Marcus (1989), and Raitt and Tate (1997) toinclude womens personal and cultural responses to battle and itsresultant traumatic effects. Feminist researchers now concur that Itis no longer true to claim that womens responses to the war havebeen ignored (Raitt & Tate, p. 2). Though these studies focus solelyon womens experiences, they err by collectively perpetuating themasculine-centered impressions originating in Fussell (1975) andBergonzi (1996). However, Tylee (1990) further criticizes Fussell, arguing that hisstudy treated memory and culture as if they belonged to a spherebeyond the existence of individuals or the control of institutions (p.6).Purdue University Writing Lab 24. Handling Quotes in Your Text There are many different combinations and variations within APA citation format. If you run intosomething unusual,look it up! Purdue University Writing Lab 25. Where can you go for additional helpwith APA documentation? Purdue University WritingLab Heavilon 226 Grammar Hotline: (765) 494-3723 Check our web site:http://owl.english.purdue.edu Email brief questions:owl@owl.english.purdue.eduPurdue University Writing Lab