Anticipation, Aesthetics, and Innovation. Loom, Kinetoscope, Piano ATEC 6331.001 02-09-2009

Anticipation, Aesthetics, and Innovation.

Loom, Kinetoscope, Piano

ATEC 6331.00102-09-2009

Xiaowen Wang

The Loom: Early Stages One of the earliest loom is the

peg loom, or also known as ground loom. Used around 5,000 B.C.

It consists of two pegs driven into the ground, between them is a bar that holds up the threads creating the warp.

Warp is the vertical threads. (Now horizontal on modern loom.)

Weft is the thread that goes either over or under the warp.

The Loom : Development

1606 – Claud Dangon warping frame loom.

1700s (early) – Devices added to lift individual warp threads, allowing complex pattern and textures.

1782 – Frenchman Falcon suggests using perforated cards to store cloth pattern.

1706 – Edmund Cartwright constructs the first mechanical loom.

1801 – French inventor Joseph Marie Jaquard completes his pattern loom.

1822 – Richard Robert designs a complete automatic loom

American Bigelow and Northrop develops the power loom for carpet weaving.

Kinetoscope: The Beginning

Human brain perceives motion when pictures in rapid sequence are flashed at 15 or more frames per second.

1860, sequential photographs were produced

1877, Eadweard Muybridge attempted to prove that all four of horses hoof leaves the ground when it gallops

24 cameras took sequential photos of the horse and proved his theory.

Kinetoscope: Development

George Eastman dvelops stripes of flexible celluloid camera film with high exposure rate.

Thomas Edison and collaborators combined everything together to produce a Kinetoscope.

Kinetoscope is a device that advances a strip of film, frame by frame in rapid succession to produce the illusion of fluid motion.

The Piano: Early Stages

Pianos originates from the zither, an instrument from the Bronze Age.

Strings are stretched between two sticks and played by plucking.

The zither develops with a resonating chamber by the Greeks.

The first zither arrives in Europe around 11th century.

From the zithers, dulcimers are developed, with the concept of strings struck by hammers.

Clavichord then follows in 1404.

The virginal around the 1600s, expanding the octaves.

Followed by spinet and the harpsichord.

Piano: Development

Due to lack of dynamic control of individual notes, the piano is born.

Constructed by Cristofori, the keeper of instruments at the Florentine court in 18th century.

The new instrument is described as a harpsichord with soft and loud.

Loom: Aesthetic expressions

Rugs with complex design Fabric with rich textile

Loom: Aesthetic expressions

Color and pattern expressed in fashion design Interior design to suit personal aesthetic taste

Kinetoscope: Aesthetic expressions

Muybridge Film – The Horse

Edison's first Film - Sneezes

Modern cinema – Television series, Featured films, and Documentary films.

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Piano: Aesthetic expressions

Works of Scarlatti with new instruments.

Hapsichord - Scarlatti's piece on harpsichord

Piano - Scarlatti's piece on piano

After the piano comes the romantic era- Chopin piano concerto No.2

References

Humphries, Carl, “The Piano Handbook”, Outline Press Ltd, 2002, London, England.

Travers, Bridget. Muhr, Jeffrey, World of Invention,1994, Gale Research Inc. Detroit MI, pages 387 – 388, 537-538

Eco, Umberto, Zorzoli, G.B., The Picture History of Inventions, Casa editrice Valentino Bompiani & C. Milano, 1961. Printed in Italy.

Images from various googled source.

Music/videos from Youtube.com